Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)最新文献

{"title":"Epidemic Identification of Fungal Diseases in <i>Morchella</i> Cultivation across China.","authors":"Xiaofei Shi, Dong Liu, Xinhua He, Wei Liu, Fuqiang Yu","doi":"10.3390/jof8101107","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof8101107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>True morels (<i>Morchella</i>, Pezizales) are world-renowned edible mushrooms (ascocarps) that are widely demanded in international markets. <i>Morchella</i> has been successfully artificially cultivated since 2012 in China and is rapidly becoming a new edible mushroom industry occupying up to 16,466 hectares in the 2021-2022 season. However, nearly 25% of the total cultivation area has annually suffered from fungal diseases. While a variety of morel pathogenic fungi have been reported their epidemic characteristics are unknown, particularly in regional or national scales. In this paper, ITS amplicon sequencing and microscopic examination were concurrently performed on the morel ascocarp lesions from 32 sites in 18 provinces across China. Results showed that <i>Diploöspora longispora</i> (75.48%), <i>Clonostachys solani</i> (5.04%), <i>Mortierella gamsii</i> (0.83%), <i>Mortierella amoeboidea</i> (0.37%) and <i>Penicillium kongii</i> (0.15%) were the putative pathogenic fungi. The long, oval, septate conidia of <i>D. longispora</i> was observed on all ascocarps. Oval asexual spores and sporogenic structures, such as those of <i>Clonostachys</i>, were also detected in <i>C. solani</i> infected samples with high ITS read abundance. Seven isolates of <i>D. longispora</i> were isolated from seven selected ascocarps lesions. The microscopic characteristics of pure cultures of these isolates were consistent with the morphological characteristics of ascocarps lesions. <i>Diploöspora longispora</i> had the highest amplification abundance in 93.75% of the samples, while <i>C. solani</i> had the highest amplification abundance in six biological samples (6.25%) of the remaining two sampling sites. The results demonstrate that <i>D. longispora</i> is a major culprit of morel fungal diseases. Other low-abundance non-host fungi appear to be saprophytic fungi infecting after <i>D. longispora</i>. This study provides data supporting the morphological and molecular identification and prevention of fungal diseases of morel ascocarps.</p>","PeriodicalId":520671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9604896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40661423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcineurin Inhibitors Synergize with Manogepix to Kill Diverse Human Fungal Pathogens.","authors":"Sean D Liston,&nbsp;Luke Whitesell,&nbsp;Mili Kapoor,&nbsp;Karen J Shaw,&nbsp;Leah E Cowen","doi":"10.3390/jof8101102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8101102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Invasive fungal infections have mortality rates of 30-90%, depending on patient co-morbidities and the causative pathogen. The frequent emergence of drug resistance reduces the efficacy of currently approved treatment options, highlighting an urgent need for antifungals with new modes of action. Addressing this need, fosmanogepix (<i>N</i>-phosphonooxymethylene prodrug of manogepix; MGX) is the first in a new class of gepix drugs, and acts as a broad-spectrum, orally bioavailable inhibitor of the essential fungal glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) acyltransferase Gwt1. MGX inhibits the growth of diverse fungal pathogens and causes accumulation of immature GPI-anchored proteins in the fungal endoplasmic reticulum. Relevant to the ongoing clinical development of fosmanogepix, we report a synergistic, fungicidal interaction between MGX and inhibitors of the protein phosphatase calcineurin against important human fungal pathogens. To investigate this synergy further, we evaluated a library of 124 conditional expression mutants covering 95% of the genes encoding proteins involved in GPI-anchor biosynthesis or proteins predicted to be GPI-anchored. Strong negative chemical-genetic interactions between the calcineurin inhibitor FK506 and eleven GPI-anchor biosynthesis genes were identified, indicating that calcineurin signalling is required for fungal tolerance to not only MGX, but to inhibition of the GPI-anchor biosynthesis pathway more broadly. Depletion of these GPI-anchor biosynthesis genes, like MGX treatment, also exposed fungal cell wall (1→3)-β-D-glucans. Taken together, these findings suggest the increased risk of invasive fungal infections associated with use of calcineurin inhibitors as immunosuppressants may be mitigated by their synergistic fungicidal interaction with (fos)manogepix and its ability to enhance exposure of immunostimulatory glucans.</p>","PeriodicalId":520671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9605145/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40646656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Sex and Strain on <i>Pneumocystis murina</i> Fungal Burdens in Mice.","authors":"Nikeya L Macioce-Tisdale,&nbsp;Alan Ashbaugh,&nbsp;Keeley Hendrix,&nbsp;Margaret S Collins,&nbsp;Aleksey Porollo,&nbsp;Melanie T Cushion","doi":"10.3390/jof8101101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8101101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many preclinical studies of infectious diseases have neglected experimental designs that evaluate potential differences related to sex with a concomitant over-reliance on male model systems. Hence, the NIH implemented a monitoring system for sex inclusion in preclinical studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Per this mandate, we examined the lung burdens of <i>Pneumocystis murina</i> infection in three mouse strains in both male and female animals at early, mid, and late time points.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Females in each strain had higher infection burdens compared to males at the later time points.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Females should be included in experimental models studying <i>Pneumocystis</i> spp.</p>","PeriodicalId":520671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9605296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40646655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Various Antagonistic Mechanisms of <i>Trichoderma</i> Strains against the Brown Root Rot Pathogen <i>Pyrrhoderma noxium</i> Infecting Heritage Fig Trees.","authors":"Harrchun Panchalingam,&nbsp;Daniel Powell,&nbsp;Cherrihan Adra,&nbsp;Keith Foster,&nbsp;Russell Tomlin,&nbsp;Bonnie L Quigley,&nbsp;Sharon Nyari,&nbsp;R Andrew Hayes,&nbsp;Alison Shapcott,&nbsp;D İpek Kurtböke","doi":"10.3390/jof8101105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8101105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A wide range of phytopathogenic fungi exist causing various plant diseases, which can lead to devastating economic, environmental, and social impacts on a global scale. One such fungus is <i>Pyrrhoderma noxium</i>, causing brown root rot disease in over 200 plant species of a variety of life forms mostly in the tropical and subtropical regions of the globe. The aim of this study was to discover the antagonistic abilities of two <i>Trichoderma</i> strains (#5001 and #5029) found to be closely related to <i>Trichoderma reesei</i> against <i>P. noxium</i>. The mycoparasitic mechanism of these <i>Trichoderma</i> strains against <i>P. noxium</i> involved coiling around the hyphae of the pathogen and producing appressorium like structures. Furthermore, a gene expression study identified an induced expression of the biological control activity associated genes in <i>Trichoderma</i> strains during the interaction with the pathogen. In addition, volatile and diffusible antifungal compounds produced by the <i>Trichoderma</i> strains were also effective in inhibiting the growth of the pathogen. The ability to produce Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), siderophores and the volatile compounds related to plant growth promotion were also identified as added benefits to the performance of these <i>Trichoderma</i> strains as biological control agents. Overall, these results show promise for the possibility of using the <i>Trichoderma</i> strains as potential biological control agents to protect <i>P. noxium</i> infected trees as well as preventing new infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":520671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9605450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40661421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal Contamination in Microalgal Cultivation: Biological and Biotechnological Aspects of Fungi-Microalgae Interaction.","authors":"Carmen Laezza,&nbsp;Giovanna Salbitani,&nbsp;Simona Carfagna","doi":"10.3390/jof8101099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8101099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the last few decades, the increasing interest in microalgae as sources of new biomolecules and environmental remediators stimulated scientists' investigations and industrial applications. Nowadays, microalgae are exploited in different fields such as cosmeceuticals, nutraceuticals and as human and animal food supplements. Microalgae can be grown using various cultivation systems depending on their final application. One of the main problems in microalgae cultivations is the possible presence of biological contaminants. Fungi, among the main contaminants in microalgal cultures, are able to influence the production and quality of biomass significantly. Here, we describe fungal contamination considering both shortcomings and benefits of fungi-microalgae interactions, highlighting the biological aspects of this interaction and the possible biotechnological applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":520671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9605242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40646653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery of Oleaginous Yeast from Mountain Forest Soil in Thailand.","authors":"Sirawich Sapsirisuk,&nbsp;Pirapan Polburee,&nbsp;Wanlapa Lorliam,&nbsp;Savitree Limtong","doi":"10.3390/jof8101100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8101100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As an interesting alternative microbial platform for the sustainable synthesis of oleochemical building blocks and biofuels, oleaginous yeasts are increasing in both quantity and diversity. In this study, oleaginous yeast species from northern Thailand were discovered to add to the topology. A total of 127 yeast strains were isolated from 22 forest soil samples collected from mountainous areas. They were identified by an analysis of the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit rRNA (LSU rRNA) gene sequences to be 13 species. The most frequently isolated species were <i>Lipomyces tetrasporus</i> and <i>Lipomyces starkeyi</i>. Based on the cellular lipid content determination, 78 strains of ten yeast species, and two potential new yeast that which accumulated over 20% of dry biomass, were found to be oleaginous yeast strains. Among the oleaginous species detected, <i>Papiliotrema terrestris</i> and <i>Papiliotrema flavescens</i> have never been reported as oleaginous yeast before. In addition, none of the species in the genera <i>Piskurozyma</i> and <i>Hannaella</i> were found to be oleaginous yeast. <i>L. tetrasporus</i> SWU-NGP 2-5 accumulated the highest lipid content of 74.26% dry biomass, whereas <i>Lipomyces mesembrius</i> SWU-NGP 14-6 revealed the highest lipid quantity at 5.20 ± 0.03 g L^-1. The fatty acid profiles of the selected oleaginous yeasts varied depending on the strain and suitability for biodiesel production.</p>","PeriodicalId":520671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9605381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40646654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paracoccidioidomycosis: What We Know and What Is New in Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.","authors":"Paulo Mendes Peçanha,&nbsp;Paula Massaroni Peçanha-Pietrobom,&nbsp;Tânia Regina Grão-Velloso,&nbsp;Marcos Rosa Júnior,&nbsp;Aloísio Falqueto,&nbsp;Sarah Santos Gonçalves","doi":"10.3390/jof8101098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8101098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis endemic to Latin America caused by thermodimorphic fungi of the genus <i>Paracoccidioides.</i> In the last two decades, enhanced understanding of the phylogenetic species concept and molecular variations has led to changes in this genus' taxonomic classification. Although the impact of the new species on clinical presentation and treatment remains unclear, they can influence diagnosis when serological methods are employed. Further, although the infection is usually acquired in rural areas, the symptoms may manifest years or decades later when the patient might be living in the city or even in another country outside the endemic region. Brazil accounts for 80% of PCM cases worldwide, and its incidence is rising in the northern part of the country (Amazon region), owing to new settlements and deforestation, whereas it is decreasing in the south, owing to agriculture mechanization and urbanization. Clusters of the acute/subacute form are also emerging in areas with major human intervention and climate change. Advances in diagnostic methods (molecular and immunological techniques and biomarkers) remain scarce, and even the reference center's diagnostics are based mainly on direct microscopic examination. Classical imaging findings in the lungs include interstitial bilateral infiltrates, and eventually, enlargement or calcification of adrenals and intraparenchymal central nervous system lesions are also present. Besides itraconazole, cotrimoxazole, and amphotericin B, new azoles may be an alternative when the previous ones are not tolerated, although few studies have investigated their use in treating PCM.</p>","PeriodicalId":520671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9605487/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40646652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FgLEU1 Is Involved in Leucine Biosynthesis, Sexual Reproduction, and Full Virulence in <i>Fusarium graminearum</i>.","authors":"Shaohua Sun,&nbsp;Mingyu Wang,&nbsp;Chunjie Liu,&nbsp;Yilin Tao,&nbsp;Tian Wang,&nbsp;Yuancun Liang,&nbsp;Li Zhang,&nbsp;Jinfeng Yu","doi":"10.3390/jof8101090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8101090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> is a significant disease among cereal crops. In <i>F. graminearum</i>, biosynthesis of leucine, which is a branched chain amino acid, is achieved by converting α-isopropylmalate to β-isopropylmalate catalyzed by isopropylmalate isomerase encoded by <i>LEU1</i>. Considering the potential for targeting this pathway by fungicides, we characterized the gene <i>FgLEU1</i> (FGSG-09589) in the <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> genome using bioinformatics methods. For functional characterization, we constructed a deletion mutant of <i>FgLEU1</i> (Δ<i>LEU1</i>) through homologous recombination. Compared with the wild-type strain PH-1, Δ<i>LEU1</i> showed slower colony growth and fewer aerial mycelia. Leucine addition was needed to ensure proper mutant growth. Further, Δ<i>LEU1</i> showed decreased conidial production and germination rates, and could not produce ascospores. Moreover, Δ<i>LEU1</i> showed complete loss of pathogenicity and reduced ability to produce deoxynivalenol (DON) and aurofusarin. Upstream and downstream genes of <i>FgLEU1</i> were significantly upregulated in Δ<i>LEU1</i>. Contrary to previous reports, the deletion mutant was more resistant to osmotic stress and cell wall-damaging agents than the wild-type. Taken together, FgLEU1 plays a crucial role in leucine synthesis, aerial mycelial growth, sexual and asexual reproduction, pathogenicity, virulence, and pigmentation in <i>Fusarium graminearum</i>, indicating its potential as a target for novel antifungal agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":520671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9604659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40646209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcription Factors in <i>Aureobasidium</i> spp.: Classification, Regulation and a Newly Built Database.","authors":"Guang Yang,&nbsp;Yuhan Wang,&nbsp;Yaowei Fang,&nbsp;Hongjuan Mo,&nbsp;Zhihong Hu,&nbsp;Xiaoyue Hou,&nbsp;Shu Liu,&nbsp;Zhongwei Chen,&nbsp;Shulei Jia","doi":"10.3390/jof8101096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8101096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transcription factors (TFs) can regulate the synthesis of secondary metabolites through different metabolic pathways in <i>Aureobasidium</i> spp. In this study, a set of 16 superfamilies, 45 PFAM families of TFs with the DNA-binding domains, seven zinc finger families and eight categories of the C2H2 TFs have been identified in <i>Aureobasidium</i> spp. Among all the identified TFs, four superfamilies and six PFAM families are the fungal-specific types in this lineage. The Zn2Cys6 and fungal-specific domain regulators are found to be overwhelmingly predominated, while the C2H2 zinc finger class comprises a smaller regulator class. Since there are currently no databases that allow for easy exploration of the TFs in <i>Aureobasidium</i> spp., based on over 50 references and 2405 homologous TFs, the first TFs pipeline-the <i>Aureobasidium</i> Transcription Factor Database (ATFDB)-has been developed to accelerate the identification of metabolic regulation in various <i>Aureobasidium</i> species. It would be useful to investigate the mechanisms behind the wide adaptability and metabolite diversity of <i>Aureobasidium</i> spp.</p>","PeriodicalId":520671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9605165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40646215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Analysis of Transcriptome and Metabolome Elucidates the Molecular Regulatory Mechanism of Salt Resistance in Roots of <i>Achnatherum inebrians</i> Mediated by <i>Epichloë gansuensis</i>.","authors":"Chao Wang,&nbsp;Rong Huang,&nbsp;Jianfeng Wang,&nbsp;Jie Jin,&nbsp;Kamran Malik,&nbsp;Xueli Niu,&nbsp;Rong Tang,&nbsp;Wenpeng Hou,&nbsp;Chen Cheng,&nbsp;Yinglong Liu,&nbsp;Jie Liu","doi":"10.3390/jof8101092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8101092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salinization of soil is a major environmental risk factor to plant functions, leading to a reduction of productivity of crops and forage. <i>Epichloë gansuensis</i>, seed-borne endophytic fungi, establishes a mutualistic symbiotic relationship with <i>Achnatherum inebrians</i> and confers salt tolerance in the host plants. In this study, analysis of transcriptome and metabolome was used to explore the potential molecular mechanism underlying the salt-adaptation of <i>A. inebrians</i> roots mediated by <i>E. gansuensis</i>. We found that <i>E. gansuensis</i> played an important role in the gene expression of the host's roots and regulated multiple pathways involved in amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, TCA cycle, secondary metabolism, and lipid metabolism in the roots of <i>A. inebrians</i>. Importantly, <i>E. gansuensis</i> significantly induced the biological processes, including exocytosis, glycolytic process, fructose metabolic process, and potassium ion transport in roots of host plants at transcriptional levels, and altered the pathways, including inositol phosphate metabolism, galactose metabolism, starch, and sucrose metabolism at metabolite levels under NaCl stress. These findings provided insight into the molecular mechanism of salt resistance in roots of <i>A. inebrians</i> mediated by <i>E. gansuensis</i> and could drive progress in the cultivation of new salt-resistance breeds with endophytes.</p>","PeriodicalId":520671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9605608/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40646211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}