Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)最新文献

{"title":"The Toxicity of Salicylhydroxamic Acid and Its Effect on the Sensitivity of <i>Ustilaginoidea virens</i> to Azoxystrobin and Pyraclostrobin.","authors":"Jiehui Song,&nbsp;Zhiying Wang,&nbsp;Sijie Zhang,&nbsp;Yan Wang,&nbsp;You Liang,&nbsp;Qigen Dai,&nbsp;Zhongyang Huo,&nbsp;Ke Xu","doi":"10.3390/jof8111231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8111231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rice false smut (RFS) caused by <i>Ustilaginoidea virens</i> has been one of the most severe rice diseases. Fungicide-based chemical control is a significant measure to control RFS. In the sensitivity determination of quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicide in vitro, salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) has been commonly added to artificial culture media in order to inhibit alternative oxidase of phytopathogenic fungi. However, some studies showed that artificial media should not include SHAM due to its toxicity. Whether SHAM should be added in the assay of <i>U. virens</i> sensitivity to QoI fungicide remains unknown. In this study, two appropriate media, potato sucrose agar (PSA) and minimal medium (MM), were selected to test SHAM toxicity and sensitivity of <i>U. virens</i> to azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin. The mycelial growth and sensitivity to azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin had no significant difference between on PSA and MM. SHAM could significantly inhibit mycelial growth, conidial germination, peroxidase (POD) and esterase activity of <i>U. virens</i>. Average effective concentration for inhibiting 50% (EC₅₀) values of SHAM against mycelial growth of ten <i>U. virens</i> were 27.41 and 12.75 μg/mL on PSA and MM, respectively. The EC₅₀ values of SHAM against conidial germination of isolates HWD and JS60 were 70.36 and 44.69 μg/mL, respectively. SHAM at 30 μg/mL significantly inhibited POD and esterase activity of isolates HWD and JS60, and even SHAM at 10 μg/mL significantly inhibited POD activity of isolate HWD. In addition, SHAM significantly reduced EC₅₀ values and EC₉₀ values of azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin on both PSA and MM. Even in the presence of SHAM at 10 μg/mL, average EC₅₀ values of ten <i>U. virens</i> isolates for azoxystrobin decreased 1.7-fold on PSA and 4.8-fold on MM, and for pyraclostrobin that decreased 2.8-fold on PSA and 4.8-fold on MM. Therefore, these results suggest that SHAM should not be included in artificial media in the assay of <i>U. virens</i> sensitivity to QoI fungicides.</p>","PeriodicalId":520671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9692728/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40509573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of <i>Phialocephala fortinii</i> in Improving Plants' Phosphorus Nutrition: New Puzzle Pieces.","authors":"Vyacheslav S Mikheev,&nbsp;Irina V Struchkova,&nbsp;Maria N Ageyeva,&nbsp;Anna A Brilkina,&nbsp;Ekaterina V Berezina","doi":"10.3390/jof8111225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8111225","url":null,"abstract":"Plants’ mineral nutrition in acidic soils can be facilitated by phosphate solubilizing fungi inhabiting the root systems of these plants. We attempt to find dark septate endophyte (DSE) isolates in the roots of wild-heather plants, which are capable of improving plants’ phosphorus nutrition levels. Bright-field and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used for the visualization of endophytes. A model system of co-cultivation with Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. was used to study a fungal isolate’s ability to supply plants with phosphorus. Fungal phytase activity and phosphorus content in plants were estimated spectrophotometrically. In V. vitis-idaea L. roots, we obtained a Phialocephala fortinii Wang, Wilcox DSE2 isolate with acid phytase activity (maximum 6.91 ± 0.17 U on 21st day of cultivation on potato-dextrose broth medium) and the ability to accumulate polyphosphates in hyphae cells. The ability of the isolate to increase both phosphorus accumulation and biomass in V. macrocarpon is also shown. The data obtained for the same isolate, as puzzle pieces put together, indicate the possible mediation of P. fortinii DSE2 isolate in the process of phosphorus intake from inorganic soil reserves to plants.","PeriodicalId":520671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9695368/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40484736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Four New Wood-Inhabiting Fungal Species of Peniophoraceae (Russulales, Basidiomycota) from the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, China.","authors":"Lei Zou,&nbsp;Xiaolu Zhang,&nbsp;Yinglian Deng,&nbsp;Changlin Zhao","doi":"10.3390/jof8111227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8111227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Four new fungi of the family Peniophoraceae, viz., <i>Peniophora roseoalba</i>, <i>P. yunnanensis</i>, <i>Vararia daweishanensis</i>, and <i>V. fragilis</i> are herein proposed, based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. <i>Peniophora roseoalba</i> is characterized by resupinate, membranaceous basidiomata with a rose pink to pale pinkish grey hymenophore, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, the presence of cystidia, and ellipsoid basidiospores. However, <i>P. yunnanensis</i> differs in being tuberculate, with a pale cream to cream hymenial surface, small lamprocystidia (18-29 × 4.5-7 µm), and subcylindrical basidiospores. <i>Vararia daweishanensis</i> is characterized by resupinate, membranous basidiomata with a pale yellowish hymenial surface, a dimitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, strongly dextrinoid dichohyphae, and allantoid basidiospores; <i>V. fragilis</i> is characterized by resupinate, brittle basidiomata, with a buff to ochraceous hymenial surface and small ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 3.5-5.5 × 2.5-3.5 µm. Sequences of the ITS and nLSU rRNA markers of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with the maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference methods. The nLSU analysis revealed that the four new species can be clustered into the family Peniophoraceae (Russulales), in the genera <i>Peniophora</i> and <i>Vararia</i>. Further studies based on the ITS dataset showed that four fungi of the family Peniophoraceae were new to science.</p>","PeriodicalId":520671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9693134/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40509570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Cystostereaceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota): A New Genus, Five New Species, and Three New Combinations.","authors":"Yue Li,&nbsp;Karen K Nakasone,&nbsp;Che-Chih Chen,&nbsp;Chang-Lin Zhao,&nbsp;Ting Cao,&nbsp;Hai-Sheng Yuan,&nbsp;Shuang-Hui He","doi":"10.3390/jof8111229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8111229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper aims to understand the species diversity, taxonomy, and phylogeny of Cystostereaceae (Agaricales), which is based primarily on material from East and Southeast Asia. Cystostereaceae is a small, understudied family of saprobes of woody plants with a worldwide distribution. Phylogenetic analyses of the LSU and ITS sequences revealed four distinct clades in the Cystostereaceae, representing the genera <i>Crustomyces</i>, <i>Cystostereum</i>, <i>Effusomyces</i> gen. nov., and <i>Parvodontia</i>. In addition, phylogenetic analyses showed that <i>Cystidiodontia</i> and <i>Rigidotubus</i> are synonyms of <i>Crustomyces</i> for their type of species nested within the <i>Crustomyces</i> clade. The new monotypic genus <i>Effusomyces</i>, based on specimens from Thailand, lacks any distinctive morphological features. <i>Parvodontia</i>, originally erected for a species from South America, is reported for the first time from Asia. The widely distributed and morphologically well-characterized <i>Cystostereum</i> is represented in East Asia by two new species: <i>Cystostereum crassisporum</i> and <i>C. submurrayi</i>. In addition, three new species, viz., <i>Crustomyces albidus</i>, <i>Effusomyces thailandicus</i>, and <i>Parvodontia austrosinensis</i>, are described and illustrated. Finally, three new combinations are proposed: <i>Crustomyces isabellinus</i>, <i>C. laminiferus</i>, and <i>C. tephroleucus</i>. A key to the genera and species of Cystostereaceae is provided. Our results proved that the species diversity of wood-decaying fungi in East and Southeast Asia is rich and suggested that more investigations and studies should be carried out in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":520671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9692535/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40509571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microalgae Harvesting after Tertiary Wastewater Treatment with White-Rot Fungi.","authors":"Anna Civzele,&nbsp;Linda Mezule","doi":"10.3390/jof8111232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8111232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tertiary wastewater treatment with microalgae incorporates environmental sustainability with future technologies and high exploitation costs. Despite the apparent ecological benefits of microalgae-assisted wastewater treatment/biomass-based resource production, technological improvements are still essential to compete with other technologies. Bio-flocculation instead of mechanical harvesting has been demonstrated as an alternative cost-effective approach. So far, mostly filamentous fungi of genus <i>Aspergillus</i> have been used for this purpose. Within this study, we demonstrate a novel approach of using white-rot fungi, with especially high potential of algae-<i>Irpex lacteus</i> complex that demonstrates efficiency with various microalgae species at a broad range of temperatures (5-20 °C) and various pH levels. Harvesting of microalgae from primary and secondary wastewater resulted in 73-93% removal efficiencies within the first 24 h and up to 95% after 48 h. The apparent reuse potential of the algae-<i>I. lacteus</i> pellets further complements the reduced operating costs and environmental sustainability of bio-flocculation technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":520671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9697617/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40509574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geo-Distribution Patterns of Soil Fungal Community of <i>Pennisetum flaccidum</i> in Tibet.","authors":"Guangyu Zhang,&nbsp;Zhenxi Shen,&nbsp;Gang Fu","doi":"10.3390/jof8111230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8111230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Pennisetum flaccidum</i> can be used as a pioneer species for the restoration of degraded grasslands and as a high-quality forage for local yak and sheep in alpine regions. The geographical distribution pattern of soil fungal community can modify that of <i>P. flaccidum</i>. A field survey along 32 sampling sites was conducted to explore the geo-distribution patterns of soil fungal community of <i>P. flaccidum</i> in Tibet. Soil fungal species, phylogenetic and function diversity generally had a closer correlation with longitude/elevation than latitude. The geo-distribution patterns of soil fungal species, phylogenetic and function diversity varied with soil depth. Soil fungal species, phylogenetic and function diversity had dissimilar geo-distribution patterns. Precipitation had stronger impacts on total abundance, species α-diversity, phylogenetic α-diversity, and function β-diversity than temperature for both topsoil (0-10 cm depth) and subtopsoil (10-20 cm depth). Furthermore, precipitation had stronger impacts on function α-diversity for topsoil, species β-diversity for topsoil, and phylogenetic β-diversity for subtopsoil than temperature. The combination of species, phylogenetic and function diversity can better reflect geo-distribution patterns of soil fungal community. Compared to global warming, the impact of precipitation change on the variation in soil fungal community of <i>P. flaccidum</i> should be given more attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":520671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9699603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40509572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pb Transfer Preference of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus <i>Rhizophagus irregularis</i> in <i>Morus alba</i> under Different Light Intensities.","authors":"Wei Ren,&nbsp;Haoqiang Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaoxia Jin,&nbsp;Hongchao Huang,&nbsp;Linxi Zhou,&nbsp;Tingying Xu,&nbsp;Ming Tang","doi":"10.3390/jof8111224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8111224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can improve the lead (Pb) tolerance of host plants and accumulate intensive Pb in mycorrhizal roots. However, the detailed contribution of AM fungal extraradical hyphae to the plants' Pb uptake remains unknown. In this study, mulberry (<i>Morus alba</i>) colonized by the AM fungus (<i>Rhizophagus irregularis</i>) with light treatments were linked by fungal extraradical hyphae using a three-compartment system (pot test), and their differences in responding to Pb application were compared. Shading inhibited mulberry photosynthesis and the growth of mulberry. In this study, Pb application did not affect the colonization of <i>R. irregularis</i> when symbiosis had already formed as the root was not exposed to Pb during the colonization and formation of the AM fungal hyphae network. The <i>R. irregularis</i> preferred to transfer more Pb to the unshaded mulberry than to the shaded mulberry, a condition capable of providing more C supply for fungal survival than to low-light mulberry. The Pb transferred through the mycorrhizal pathway to mulberry had low mobility and might be compartmented in the root by <i>R. irregularis</i> until exceeding a threshold. The relatively high expressions of MaABCG16 with high Pb concentrations in plants suggest that MaABCG16 might play an important role in Pb translocation.</p>","PeriodicalId":520671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9694238/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40484735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Record of <i>Aspergillus fijiensis</i> as an Entomopathogenic Fungus against Asian Citrus Psyllid, <i>Diaphorina citri</i> Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae).","authors":"Jianquan Yan,&nbsp;Hao Liu,&nbsp;Atif Idrees,&nbsp;Fenghao Chen,&nbsp;Huilin Lu,&nbsp;Gecheng Ouyang,&nbsp;Xiang Meng","doi":"10.3390/jof8111222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8111222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Asian citrus psyllid <i>Diaphorina citri</i> Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) is the most widespread and devastating pest species in citrus orchards and is the natural vector of the phloem-limited bacterium that causes Huanglongbing (HLB) disease. Thus, reducing the population of <i>D. citri</i> is an important means to prevent the spread of HLB disease. Due to the long-term use of chemical control, biological control has become the most promising strategy. In this study, a novel highly pathogenic fungal strain was isolated from naturally infected cadavers of adult <i>D. citri</i>. The species was identified as <i>Aspergillus fijiensis</i> using morphological identification and phylogenetic analysis and assigned the strain name GDIZM-1. Tests to detect aflatoxin B₁ demonstrated that <i>A. fijiensis</i> GDIZM-1 is a non-aflatoxin B₁ producer. The pathogenicity of the strain against <i>D. citri</i> was determined under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. The results of the laboratory study indicated that nymphs from the 1st to 5th instar and adults of <i>D. citri</i> were infected by <i>A. fijiensis</i> GDIZM-1. The mortality of nymphs and adults of <i>D. citri</i> caused by infection with <i>A. fijiensis</i> increased with the concentration of the conidial suspension and exposure time, and the median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) and median lethal time (LT₅₀) values gradually decreased. The mortality of <i>D. citri</i> for all instars was higher than 70%, with high pathogenicity at the 7th day post treatment with 1 × 10⁸ conidia/mL. The results of the greenhouse pathogenicity tests showed that the survival of <i>D. citri</i> adults was 3.33% on the 14th day post-treatment with 1 × 10⁸ conidia/mL, which was significantly lower than that after treatment with the <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i> GDIZMMa-3 strain and sterile water. The results of the present study revealed that the isolate of <i>A. fijiensis</i> GDIZM-1 was effective against <i>D. citri</i> and it provides a basis for the development of a new microbial pesticide against <i>D. citri</i> after validation of these results in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":520671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9697456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40484734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silencing of <i>ROT2</i>, the Encoding Gene of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Glucosidase II, Affects the Cell Wall and the <i>Sporothrix schenckii</i>-Host Interaction.","authors":"Luz A López-Ramírez,&nbsp;Iván Martínez-Duncker,&nbsp;Anayeli Márquez-Márquez,&nbsp;Ana P Vargas-Macías,&nbsp;Héctor M Mora-Montes","doi":"10.3390/jof8111220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8111220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> is a member of the <i>Sporothrix</i> pathogenic clade and one of the most common etiological agents of sporotrichosis, a subcutaneous fungal infection that affects both animal and human beings. Like other fungal pathogens, the <i>Sporothrix</i> cell wall is composed of structural polysaccharides and glycoproteins that are covalently modified with both <i>N</i>-linked and <i>O</i>-linked glycans. Thus far, little is known about the <i>N</i>-linked glycosylation pathway in this organism or its contribution to cell wall composition and interaction with the host. Here, we silenced <i>ROT2</i>, which encodes the catalytic subunit of the endoplasmic reticulum α-glucosidase II, a processing enzyme key for the <i>N</i>-linked glycan core processing. Silencing of <i>ROT2</i> led to the accumulation of the Glc₂Man₉GlcNAC₂ glycan core at the cell wall and a reduction in the total content of <i>N</i>-linked glycans found in the wall. However, the highly silenced mutants showed a compensatory mechanism with increased content of cell wall <i>O</i>-linked glycans. The phenotype of mutants with intermediate levels of <i>ROT2</i> silencing was more informative, as they showed changes in the cell wall composition and exposure of β-1.3-glucans and chitin at the cell surface. Furthermore, the ability to stimulate cytokine production by human mononuclear cells was affected, along with the phagocytosis by human monocyte-derived macrophages, in a mannose receptor-, complement receptor 3-, and TLR4-dependent stimulation. In an insect model of experimental sporotrichosis, these mutant cells showed virulence attenuation. In conclusion, <i>S. schenckii ROT2</i> is required for proper <i>N</i>-linked glycosylation, cell wall organization and composition, and interaction with the host.</p>","PeriodicalId":520671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9692468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40484732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Propolis Gel on Mature Biofilm Formed by <i>Neocosmospora keratoplastica</i> Isolated from Onychomycosis.","authors":"Polyana de Souza Costa,&nbsp;Elton Cruz,&nbsp;Flávia Veiga,&nbsp;Isabelle Carrilho Jarros,&nbsp;Melyssa Negri,&nbsp;Terezinha Inez Estivalet Svidzinski","doi":"10.3390/jof8111216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8111216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article describes <i>Neocosmospora keratoplastica</i> as an etiological onychomycosis agent. Ex vivo studies were initially performed to demonstrate the ability of this species to grow and form a well-organized characteristic biofilm on sterilized healthy nails. Based on the history of excellent results, both for antifungal and antibiofilm, of propolis resin gum, we evaluated its activity using artificially formed biofilm. In vitro, the minimal biofilm eradication concentration of the propolis extract (PE) was 375 µg of total polyphenol content (TPC) per mL, while for the propolis gel (PG) it was 450 µg of TPC per mL. In biofilm exposed to the propolis products, a decrease in hyphae and conidia was evident, accompanied by a disorganization of the extracellular matrix. Additionally, this low concentration of PE was able to significantly reduce the number of colony-forming units and the metabolic activity. Furthermore, the treatment of a 15-year nail infection due to <i>N. keratoplastica</i> was carried out exclusively using a topical treatment with a gel containing propolis (30%) with a daily dosage. This treatment achieved complete remission of the onychomycosis in 12 months. It is important to point out that some inconveniences previously reported by other patients treated with propolis extract were eliminated, increasing adherence to treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":520671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9693509/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40482854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}