Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)最新文献

{"title":"Quantitative PCR Effectively Quantifies Triazole-Susceptible and Triazole-Resistant <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> in Mixed Infections.","authors":"Agustin Resendiz-Sharpe,&nbsp;Wannes Van Holm,&nbsp;Rita Merckx,&nbsp;Martine Pauwels,&nbsp;Wim Teughels,&nbsp;Katrien Lagrou,&nbsp;Greetje Vande Velde","doi":"10.3390/jof8111120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8111120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increasing resistance to triazole antifungals in <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> is worrisome because of the associated high mortality of triazole-resistant <i>A. fumigatus</i> (TRAF) infections. While most studies have focused on single triazole-susceptible (WT) or TRAF infections, reports of TRAF cases developing mixed WT and TRAF infections have been described in several studies. However, the prevalence of mixed infections and their responses to current recommended therapies are unknown and could be inappropriate, leading to poor clinical outcomes. To address the urgent need for tools to diagnose, monitor disease development and therapy efficacies in mixed infection settings where quantification of WT versus TRAF is key, this study developed a novel qPCR assay to differentiate WT and TRAF harboring the <i>cyp51A</i>-TR₃₄/L98H mutation. The proposed assay successfully quantified <i>A. fumigatus</i> and discriminated TRAF-TR₃₄ in vitro and in vivo, which was achieved by increasing the yield of extracted DNA through improved homogenization and specific primers targeting the WT-sequence or TR₃₄-insertion and a TaqMan-probe directed to <i>A. fumigatus</i>. The here-developed qPCR assay overcomes sensitivity issues of methodologies such as CFU counts, providing specific, reproducible, and reliable quantitative information to study and follow up the (interplay and individual) effects of mixed <i>A. fumigatus</i> infections on disease development and treatment responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":520671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9696238/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40477729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rad1 and Rad10 Tied to Photolyase Regulators Protect Insecticidal Fungal Cells from Solar UV Damage by Photoreactivation.","authors":"Lei Yu,&nbsp;Si-Yuan Xu,&nbsp;Xin-Cheng Luo,&nbsp;Sheng-Hua Ying,&nbsp;Ming-Guang Feng","doi":"10.3390/jof8111124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8111124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Beauveria bassiana</i> serves as a main source of global fungal insecticides, which are based on the active ingredient of formulated conidia vulnerable to solar ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and restrained for all-weather application in green agriculture. The anti-UV proteins Rad1 and Rad10 are required for the nucleotide excision repair (NER) of UV-injured DNA in model yeast, but their anti-UV roles remain rarely exploredin filamentous fungi. Here, Rad1 and Rad10 orthologues that accumulated more in the nuclei than the cytoplasm of <i>B. bassiana</i> proved capable of reactivating UVB-impaired or UVB-inactivated conidia efficiently by 5h light exposure but incapable of doing so by 24 h dark incubation (NER) if the accumulated UVB irradiation was lethal. Each orthologue was found interacting with the other and two white collar proteins (WC1 and WC2), which proved to be regulators of two photolyases (Phr1 and Phr2) and individually more efficient in the photorepair of UVB-induced DNA lesions than either photolyase alone. The fungal photoreactivation activity was more or far more compromised when the protein-protein interactions were abolished in the absence of Rad1 or Rad10 than when either Phr1 or Phr2 lost function. The detected protein-protein interactions suggest direct links of either Rad1 or Rad10 to two photolyase regulators. In <i>B. bassiana</i>, therefore, Rad1 and Rad10 tied to the photolyase regulators have high activities in the photoprotection of formulated conidia from solar UV damage but insufficient NER activities in the field, where night (dark) time is too short, and no other roles in the fungal lifecycle in vitro and in vivo.</p>","PeriodicalId":520671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9692854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40477731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Shock Waves on the Growth of <i>Aspergillus niger</i> Conidia: Evaluation of Germination and Preliminary Study on Gene Expression.","authors":"Daniel Larrañaga-Ordaz,&nbsp;Miguel A Martínez-Maldonado,&nbsp;Blanca E Millán-Chiu,&nbsp;Francisco Fernández,&nbsp;Eduardo Castaño-Tostado,&nbsp;Miguel Ángel Gómez-Lim,&nbsp;Achim M Loske","doi":"10.3390/jof8111117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8111117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shock waves, as used in medicine, can induce cell permeabilization, genetically transforming filamentous fungi; however, little is known on the interaction of shock waves with the cell wall. Because of this, the selection of parameters has been empirical. We studied the influence of shock waves on the germination of <i>Aspergillus niger</i>, to understand their effect on the modulation of four genes related to the growth of conidia. Parameters were varied in the range reported in protocols for genetic transformation. Vials containing conidia in suspension were exposed to either 50, 100 or 200 single-pulse or tandem shock waves, with different peak pressures (approximately 42, 66 and 83 MPa). In the tandem mode, three delays were tested. To equalize the total energy, the number of tandem \"events\" was halved compared to the number of single-pulse shock waves. Our results demonstrate that shock waves do not generate severe cellular effects on the viability and germination of <i>A. niger</i> conidia. Nevertheless, increase in the aggressiveness of the treatment induced a modification in four tested genes. Scanning electron microscopy revealed significant changes to the cell wall of the conidia. Under optimized conditions, shock waves could be used for several biotechnological applications, surpassing conventional techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":520671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9699263/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40457632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection of an Appropriate In Vitro Susceptibility Test for Assessing Anti-<i>Pythium insidiosum</i> Activity of Potassium Iodide, Triamcinolone Acetonide, Dimethyl Sulfoxide, and Ethanol.","authors":"Hanna Yolanda,&nbsp;Tassanee Lohnoo,&nbsp;Thidarat Rujirawat,&nbsp;Wanta Yingyong,&nbsp;Yothin Kumsang,&nbsp;Pattarana Sae-Chew,&nbsp;Penpan Payattikul,&nbsp;Theerapong Krajaejun","doi":"10.3390/jof8111116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8111116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The orphan but highly virulent pathogen <i>Pythium insidiosum</i> causes pythiosis in humans and animals. Surgery is a primary treatment aiming to cure but trading off losing affected organs. Antimicrobial drugs show limited efficacy in treating pythiosis. Alternative drugs effective against the pathogen are needed. In-house drug susceptibility tests (i.e., broth dilution, disc diffusion, and radial growth assays) have been established, some of which adapted the standard protocols (i.e., CLSI M38-A2 and CLSI M51) designed for fungi. Hyphal plug, hyphal suspension, and zoospore are inocula commonly used in the drug susceptibility assessment for <i>P. insidiosum</i>. A side-by-side comparison demonstrated that each method had advantages and limitations. Minimum inhibitory and cidal concentrations of a drug varied depending on the selected method. Material availability, user experience, and organism and drug quantities determined which susceptibility assay should be used. We employed the hyphal plug and a combination of broth dilution and radial growth methods to screen and validate the anti-<i>P. insidiosum</i> activities of several previously reported chemicals, including potassium iodide, triamcinolone acetonide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and ethanol, in which data on their anti-<i>P. insidiosum</i> efficacy are limited. We tested each chemical against 29 genetically diverse isolates of <i>P. insidiosum</i>. These chemicals possessed direct antimicrobial effects on the growth of the pathogen in a dose- and time-dependent manner, suggesting their potential application in pythiosis treatment. Future attempts should focus on standardizing these drug susceptibility methods, such as determining susceptibility/resistant breakpoints, so healthcare workers can confidently interpret a result and select an effective drug against <i>P. insidiosum</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":520671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9692648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40477290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Issues in Fungal Infections and COVID-19.","authors":"Ana Fernández-Cruz,&nbsp;Eleni Magira","doi":"10.3390/jof8111115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8111115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has brought up a new host for fungal invasive infections [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":520671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9693358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40457631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Associated with Cryptococcosis: A New Challenge during the Pandemic.","authors":"Khee-Siang Chan,&nbsp;Chih-Cheng Lai,&nbsp;Wen-Liang Yu,&nbsp;Chien-Ming Chao","doi":"10.3390/jof8101111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8101111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a great threat to global health. In addition to SARS-CoV-2 itself, clinicians should be alert to the possible occurrence of co-infection or secondary infection among patients with COVID-19. The possible co-pathogens include bacteria, viruses, and fungi, but COVID-19-associated cryptococcosis is rarely reported. This review provided updated and comprehensive information about this rare clinical entity of COVID-19-associated cryptococcosis. Through an updated literature search till 23 August 2022, we identified a total of 18 culture-confirmed case reports with detailed information. Half (n = 9) of them were elderly. Fifteen (83.3%) of them had severe COVID-19 and ever received systemic corticosteroid. Disseminated infection with cryptococcemia was the most common type of cryptococcosis, followed by pulmonary and meningitis. Except one case of <i>C. laurentii</i>, all other cases are by <i>C. neoformans</i>. Liposomal amphotericin B and fluconazole were the most commonly used antifungal agents. The overall mortality was 61.1% (11/18) and four of them did not receive antifungal agents before death. Improving the poor outcome requires a physician's high suspicion, early diagnosis, and prompt treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":520671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9604822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40661426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Description of Four Novel Species in <i>Pleosporales</i> Associated with Coffee in Yunnan, China.","authors":"Li Lu,&nbsp;Samantha C Karunarathna,&nbsp;Dong-Qin Dai,&nbsp;Yin-Ru Xiong,&nbsp;Nakarin Suwannarach,&nbsp;Steven L Stephenson,&nbsp;Abdallah M Elgorban,&nbsp;Salim Al-Rejaie,&nbsp;Ruvishika S Jayawardena,&nbsp;Saowaluck Tibpromma","doi":"10.3390/jof8101113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8101113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Yunnan Province, the coffee-growing regions are mainly distributed in Pu'er and Xishuangbanna. During the surveys of microfungi associated with coffee in Yunnan Province, seven taxa were isolated from coffee samples. Based on molecular phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS, LSU, SSU, <i>rpb</i>2, and <i>tef</i>1-α sequence data and morphological characteristics, four new species viz. <i>Deniquelata yunnanensis</i>, <i>Paraconiothyrium yunnanensis</i>, <i>Pseudocoleophoma puerensis</i>, and <i>Pse</i>. <i>yunnanensis</i>, and three new records viz. <i>Austropleospora keteleeriae</i>, <i>Montagnula thailandica</i>, and <i>Xenocamarosporium acaciae</i> in <i>Pleosporales</i> are introduced. In addition, <i>Paracamarosporium fungicola</i> was transferred back to <i>Paraconiothyrium</i> based on taxonomy and DNA sequences. Full descriptions, illustrations, and phylogenetic trees to show the placement of new and known taxa are provided. In addition, the morphological comparisons of new taxa with closely related taxa are given.</p>","PeriodicalId":520671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9605522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40661864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EUCAST Ibrexafungerp MICs and Wild-Type Upper Limits for Contemporary Danish Yeast Isolates.","authors":"Karin M Jørgensen,&nbsp;Karen M T Astvad,&nbsp;Rasmus K Hare,&nbsp;Maiken C Arendrup","doi":"10.3390/jof8101106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8101106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ibrexafungerp is a novel triterpenoid antifungal that inhibits glucan synthase and thus fungal cell wall synthesis. We examined the in vitro activity against contemporary clinical yeast, investigated inter-laboratory and intra-laboratory variability, suggested wild-type upper-limit values (WT-UL), and compared in vitro activity of ibrexafungerp to five licensed antifungals. Susceptibility to ibrexafungerp and comparators was investigated prospectively for 1965 isolates (11,790 MICs) and repetitively for three QC strains (1764 MICs) following the EUCAST E.Def 7.3.2 method. Elevated ibrexafungerp/echinocandin MICs prompted <i>FKS</i> sequencing. Published ibrexafungerp EUCAST MIC-distributions were retrieved and aggregated for WT-UL determinations following EUCAST principles. Ibrexafungerp MICs were ≤2 mg/L except against <i>C. pararugosa, Cryptococcus</i> and some rare yeasts. Modal MICs (mg/L) were 0.06/0.125/0.25/0.5/0.5/0.5/0.5/1/2 for <i>C. albicans</i>/<i>C. dubliniensis</i>/<i>C. glabrata</i>/<i>C. krusei</i>/<i>C. parapsilosis</i>/<i>C. tropicalis</i>/<i>S. cerevisiae</i>/<i>C. guilliermondii</i>/<i>C. lusitaniae</i> and aligned within ±1 dilution with published values. The MIC ranges for QC strains were: 0.06-0.25/0.5-1/0.125-0.5 for CNM-CL-F8555/ATCC6258/ATCC22019. The WT-UL (mg/L) were: 0.25/0.5/1/1/2 for <i>C. albicans</i>/<i>C. glabrata</i>/<i>C. krusei</i>/<i>C. parapsilosis</i>/<i>C. tropicalis</i>. Adopting these, non-wild-type rates were 0.3%/0.6%/0%/8%/3% for <i>C. albicans</i>/<i>C. glabrata</i>/<i>C. krusei</i>/<i>C. parapsilosis</i>/<i>C. tropicalis</i> and overall lower than for comparators except amphotericin B. Five/six non-wild-type <i>C. albicans</i>/<i>C. glabrata</i> were echinocandin and Fks non-wild-type (F641S, F659del or F659L). Eight <i>C. parapsilosis</i> and three <i>C. tropicalis</i> non-wild-type isolates were echinocandin and Fks wild-type. Partial inhibition near 50% in the supra-MIC range may explain variable MICs. Ibrexafungerp EUCAST MIC testing is robust, although the significance of paradoxical growth for some species requires further investigation. The spectrum is broad and will provide an oral option for the growing population with azole refractory infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":520671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9605171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40661422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Histoplasma capsulatum</i> Activates Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Their Progenitors through a Mechanism Dependent on TLR2, TLR4, and Dectin-1.","authors":"Carolina Rodríguez-Echeverri,&nbsp;Beatriz L Gómez,&nbsp;Ángel González","doi":"10.3390/jof8101108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8101108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), a multipotent and self-renewing population responsible for the generation and maintenance of blood cells, have been the subject of numerous investigations due to their therapeutic potential. It has been shown that these cells are able to interact with pathogens through the TLRs that they express on their surface, affecting the hematopoiesis process. However, the interaction between hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) with fungal pathogens such as <i>Histoplasma capsulatum</i> has not been studied. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine if the interaction of HSPCs with <i>H. capsulatum</i> yeasts affects the hematopoiesis, activation, or proliferation of these cells. The results indicate that HSPCs are able to adhere to and internalize <i>H. capsulatum</i> yeasts through a mechanism dependent on TLR2, TLR4, and Dectin-1; however, this process does not affect the survival of the fungus, and, on the contrary, such interaction induces a significant increase in the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α, and TGF-β, as well as the immune mediators Arg-1 and iNOS. Moreover, <i>H. capsulatum</i> induces apoptosis and alters HSPC proliferation. These findings suggest that <i>H. capsulatum</i> directly modulates the immune response exerted by HPSC through PRRs, and this interaction could directly affect the process of hematopoiesis, a fact that could explain clinical manifestations such as anemia and pancytopenia in patients with severe histoplasmosis, especially in those with fungal spread to the bone marrow.</p>","PeriodicalId":520671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9604687/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40661424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal Pigments: More Insights from Colorful Fungi.","authors":"Laurent Dufossé","doi":"10.3390/jof8101109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8101109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Following the previous Journal of Fungi (ISSN 2309-608X) Fungal Pigments Special Issue edited and published in 2017 (weblink https://www [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":520671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9605529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40661425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}