Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)最新文献

{"title":"Sir Colin Blakemore (1944-2022): Neuroscientist, communicator and rationalist.","authors":"Neil Charman","doi":"10.1111/opo.13046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520731,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)","volume":" ","pages":"1410-1411"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40352058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term effects of methamphetamine abuse on visual evoked potentials.","authors":"Monireh Mahjoob,&nbsp;Samira Heydarian","doi":"10.1111/opo.13048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare visual evoked potential (VEP) components in normal individuals and those with long-term methamphetamine and crystal methamphetamine use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, monocular pattern-reversal VEPs were recorded in 40 methamphetamine and crystal methamphetamine users and 38 normal individuals. Visual stimuli were high-contrast (99%) checkerboard patterns at 15 and 60 min of arc with a reversal rate of 1.53 reversals per second.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant difference was seen between the two groups for the P100 peak time for the 60 min of arc checks (p = 0.002, d = 0.75, 4.61% higher peak time in the addicted group) and the 15 min of arc checks (p = 0.004, d = 0.73, 4.78% higher peak time in the addicted group). However, other VEP components were not significantly different between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The higher P100 peak time at both 15 and 60 min of arc in methamphetamine-dependent users reveals that VEPs are highly sensitive for the diagnosis of retinal and visual pathway lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":520731,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)","volume":" ","pages":"1187-1192"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33463876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The challenge of finding reviewers.","authors":"Mark Rosenfield","doi":"10.1111/opo.13057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13057","url":null,"abstract":"As an editor, probably my greatest challenge over the last couple of years has been finding suitable reviewers for papers. As I noted in the September 2022 issue, OPO is currently setting records for the number of submissions and articles published. While that is a sign of a healthy journal, it does mean that an increasing number of reviewers are needed. Even on the east coast of the United States, there are times when I think I can hear the groans from farflung parts of the world as another reviewer request lands in your inbox. I am old enough to remember the days when the editor would simply mail the printed manuscript to you, and sometimes, it was easier (and quicker) to review it, rather than having to go to the trouble of sending it back (especially if it had to be mailed overseas). While electronic communication around the globe is undoubtedly faster and certainly requires much less physical effort, perhaps it is just too easy to hit that unavailable or decline button and move on. So can I ask that you at least pause for a few minutes and think about the poor editor as he or she sends out the tenth or eleventh request (I think my personal record to date is 19 requests) in an attempt to find two qualified reviewers for a particular paper. The fact of the matter is that as scientists, clinicians or just readers, we all need peerreviewed journals. Of course, peerreview does not mean the findings of a paper are correct or even accurate, but it does mean that the paper has been examined by two or more people working in the same or a similar field, who considered that the manuscript makes a contribution to the literature and is worthy of wider distribution. To me, a peerreviewed paper is the diametric opposite of contemporary social media postings, where apparently, everyone is now an expert, and one author's online posting carries as much weight as anyone else's. If this means that we are practicing ‘academic elitism’, then I plead guilty as charged, but I do not apologise for doing so. The fact that it is challenging to draft a highquality scientific article and get it accepted into a wellregarded academic journal can only be a good thing, and the credit for an outstanding paper goes to the authors and all those involved in the review process. It means that the system is working. Therefore, this is my seemingly annual request to ask you to step up and help out by reviewing articles. I completely understand that it often seems a thankless job and can get in the way of all the other important things that we have on our plates. But without reviewers, we will not have peerreviewed papers and therefore no highquality publications. Accordingly, we all have a responsibility to maintain the system. I have heard it said that we should try and review a minimum of three papers for each one we publish ourselves. An excellent ratio if you can manage it. Another suggestion is to get senior Masters and PhD students to review papers, with the assistance and gu","PeriodicalId":520731,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)","volume":" ","pages":"1141-1142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33500715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term tear film stability, optical quality and visual performance in two dual-focus contact lenses for myopia control with different optical designs.","authors":"José Vicente García-Marqués,&nbsp;Rute Juliana Macedo-De-Araújo,&nbsp;Colm McAlinden,&nbsp;Miguel Faria-Ribeiro,&nbsp;Alejandro Cerviño,&nbsp;José Manuel González-Méijome","doi":"10.1111/opo.13024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess and compare short-term visual and optical quality and tear film stability between two dual-focus (DF) prototype myopia control contact lenses (CLs) having different inner zone diameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-eight myopic subjects were included in this randomised, double-masked crossover study. Refraction, best-corrected visual acuity (VA) and tear film stability were measured at baseline (i.e., when uncorrected). Subjects were then binocularly fitted with the DF CLs, with only the sensorial dominant eye being assessed. Lenses were of the same material and had inner zone diameters of either 2.1 mm (S design) or 4.0 mm (M design). Visual and physical short-term lens comfort, over-refraction, best-corrected VA, stereopsis at 40 cm, best-corrected photopic and mesopic contrast sensitivity (CS), size and shape of light disturbance (LD), wavefront aberrations, subjective quality of vision (QoV Questionnaire) and tear film stability were measured for each lens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both CL designs decreased tear film stability compared with baseline (p < 0.05). VA and photopic CS were within normal values for the subjects' age with each CL. When comparing lenses, the M design promoted better photopic CS for the 18 cycles per degree spatial frequency (p < 0.001) and better LD (p < 0.02). However, higher-order aberrations were improved with the S design (p = 0.02). No significant difference between the two CLs was found for QoV scores and tear film stability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both DF CLs provided acceptable visual performance under photopic conditions. The 4.0 mm inner zone gave better contrast sensitivity at high frequencies and lower light disturbance, while the 2.1 mm central diameter induced fewer higher-order aberrations for a 5 mm pupil diameter. Both CLs produced the same subjective visual short-term lens comfort.</p>","PeriodicalId":520731,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)","volume":" ","pages":"1062-1073"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9540637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40493588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patients' and health professionals' views on shared decision-making in age-related macular degeneration care: A qualitative study.","authors":"Mariska Scheffer,&nbsp;Juliane Menting,&nbsp;Ruud Roodbeen,&nbsp;Sandra van Dulmen,&nbsp;Manon van Hecke,&nbsp;Reinier Schlingemann,&nbsp;Ruth van Nispen,&nbsp;Hennie Boeije","doi":"10.1111/opo.13016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the principal causes of irreversible visual impairment in the older adult population. Recent evidence indicates that there are signs of undertreatment and overtreatment, underdiagnosis and insufficient information provision in AMD care. Shared decision-making (SDM) can aid information sharing between patients and health professionals and enhances high-quality care. This research aimed to gain insight into patients' and professionals' views on SDM in AMD care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 patients with AMD and 19 health professionals in June and July 2020. Participants were recruited through hospitals, professional and patient associations and (social) networks. Sample representativeness was ensured in terms of sociodemographic and disease characteristics for patients, and profession-related characteristics for health professionals. Interviews were analysed according to a predetermined coding framework.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although SDM is receiving attention in AMD care, health professionals and patients experienced barriers in making shared decisions. The most common barriers reported included limitations in treatment options, time constraints, strict treatment guidelines and patients' comorbidity. Furthermore, most patients indicated that they were not (fully) informed about all aspects of AMD trajectory, such as the possibility to discontinue therapy or the long-term and invasive character of treatment. Some patients expressed the need for a more empathic and person-centred communication style from their health professional.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The concerns raised by patients and health professionals suggest that there is room for improvement in delivery of SDM in AMD care. Findings from this study indicate that information provision and communication can be improved.</p>","PeriodicalId":520731,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)","volume":" ","pages":"1015-1022"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40678648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics to endorse DORA: Promoting appropriate and diverse means of research recognition.","authors":"Roseanna Levermore","doi":"10.1111/opo.13025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520731,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)","volume":" ","pages":"936-937"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40608976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accommodation lags are higher in myopia than in emmetropia: Measurement methods and metrics matter.","authors":"Dinesh Kaphle,&nbsp;Saulius R Varnas,&nbsp;Katrina L Schmid,&nbsp;Marwan Suheimat,&nbsp;Alexander Leube,&nbsp;David A Atchison","doi":"10.1111/opo.13021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine whether accommodative errors in emmetropes and myopes are systematically different, and the effect of using different instruments and metrics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy-six adults aged 18-27 years comprising 24 emmetropes (spherical equivalent refraction of the dominant eye +0.04 ± 0.03 D) and 52 myopes (-2.73 ± 0.22 D) were included. Accommodation responses were measured with a Grand Seiko WAM-5500 and a Hartmann-Shack Complete Ophthalmic Analysis System aberrometer, using pupil plane (Zernike and Seidel refraction) and retinal image plane (neural sharpness-NS; and visual Strehl ratio for modulation transfer function-VSMTF) metrics at 40, 33 and 25 cm. Accommodation stimuli were presented to the corrected dominant eye, and responses, referenced to the corneal plane, were determined in the fellow eye. Linear mixed-effects models were used to determine influence of the refractive group, the measurement method, accommodation stimulus, age, race, parental myopia, gender and binocular measures of heterophoria, accommodative convergence/accommodation and convergence accommodation/convergence ratios.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lags of accommodation were affected significantly by the measurement method (p < 0.001), the refractive group (p = 0.003), near heterophoria (p = 0.002) and accommodative stimulus (p < 0.05), with significant interactions between some of these variables. Overall, emmetropes had smaller lags of accommodation than myopes with respective means ± standard errors of 0.31 ± 0.08 D and 0.61 ± 0.06 D (p = 0.003). Lags were largest for the Grand Seiko and Zernike defocus, intermediate for NS and VSMTF, and least for Seidel defocus.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The mean lag of accommodation in emmetropes is approximately equal to the previously reported depth of focus. Myopes had larger (double) lags than emmetropes. Differences between methods and instruments could be as great as 0.50 D, and this must be considered when comparing studies and outcomes. Accommodative lag increased with the accommodation stimulus, but only for methods using a fixed small pupil diameter.</p>","PeriodicalId":520731,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)","volume":" ","pages":"1103-1114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f3/c4/OPO-42-1103.PMC9544228.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40551768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Will treating progressive myopia overwhelm the eye care workforce? A workforce modelling study.","authors":"Gareth Lingham,&nbsp;James Loughman,&nbsp;Stella Kuzmenko,&nbsp;Matilda Biba,&nbsp;Daniel Ian Flitcroft","doi":"10.1111/opo.13019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Treatments for myopia progression are now available, but implementing these into clinical practice will place a burden on the eye care workforce. This study estimated the full-time equivalent (FTE) workforce required to implement myopia control treatments in the UK and Ireland.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To estimate the number of 6- to 21-year-olds with myopia, two models utilising separate data sources were developed. The examination-based model used: (1) the number of primary care eye examinations conducted annually and (2) the proportion of these that are for myopic young people. The prevalence-based model used epidemiological data on the age-specific prevalence of myopia. The proportion of myopic young people progressing ≥0.25 dioptres (D)/year or ≥0.50 D/year was obtained from Irish electronic health records and the recommended review schedule from clinical management guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using the examination and prevalence models, respectively, the estimated number of young people with myopia was 2,469,943 and 2,235,713. The extra workforce required to provide comprehensive myopia management for this target population was estimated at 226-317 FTE at the 0.50 D/year threshold and 433-630 FTE at the 0.25 D/year threshold. Extra visits required for myopia control treatment represented approximately 2.6% of current primary eye care examinations versus 13.6% of hospital examinations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Implementing new myopia control treatments in primary care settings over the medium-term is unlikely to overwhelm the eye care workforce completely. Further increases to workforce, upskilling of current workforce and tools to reduce chair time will help to ensure sustainability of the eye care workforce into the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":520731,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)","volume":" ","pages":"1092-1102"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/51/25/OPO-42-1092.PMC9543528.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40121615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2021-A record year for OPO.","authors":"Mark Rosenfield","doi":"10.1111/opo.13026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520731,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)","volume":" ","pages":"935"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40605890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between axial length elongation and spherical equivalent progression in Chinese children and adolescents.","authors":"Shang Liu,&nbsp;Xiangui He,&nbsp;Jingjing Wang,&nbsp;Linlin Du,&nbsp;Hui Xie,&nbsp;Jinliuxing Yang,&nbsp;Kun Liu,&nbsp;Haidong Zou,&nbsp;Xun Xu,&nbsp;Jun Chen","doi":"10.1111/opo.13023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>It is generally believed that a 1-mm axial length (AL) elongation of the eye corresponds to a -3.00 D spherical equivalent (SE) progression, but this is disputed.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the association between AL elongation and SE progression among children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective cohort study of 710 children and adolescents aged 6-16 years was included. Ophthalmic examinations, including cycloplegic SE, AL and corneal curvature, were performed at baseline and 1-year follow-up. The ratio of SE change (ΔSE) to AL change (ΔAL) (ΔSE/ΔAL) was calculated, and its association with age and refractive status was explored using a general linear model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among all participants, 396 (55.77%) were male, with 265 (37.32%) myopes at baseline. The average 1-year ΔSE and ΔAL were 0.61 ± 0.40 D and 0.33 ± 0.22 mm, respectively. Both ΔSE and ΔAL gradually decreased with age (p < 0.001). In the general linear model analyses, age and refractive status were independently associated with ΔSE/ΔAL after adjustment for covariates (age: <math><semantics><mrow><mover><mi>β</mi><mo>̂</mo></mover></mrow><annotation>$$ hat{beta} $$</annotation></semantics></math>  = 0.04, p < 0.05; myopia vs nonmyopia: <math><semantics><mrow><mover><mi>β</mi><mo>̂</mo></mover></mrow><annotation>$$ hat{beta} $$</annotation></semantics></math>  = 0.28, p < 0.05). Based on the developed formula ΔSE/ΔAL = 1.74 + 0.05*age (for myopes), mean ΔSE/ΔAL in myopes increased from 2.06 D/mm in the 6-year-olds to 2.59 D/mm in the 16-year-olds. In nonmyopes, ΔSE/ΔAL = 1.33 + 0.05*age, and the ratio increased from 1.65 D/mm in the 6-year-olds to 2.18 D/mm in the 16-year-olds.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The ratio of ΔSE/ΔAL varied with age and refractive status in children and adolescents. The age-specific ΔSE/ΔAL could be used to estimate SE progression through the actual AL change.</p>","PeriodicalId":520731,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)","volume":" ","pages":"1133-1140"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40409117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}