Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)最新文献

{"title":"Correction of moderate to high refractive astigmatism with extended range toric soft contact lenses in patients with different patterns of astigmatism.","authors":"Ibrahim Inan Harbiyeli,&nbsp;Kubra Gul Olke,&nbsp;Elif Erdem,&nbsp;Meltem Yagmur","doi":"10.1111/opo.12980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.12980","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the visual performance of extended range, toric soft contact lenses (TSCLs) in patients with keratoconus and moderate to high astigmatism with different astigmatic patterns.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective, cross-sectional clinical study. Extended range TSCL users with astigmatism ≥3.0 D were included. Cases were categorised into three subgroups, namely regular, irregular (non-keratoconus) and keratoconic based on the topographic pattern of astigmatism. In addition, subjects were subdivided based on the degree of astigmatism.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty five patients (82 eyes) were enrolled, of whom 28 (51%) were female. The mean age was 24.2 ± 7.5 (range: 8-41 years) years. Thirty-six eyes with regular astigmatism (43.9%), 34 eyes with irregular astigmatism (41.5%) and 12 eyes with keratoconus (14.6%) were included. The percentage improvement in visual acuity (VA) was significantly higher with contact lenses compared with spectacles in all groups (p < 0.001), with the highest improvement in subjects with keratoconus (p = 0.03). Twenty six (31.7%), 30 (36.6%) and 26 eyes (31.7%) had moderate (-3.0 to -4.24 D), moderate/high (-4.25 to -5.99 D) and high (≤-6.0 D) astigmatism, respectively. The percentage improvement in VA with contact lenses was statistically significantly higher than for spectacle wear in all groups (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrated that satisfactory visual outcomes can be obtained with extended range TSCLs in patients having moderate to high astigmatism with different astigmatic patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":520731,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)","volume":" ","pages":"807-813"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40327775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak and associated public health measures increase the progression of myopia among children and adolescents: Evidence synthesis.","authors":"Akarapon Watcharapalakorn,&nbsp;Teera Poyomtip,&nbsp;Patarakorn Tawonkasiwattanakun","doi":"10.1111/opo.12976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.12976","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Although studies have suggested that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak increased myopia progression, they had different settings and analysis methods. This study compared myopia progression before and during the COVID-19 outbreak using meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Relevant literature was searched on EMBASE, PubMed, ClinEpiDB and Web of Science and reviewed until 8 October 2021. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the quality of the original studies. The mean difference of change in spherical equivalent refraction (SER) was used for evaluation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The meta-analysis included eight studies with 773, 797 individuals aged 5-18 years. Pooled analysis indicated that the mean difference of annual myopia progression during the pandemic was 0.41 D higher (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.35-0.48, p < 0.01) than before the pandemic. Subgroup analysis using cycloplegic (mean difference, 0.30 D; 95% CI, 0.22-0.38; p < 0.01) or noncycloplegic refraction (mean difference, 0.60 D; 95% CI, 0.27-0.93; p < 0.01) indicated that the mean difference of annual myopia progression during COVID-19 significantly increased in both refractive measurements.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings demonstrated that the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated myopic progression compared to the past. Government policies are urgently required to prevent and control myopia progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":520731,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)","volume":" ","pages":"744-752"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9115422/pdf/OPO-42-744.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40312906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of mental load on psychophysical and visual evoked potential visual acuity.","authors":"Monireh Mahjoob,&nbsp;Javad Heravian Shandiz,&nbsp;Andrew J Anderson","doi":"10.1111/opo.12955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.12955","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Under real-world conditions, tasks dependent on visual acuity may need to be performed in the presence of a mental load arising from concurrent, non-visual tasks. Therefore, measuring visual acuity concurrently with mentally demanding tasks may reflect a patient's vision more accurately. This study was designed to evaluate the impact of task-induced mental load on high contrast visual acuity, as measured using a letter chart and estimated via sweep visual evoked potentials (sweep VEP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Visual acuity was determined using the Freiburg Vision Test, and also using sweep VEP tested stepwise, from coarse to fine, over 13 spatial frequencies, in 31 healthy participants (aged 22.4 ± 3.6 years). Recordings were repeated while participants concurrently performed an auditory 2-back task. Mental load of the n-back task was confirmed through subjective ratings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Visual acuity determined with the Freiburg Vision Test worsened from -0.02 ± 0.12 to 0.04 ± 0.15 logMAR under mental load (p = 0.03). Visual acuities estimated by sweep VEPs worsened from 0.38 ± 0.1 to 0.47 ± 0.1 logMAR (p < 0.001). While the slope of the VEP amplitude versus spatial frequency function steepened significantly with mental load (p = 0.01), VEP noise levels were not significantly affected (p = 0.07).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Visual acuity reduces significantly with a concurrent task that produces mental load. At least part of this reduction appears to be related to alterations in responses within the visual cortex, rather than being purely attributable to higher-level distraction effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":520731,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)","volume":" ","pages":"586-593"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39608226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"All retinas are not created equal: Fovea-to-macula thickness ratio and foveal microvasculature in healthy young children.","authors":"Pelsin Demir,&nbsp;Nathaniel Hovsepian,&nbsp;Peter Pagels,&nbsp;Vanja Petersson,&nbsp;Karthikeyan Baskaran,&nbsp;Antonio Filipe Macedo","doi":"10.1111/opo.12958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.12958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Markers for the relationships between structural and microvasculature measures given by optical coherence tomography angiography are necessary to increase the diagnostic and prognostic value of this technique. The aim of this study was to investigate relationships between structural and microvasculature measures around the fovea in healthy eyes of healthy children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Observational cross-sectional study involving children aged 8-17 years, born at full-term, with no eye disease. The better of two 3 × 3 mm macular scans obtained with a Cirrus 5000HD-OCT was analysed. Images were corrected for lateral magnification errors. Vessel density and perfusion were measured with ImageJ/Fiji software for the superficial capillary plexus. Structural measures including foveal and macular thicknesses were performed manually.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sample included 86 participants, 51 (59%) females. Mean age was 12.4 years (SD = 2.5); mean best-corrected acuity was -0.10 logMAR (SD = 0.09); mean refractive error was +0.59 D (SD = 1.3) and mean axial length was 23.1 mm (SD = 0.86). Mean area of the foveal avascular zone (AFAZ) was 0.20 mm² (SD = 0.88); median fovea-to-macula thickness ratio (FMTR) was 0.63 (IQR = 0.08); mean central vessel density was 12.42 mm^-1 (SD = 2.78) and mean central perfusion was 38.66% (SD = 3.83). AFAZ was correlated with central vessel density (p < 0.001), perfusion (p < 0.001), foveal thickness (p < 0.001) and FMTR (p < 0.001). Central vessel density was correlated with foveal thickness (p < 0.001) and FMTR, (p = 0.01). Central perfusion was correlated with foveal thickness (p < 0.001) and FMTR, (p = 0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, foveal thickness, FMTR and foveal microvasculature measurements were correlated. Clinicians need to be aware that shallow foveal pits and persistent foveal microvasculature are likely to occur in optical coherence tomography angiography images. In healthy eyes from healthy children, an atypical high FMTR and a small AFAZ may be associated with incomplete foveal development. The mechanism and functional implications of this remain unknown.</p>","PeriodicalId":520731,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)","volume":" ","pages":"644-652"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3d/b6/OPO-42-644.PMC9304185.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39613679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What are the causes of non-tolerance to new spectacles and how can they be avoided?","authors":"Jeremy Beesley,&nbsp;Christopher J Davey,&nbsp;David B Elliott","doi":"10.1111/opo.12961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.12961","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate non-tolerance cases from several UK practices to determine their likely causes and how they might have been avoided.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patient complaint and refraction data were collected from non-tolerance recheck examinations. For one practice, clinical data were also collected retrospectively to investigate the quality of the eye examinations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data for 279 rechecks were gathered from 10 practices and a recheck frequency of 2.3% was found. The mean patient age was 60 (SD 16) years, with cylinder changes responsible for 38% of prescription-related causes of rechecks, overplusing or underminusing 26%, and underplusing or overminusing just 11%. An assessment of 242 recheck corrections found that 40% were unsatisfactory (e.g., failed to address initial or recheck symptoms, N = 45) and retrospective analysis of 217 case records showed many limitations (e.g., 61% or 28% recorded no uncorrected or habitual visual acuity (VA) at either initial examination or recheck).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Given that overplus-underminus was a much bigger proportion of prescription-related cases than overminus-underplus (26% vs. 11%), the refraction mantra of \"maximum plus for maximum VA\" should be balanced by increased teaching of the problems of overplusing and underminusing, and the use of prescribing guidelines. In addition, continuing professional development regarding the basics of the recheck examination, refraction, visual acuity and prism determination is needed. Changes of oblique cylinders should be carefully considered in older patients as this is a common cause of non-tolerance. In addition, if the \"if it ain't broke, don't fix it\" and related maxims had been applied to all patients who were asymptomatic at the original examination, one third of all non-tolerance cases could have been avoided. Finally, it would seem appropriate for practices to develop a system to deal better with non-tolerance cases. Perhaps an experienced clinician should examine all patients with non-tolerance and provide feedback to the original clinician.</p>","PeriodicalId":520731,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)","volume":" ","pages":"619-632"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9303957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39917000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of peripheral defocus on axial growth and modulation of refractive error in hyperopes.","authors":"Ian G Beasley,&nbsp;Leon N Davies,&nbsp;Nicola S Logan","doi":"10.1111/opo.12951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.12951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To establish whether axial growth and refractive error can be modulated in hyperopic children by imposing relative peripheral hyperopic defocus using multifocal soft contact lenses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective controlled study with hyperopic participants allocated to a control or test group. Control group participants were corrected with single vision spectacles and changes to axial length and refractive error were followed for 3 years. For the test group, axial growth and post-cycloplegic refractive error were observed with participants wearing single vision spectacles for the first 6 months of the trial and then corrected with centre-near multifocal soft contact lenses with a 2.00 D add for 2 years. The central 'near' portion of the contact lens corrected distance refractive error while the 'distance' portion imposed hyperopic defocus. Participants reverted to single vision spectacles for the final 6 months of the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-two participants, mean age 11.13 years (SD 1.72) (range 8.33-13.92), completed the trial. Axial length did not change during the first 6 months in either group (p = 1.00). Axial growth across the 2-year intervention period was 0.17 mm (SEM 0.04) (p < 0.0005) in the test group versus 0.06 mm (SEM 0.07) (p = 0.68) in the control group. Axial length was invariant during the final 6 months in either group (p = 1.00). Refractive error was stable during the first 6 months in both groups (p = 1.00). Refractive error change across the 2-year intervention period was -0.26 D (SEM 0.14) (p = 0.38) in the test group versus -0.01 D (SEM 0.09) (p = 1.00) in the control group. Neither the test (p = 1.00) nor control (p = 0.63) group demonstrated a change in refractive error during the final 6 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The rate of axial growth can be accelerated in children with hyperopia using centre-near multifocal soft contact lenses.</p>","PeriodicalId":520731,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)","volume":" ","pages":"534-544"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9303555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39802752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scope of practice of optometrists working in the UK Hospital Eye Service: Second national survey.","authors":"Patrick J G Gunn,&nbsp;Rosalind C Creer,&nbsp;Michael Bowen,&nbsp;Cindy Tromans,&nbsp;Andrew Jonathan Jackson,&nbsp;Andrew P Tompkin,&nbsp;Robert A Harper","doi":"10.1111/opo.12952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.12952","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>As the landscape in ophthalmology and related commissioning continues to change, there is a pressing need to re-evaluate the current scope of practice of hospital optometrists working within secondary care in the UK. We aim to establish if the skills or services delivered by optometrists have changed to meet varying demands, and to better understand what changes in practice may have arisen as a result of COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A survey developed from that used in 2015 was disseminated to 129 optometry Hospital Eye Service (HES) leads in September 2020, including questions on department workforce; core services; extended roles; procedures undertaken within extended roles; level of autonomy; arrangements for prescribing; training and accreditation, and service changes in response to COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety responses were received (70% response rate) from within England (76%), Scotland (22%) and Northern Ireland (2%). Whole time equivalents within units ranged from 0.4-79.2 (median of 2.5). In comparison to the 2015 survey, there was an increase in the proportion of units delivering extended roles, with glaucoma (88%) remaining the most common extended role, and new areas of practice in uveitis (21%) and vitreoretinal (13%) services. There was increased use of independent prescribing (67%) in comparison to 18% in 2015 and there was an increase in optometrists delivering laser interventions. In response to COVID-19, optometrists were increasingly delivering telephone consultations and there were new collaborations between primary and secondary care.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Optometrists' scope of practice continues to develop in the HES with an increased variety of roles and an apparent increase in the number of units employing optometrists, often working in roles historically performed by medical practitioners. Such changes appear necessary in recovery and transformation within ophthalmology, alongside wider optometry changes arising at the interface of primary and secondary care.</p>","PeriodicalId":520731,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)","volume":" ","pages":"428-439"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9303216/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39608230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of glaucoma on detection and discrimination of image blur.","authors":"Habiba A Bham,&nbsp;Jonathan Denniss","doi":"10.1111/opo.12947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.12947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Blur is one of the most commonly reported visual symptoms of glaucoma, but it is not directly measured by current clinical tests. We aimed to investigate the effects of glaucoma on detection and discrimination of image blur.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were people with glaucoma, separated into two groups with (n = 15) or without (n = 17) central visual field defects measured by 10-2 perimetry, and an age-similar control group (n = 18). First, we measured contrast detection thresholds centrally using a 2-interval forced choice procedure. We then measured blur detection and discrimination thresholds for the same stimuli (reference blurs 0, 1 arcmin) using a 2-alternative forced choice procedure under two contrast conditions: 4× individual detection threshold for the low contrast condition; 95% contrast for the high contrast condition. The stimulus was a horizontal edge bisecting a hard-edged circle of 4.5° diameter. Data were analysed by linear mixed modelling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Contrast detection thresholds for the glaucoma group with central visual field defects were raised by 0.01 ± 0.004 (mean ± SE, Michelson units) (p = 0.002) and by 0.01 ± 0.004 (p = 0.03) relative to control and glaucoma without central visual field defect groups, respectively. Blur detection and discrimination thresholds were similar between groups, with small elevations in blur detection thresholds in the glaucoma groups not reaching statistical significance (detection p = 0.29, discrimination p = 0.91). The lower contrast level increased thresholds from the higher contrast level by 1.30 ± 0.10 arcmin (p < 0.001) and 1.05 ± 0.10 arcmin (p < 0.001) for blur detection and discrimination thresholds, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Early-moderate glaucoma resulted in only minimal elevations of blur detection thresholds that did not reach statistical significance in this study. Despite the prevalence of blur as a visual symptom of glaucoma, psychophysical measurements of blur detection or discrimination may not be good candidates for development as clinical tests for glaucoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":520731,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)","volume":" ","pages":"471-481"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9306785/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39854343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is patient identification of 'comfortable' print size a useful clinical parameter for low vision reading assessment?","authors":"Keziah Latham,&nbsp;Jane Macnaughton","doi":"10.1111/opo.12946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.12946","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to determine what a person with vision loss considers a 'comfortable' print size to read, and examine whether this reflects any of three currently used parameters for identifying print size required for sustained reading tasks: minimum size to achieve maximum reading speed (the critical print size (CPS)); minimum size for functional reading at 80 wpm and/or a size that is double the reading acuity (representing an acuity reserve of 2:1).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-seven participants entering low vision rehabilitation (mean age 77 years, 24 with macular degeneration) were assessed using MNREAD charts to determine reading acuity, maximum reading speed, CPS and the minimum size allowing functional (80 wpm) reading. Comfortable print size was assessed by asking participants to identify 'the smallest print size that you would find comfortable using' on the MNREAD chart.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was little difference between comfortable print size and CPS (mean difference 0.05 logMAR (SD 0.18); p = 0.08, limits of agreement ±0.35 logMAR), and no trend for the difference between values to differ across the functional range. Size for functional reading could only be assessed for 41 participants, and the difference between this and comfortable print size varied across the functional range. Comfortable print size was consistently smaller than twice the reading acuity size (mean difference 0.11 logMAR (SD 0.17); p < 0.001), with an average acuity reserve of 1.74:1.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Asking people with visual impairment to identify a print size that is comfortable to read provides a print size similar to the CPS. This can be used as a guide in selecting magnification for sustained reading without having to undertake further analyses. Identification of perceived comfortable print size may offer a time-efficient clinical method of estimating magnification requirements, and be relevant for undertaking effective remote consultations.</p>","PeriodicalId":520731,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)","volume":" ","pages":"482-490"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39916998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MAIA microperimeter for short-duration fixation stability measurements in central vision loss: Repeatability and comparison with the Nidek MP1.","authors":"Yulia Pyatova,&nbsp;Samuel N Markowitz,&nbsp;Robert G Devenyi,&nbsp;Luminita Tarita-Nistor","doi":"10.1111/opo.12960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.12960","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study reports the repeatability of 20 s-duration fixation stability measurements recorded with the Macular Integrity Assessment (MAIA) microperimeter in patients with central vision loss, in contrast to the Nidek MP1 microperimeter.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fixation stability was recorded in 39 eyes of 25 patients with macular disease using MAIA and the MP1 for 20 s intervals, twice for each eye, with each instrument. Twenty eyes were identified as the better eye (BE) and 19 eyes as the worse eye (WE). Fixation stability was quantified with the 95% bivariate contour ellipse area (BCEA), logarithmically transformed. Bland-Altman plots were used to determine the 95% limits of agreement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For MAIA, the 95% limits of agreement were ±0.84 log deg² for the BE and ±0.66 log deg² for the WE. Similarly, for the MP1 these limits were ±0.48 log deg² for the BE and ±0.72 log deg² for the WE. Inter-device repeatability was modest, ±1.09 log deg² for the BE and ±1.01 log deg² for the WE, and a proportional bias was detected. Occasionally, MAIA did not register all the expected number of data points, and included far outliers in the BCEA calculation; the inter-device repeatability did not improve when these outliers were removed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Repeatability of 20 s-duration fixation stability examination in patients with central vision loss is specific to the instrument used. We recommend that only data from same type of microperimeter with the same fixation duration should be compared when using fixation stability as an outcome measure to monitor disease progression, effect of treatment or in clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":520731,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)","volume":" ","pages":"633-643"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39916999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}