Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)最新文献

{"title":"Metagenomics of Toenail Onychomycosis in Three Victorian Regions of Australia.","authors":"Steven Hainsworth,&nbsp;Ann C Lawrie,&nbsp;Thiru Vanniasinkam,&nbsp;Danilla Grando","doi":"10.3390/jof8111198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8111198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Onychomycosis is a fungal disease of the nail that is found worldwide and is difficult to diagnose accurately. This study used metagenomics to investigate the microbiology of 18 clinically diagnosed mycotic nails and two normal nails for fungi and bacteria using the ITS2 and 16S loci. Four mycotic nails were from Bass Coast, six from Melbourne Metropolitan and eight from Shepparton, Victoria, Australia. The mycotic nails were photographed and metagenomically analysed. The ITS2 sequences for <i>T. rubrum</i> and <i>T. interdigitale/mentagrophytes</i> averaged over 90% of hits in 14/18 nails. The high abundance of sequences of a single dermatophyte, compared to all other fungi in a single nail, made it the most likely infecting agents (MLIA). <i>Trichophyton rubrum</i> and <i>T.</i> interdigitale/mentagrophytes were found in Bass Coast and Shepparton while only <i>T. interdigitale/mentagrophytes</i> was found in Melbourne. Two nails with <i>T. interdigitale/mentagrophytes</i> mixed with high abundance non-dermatophyte moulds (NDMs) (<i>Aspergillus versicolor</i>, <i>Acremonium sclerotigenum</i>) were also observed. The two control nails contained chiefly <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> and <i>Malassezia slooffiae</i>. For bacteria, <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> was in every nail and was the most abundant, including the control nails, with an overall mean rate of 66.01%. <i>Rothia koreensis</i>, <i>Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum</i>, and <i>Brevibacterium sediminis</i> also featured.</p>","PeriodicalId":520671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9698484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40722051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>γ</i>-Cyclodextrin-Encapsulated Cinnamaldehyde for Citrus Preservation and Its Potential Mechanisms against <i>Penicillium digitatum</i>.","authors":"Yonghua Zhang,&nbsp;Yuanzhen Tan,&nbsp;Okwong Oketch Reymick,&nbsp;Qiuli Ouyang,&nbsp;Nengguo Tao","doi":"10.3390/jof8111199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8111199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, a <i>γ</i>-cyclodextrin-cinnamaldehyde inclusion compound (<i>γ</i>-CDCL) was prepared to control green mold caused by <i>Penicillium digitatum</i> (<i>P. digitatum</i>) in citrus. The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of <i>γ</i>-CDCL against the mycelial growth of <i>P. digitatum</i> were 2.0 g L^-1 and 4.0 g L^-1, respectively. Simultaneously, eight × MFC <i>γ</i>-CDCL could effectively reduce the incidence of green mold in citrus fruit without impairment of the fruit qualities, meanwhile, eight × MFC <i>γ</i>-CDCL was comparable to Prochloraz in controlling fruit under natural storage conditions. The structure of <i>γ</i>-CDCL was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. Results showed that the successful preparation of <i>γ</i>-CDCL was due to the spatial interaction between H-4,8 of cinnamaldehyde and H-5' of <i>γ</i>-cyclodextrin. Meanwhile, the cell membrane permeability of <i>P. digitatum</i> was impaired by <i>γ</i>-CDCL through massive accumulation of reactive oxygen species, whereas the cell wall integrity was barely affected. These results indicated that <i>γ</i>-CDCL might inhibit the growth of <i>P. digitatum</i> through a membrane damage mechanism and it is a promising alternative to chemical fungicides in controlling the post-harvest citrus decay.</p>","PeriodicalId":520671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9696930/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40722052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endophytic Fungi Associated with <i>Aquilaria sinensis</i> (Agarwood) from China Show Antagonism against Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens.","authors":"Tian-Ye Du,&nbsp;Samantha C Karunarathna,&nbsp;Xian Zhang,&nbsp;Dong-Qin Dai,&nbsp;Ausana Mapook,&nbsp;Nakarin Suwannarach,&nbsp;Jian-Chu Xu,&nbsp;Steven L Stephenson,&nbsp;Abdallah M Elgorban,&nbsp;Salim Al-Rejaie,&nbsp;Saowaluck Tibpromma","doi":"10.3390/jof8111197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8111197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Agarwood is the most expensive non-construction wood product in the world. As a therapeutic agent, agarwood can cure some diseases, but few studies have been carried out on the antagonistic abilities of endophytic fungi associated with agarwood. Agarwood is mainly found in the genus <i>Aquiaria</i>. The objectives of this study are to understand the antimicrobial activities and their potential as biocontrol agents of the endophytic fungi of <i>Aquilaria sinensis</i>. First, fresh samples of <i>A. sinensis</i> were collected from Yunnan and Guangdong Provinces in 2020-2021, and the endophytic fungi were isolated and identified to genus level based on the phylogenetic analyses of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region. In this bioassay, 47 endophytic strains were selected to check their bioactivities against three bacterial pathogens viz. <i>Erwinia amylovora, Pseudomonas syringae,</i> and <i>Salmonella enterica</i>; and three fungal pathogens viz. <i>Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea,</i> and <i>Penicillium digitatum</i>. The antibiosis test was carried out by the dual culture assay (10 days), and among the 47 strains selected, 40 strains belong to 18 genera viz. <i>Alternaria</i>, <i>Annulohypoxylon</i>, <i>Aspergillus</i>, <i>Botryosphaeria</i>, <i>Colletotrichum</i>, <i>Corynespora</i>, <i>Curvularia</i>, <i>Daldinia</i>, <i>Diaporthe</i>, <i>Fusarium</i>, <i>Lasiodiplodia</i>, <i>Neofusicoccum</i>, <i>Neopestalotiopsis</i>, <i>Nigrospora</i>, <i>Paracamarosporium</i>, <i>Pseudopithomyces</i>, <i>Trichoderma</i>, <i>Trichosporon</i> and one strain belongs to Xylariaceae had antimicrobial activities. In particular, <i>Lasiodiplodia</i> sp. (YNA-D3) showed the inhibition of all the bacterial and fungal pathogens with a significant inhibition rate. In addition, the strains viz; <i>Curvularia</i> sp. (GDA-3A9), <i>Diaporthe</i> sp. (GDA-2A1), <i>Lasiodiplodia</i> sp. (YNA-D3), <i>Neofusicoccum</i> sp. (YNA-1C3), <i>Nigrospora</i> sp. (GDA-4C1), and <i>Trichoderma</i> sp. (YNA-1C1) showed significant antimicrobial activities and are considered worthy of further studies to identify individual fungal species and their bioactive compounds. This study enriches the diversity of endophytic fungi associated with agarwood, and their potential antagonistic effects against bacterial and fungal pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":520671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9697865/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40722050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic Analyses Reveals Molecular Regulation of Photosynthesis by <i>Epichloë</i> endophyte in <i>Achnatherum inebrians</i> under <i>Blumeria graminis</i> Infection.","authors":"Yue Zhu,&nbsp;Shibo Zhu,&nbsp;Fang Zhang,&nbsp;Zhenrui Zhao,&nbsp;Michael J Christensen,&nbsp;Zhibiao Nan,&nbsp;Xingxu Zhang","doi":"10.3390/jof8111201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8111201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photosynthesis is essential for the growth of all green plants, and the presence of an <i>Epichloë</i> endophyte enhances the photosynthesis of <i>Achnatherum inebrians</i> (drunken horse grass, DHG), including when it is under attack by fungal pathogens. However, few studies have examined the mechanism of the increased photosynthetic activity at the molecular level of <i>A. inebrians</i> when it is under pathogen stress. The present study investigated the effects of the presence of the <i>Epichloë</i> endophyte on the net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO₂ concentration, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate of DHG plants under a <i>Blumeria graminis</i> infection condition, and we compared the transcriptomes using RNA sequencing. The results showed that the photosynthetic rate of <i>Epichloë</i> endophyte-infected (E+) plants was higher under the <i>B. graminis</i> infection condition, and also without this pathogen, when it was compared with <i>Epichloë</i> endophyte-free (E-) plants. The E+ plants uninfected with <i>B. graminis</i> had 15 up-regulated unigenes that are involved in photosynthesis which were compared to the E- plants that were uninfected with this pathogen. This suggests that the presence of an <i>Epichloë</i> endophyte up-regulates the genes that are involved in the process of photosynthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":520671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9695909/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40722054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Sfp1 in <i>Candida albicans</i> Cell Wall Maintenance.","authors":"Che-Kang Chang,&nbsp;Min-Chi Yang,&nbsp;Hsueh-Fen Chen,&nbsp;Yi-Ling Liao,&nbsp;Chung-Yu Lan","doi":"10.3390/jof8111196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8111196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cell wall is the first interface for <i>Candida albicans</i> interaction with the surrounding environment and the host cells. Therefore, maintenance of cell wall integrity (CWI) is crucial for <i>C. albicans</i> survival and host-pathogen interaction. In response to environmental stresses, <i>C. albicans</i> undergoes cell wall remodeling controlled by multiple signaling pathways and transcription regulators. Here, we explored the role of the transcription factor Sfp1 in CWI. A deletion of the <i>SFP1</i> gene not only caused changes in cell wall properties, cell wall composition and structure but also modulated expression of cell wall biosynthesis and remodeling genes. In addition, Cas5 is a known transcription regulator for <i>C. albicans</i> CWI and cell wall stress response. Interestingly, our results indicated that Sfp1 negatively controls the <i>CAS5</i> gene expression by binding to its promoter element. Together, this study provides new insights into the regulation of <i>C. albicans</i> CWI and stress response.</p>","PeriodicalId":520671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9692975/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40722049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metagenomics Next Generation Sequencing (mNGS): An Exciting Tool for Early and Accurate Diagnostic of Fungal Pathogens in Plants.","authors":"Fatma Şeyma Gökdemir,&nbsp;Özlem Darcansoy İşeri,&nbsp;Abhishek Sharma,&nbsp;Premila N Achar,&nbsp;Füsun Eyidoğan","doi":"10.3390/jof8111195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8111195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Crop output is directly impacted by infections, with fungi as the major plant pathogens, making accurate diagnosis of these threats crucial. Developing technology and multidisciplinary approaches are turning to genomic analyses in addition to traditional culture methods in diagnostics of fungal plant pathogens. The metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) method is preferred for genotyping identification of organisms, identification at the species level, illumination of metabolic pathways, and determination of microbiota. Moreover, the data obtained so far show that this new approach is promising as an emerging new trend in fungal disease detection. Another approach covered by mNGS technologies, known as metabarcoding, enables use of specific markers specific to a genetic region and allows for genotypic identification by facilitating the sequencing of certain regions. Although the core concept of mNGS remains constant across applications, the specific sequencing methods and bioinformatics tools used to analyze the data differ. In this review, we focus on how mNGS technology, including metabarcoding, is applied for detecting fungal pathogens and its promising developments for the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":520671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9699264/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40722048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phaeosphaeridiols A-C: Three New Compounds from Undescribed <i>Phaeosphaeriaceae</i> sp. SGSF723.","authors":"Lu Si,&nbsp;Yao Liu,&nbsp;Tingting Du,&nbsp;Wei Meng,&nbsp;Lijian Xu","doi":"10.3390/jof8111190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8111190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fungi in forest litter are diverse as decomposers but natural products from these fungi are rarely investigated, especially for their antimicrobial activities against crop diseases. In this study, fungal isolate SGSF723 with antimicrobial activities was cultured. A multi-gene phylogenetic analysis showed SGSF723 was an undescribed species in the family Phaeosphaeriaceae. By bio-guided assay, three new compounds (Phaeosphaeridiols A-C) and two known compounds were purified from the ethyl acetate extract. The structures of Phaeosphaeridiols A-C were elucidated as 2-(2'-butenyl)-5 (3″-pentene)-1,3-benzenediol (<b>1</b>), 2-(2'-butenyl)-5-(3″S,4″S-pentane diol)-1,3-benzenediol (<b>2</b>), and 3-(4'-(2″-butenyl)-3',5'-benzenediol phenol)-2-acrylic acid (<b>3</b>) by 2D NMR, HRESIMS, and Mosher's method. Phaeosphaeridiols A-C exhibited moderate or weak antimicrobial activities against plant pathogens by 96-well plate and spore germination assays.</p>","PeriodicalId":520671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9697633/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40704799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FaSmi1 Is Essential for the Vegetative Development, Asexual Reproduction, DON Production and Virulence of <i>Fusarium asiaticum</i>.","authors":"Yu Zhang,&nbsp;Wenchan Chen,&nbsp;Wenyong Shao,&nbsp;Shishan Tan,&nbsp;Dongya Shi,&nbsp;Hongyu Ma,&nbsp;Changjun Chen","doi":"10.3390/jof8111189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8111189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Smi1 is a protein required for cell cycle progression, morphogenesis, stress response and life span of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>. FaSmi1 was identified as a Smi1 homolog in a wheat scab pathogenic fungus <i>Fusarium asiaticum</i> strain 2021. The deletion of FaSmi1 leads to defects in mycelial growth, asexual reproduction, and virulence. The FaSmi1 deletion mutant also exhibited increased sensitivity to osmotic stresses generated by NaCl and KCl, but increased tolerance to oxidative stresses and cell wall integrity inhibitors. All of these defects were restored by genetic complementation of the mutant with the whole parental <i>FaSmi1</i> gene. Interestingly, the antioxidant system-associated genes exhibit a lower expression level and the mycotoxins' DON content was decreased in the FaSmi1 deletion mutant compared with the parental strain 2021. These results indicate that FaSmi1 plays a critical role in the vegetative development, asexual reproduction, DON production and virulence of <i>F. asiaticum</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":520671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9697231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40704798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yeast Probiotic and Yeast Products in Enhancing Livestock Feeds Utilization and Performance: An Overview.","authors":"Yuanxiang Pang,&nbsp;Hailiang Zhang,&nbsp;Haoyu Wen,&nbsp;Hongbing Wan,&nbsp;Hao Wu,&nbsp;Ying Chen,&nbsp;Shengshuo Li,&nbsp;Le Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaojie Sun,&nbsp;Bichen Li,&nbsp;Xuelian Liu","doi":"10.3390/jof8111191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8111191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intensive use of antibiotics as growth-promoting agents in animal production has resulted in the spread of animal antibiotic resistance and possibly human antibiotic resistance. Based on this premise, it is significant to explore an alternative approach to preventing infectious diseases and promoting animal growth and health. Yeast as the main natural growth promoter in livestock nutrition has been extensively studied for decades. Numerous yeasts and yeast-containing products are produced, marketed, and used in animal feed as providers of nutrient sources, probiotics, and nutrients or serve distinct nutritional functions. A large amount of scientific research suggests that yeasts and their derivatives may be good for animal growth performance and health, especially when animals are housed in poor sanitation or are suffering from disease. However, when yeasts are used as a surrogate for livestock antibiotics, the results vary according to several factors, including yeast species, yeast product components, feed ingredients, animal category, type of symptoms, and differences in the rearing environment. In this review, the effects of different yeasts on different animals will be reviewed. The types of widely used yeast products, their functional characteristics, and application effects will be discussed in order to provide a reference for the development and application of yeast feed products.</p>","PeriodicalId":520671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9695268/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40704800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selenium Improved Phenylacetic Acid Content in Oilseed Rape and Thus Enhanced the Prevention of <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i> by Dimethachlon.","authors":"Huan Zhang,&nbsp;Qin Cheng,&nbsp;Xu Wang,&nbsp;Wei Jia,&nbsp;Jiatao Xie,&nbsp;Guocheng Fan,&nbsp;Chuang Han,&nbsp;Xiaohu Zhao","doi":"10.3390/jof8111193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8111193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i> is a broad-spectrum necrotrophic phytopathogen that can infect many plant species worldwide. The application of fungicides is a common measure for controlling <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i>. Due to the risk of developing resistance to fungicides, it is imperative to find ways to be environmentally friendly and even effective. Using bioactive compounds in plants to reduce the amounts of fungicides has become a clean and sustainable strategy of controlling <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i>. Our study found that selenium in soil mediated the phenylacetic acid-related metabolic pathway in oilseed rape and reduced the incidence rate of <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i>. The growth-inhibition rates of <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i> were observed at 25.82%, 19.67%, and 52.61% for treatments of 0.8 mg·L^-1 dimethachlon, 0.1 mg·mL^-1 phenylacetic acid, and dimethachlon (0.8 mg·L^-1) + phenylacetic acid (0.1 mg·mL^-1), respectively. Phenylacetic acid reduced the application amount of dimethachlon and enhanced the inhibition effect for <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i>. Results also suggested that phenylacetic acid severely damaged the morphological structure, changed the electrical conductivity, and reduced the capacity of acid production and oxalic acid secretion of <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i> mycelium. Further studies revealed that phenylacetic acid increased the gene-expression level of <i>Ssodc1</i>, <i>Ssodc2</i>, <i>CWDE2</i> and <i>CWDE10</i> in mycelium while decreasing the expression level of <i>SsGgt1</i>, and phenylacetic acid + dimethachlon reduced the relative expression level of <i>SsBil</i>. These findings verified that phenylacetic acid could partially replace the amount of dimethachlon, as well as enhance the prevention of <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i> by dimethachlon, which provides evidence for developing an environment-friendly method for <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i> control.</p>","PeriodicalId":520671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9694027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40704801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}