{"title":"Conformation-Locking in Thiazole-Rich Mixed-Linkage Covalent Organic Frameworks for Spontaneous Exciton Dissociation and Efficient Photocatalysis.","authors":"Liujun Yang, Xu Zhang, Chenfan Xie, Long Zhang, Jiangyue Wang, Qiang Cao, Junwei Yuan, Chen Yu, Liren Gu, Zhigang Ren, Hua Li, Jianmei Lu","doi":"10.1002/anie.4914496","DOIUrl":"10.1002/anie.4914496","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The formidable exciton effect inherent in organic semiconductors fundamentally restricts free charge carrier generation, thereby impeding photocatalytic redox efficiency. Facilitating spontaneous exciton dissociation and lowering exciton binding energy are essential for maximizing charge utilization. Herein, we report a conformation-locking strategy to engineer a thiazole-rich mixed-linkage donor-acceptor conjugated covalent organic framework (SBt-Tapt) via post-synthetic cyclization. The seamless integration of sulfur heteroatoms into a rigid, thiazole-bridged framework significantly enhances π-conjugated and electronic polarizability. Crucially, this structural reinforcement lowers the exciton activation energy below to 25 meV, triggering spontaneous exciton dissociation, extending carrier lifetimes, and yielding a proliferation of free charge carriers at room temperature. Mechanistic insights elucidate that the thiazole moieties synergistically activate adjacent phenyl units for O<sub>2</sub> reduction while simultaneously lowering the energy barrier for H<sub>2</sub>O oxidation at benzothiophene sites. This dual-pathway mechanism drives efficient H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> photosynthesis with robust operational stability exceeding 100 h. Notably, utilizing phenolic pollutants as proton donors, SBt-Tapt delivers an exceptional H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> evolution rate of 8.99 mmol g<sub>cat</sub> <sup>-1</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> alongside effective pollutant mineralization. This study elucidates a profound structure-activity relationship (SAR) and establishes conformation locking as a potent excitonic engineering paradigm for developing high performance organic photocatalysts.</p>","PeriodicalId":520556,"journal":{"name":"Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)","volume":" ","pages":"e4914496"},"PeriodicalIF":16.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148852218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aiqing Sun, Wangda Li, Changshan Bu, Yang Huang, Li-Min Liu, Linhua Hu
{"title":"Transient Regulation of Crystallization via Volatile Additives to Obtain High-Quality Perovskite Films.","authors":"Aiqing Sun, Wangda Li, Changshan Bu, Yang Huang, Li-Min Liu, Linhua Hu","doi":"10.1002/anie.7089275","DOIUrl":"10.1002/anie.7089275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exact regulation of nucleation and crystallization kinetics is essential for fabricating high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, regulating the fast assembly of precursors without incorporating residual impurities presents a significant difficulty. We present an approach of a \"transient kinetic modulation\" strategy employing octafluorotoluene (OCF) to control the crystallization of formamidinium (FA)-based perovskites. Distinct from conventional additives that focus on cations or lead centers, OCF utilizes its electron-deficient perfluorinated aromatic ring to form robust anion-π interactions with iodide ions (I<sup>-</sup>). This interaction effectively sequesters iodide species in the precursor solution, kinetically inhibiting the formation of PbI<sub>3</sub> <sup>-</sup> intermediates and reducing the disordered precipitation of phases. The resultant delayed nucleation and synchronized crystal growth provide perovskite films characterized by markedly increased grain size, alleviated lattice strain, and reduced defect density. Significantly, OCF totally volatilizes during annealing, guaranteeing a pure, residue-free film. Consequently, the optimized devices achieve a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.44% with a high fill factor of 85.27%, alongside exceptional long-term stability, retaining 93% of the initial PCE after 1800 h of ambient aging. This study establishes volatile additive modulation as an effective, non-invasive method for crystallization management.</p>","PeriodicalId":520556,"journal":{"name":"Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)","volume":" ","pages":"e7089275"},"PeriodicalIF":16.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148877230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Symmetry Reconstruction Breaks the Trade-Off Between Spectral Redshift and Broadening in Long-Wavelength Multiple Resonance Emitters.","authors":"Yue Zhang, Panpan Ling, Yu Liu, Chenglong Li, Yincai Xu","doi":"10.1002/anie.2435246","DOIUrl":"10.1002/anie.2435246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long-wavelength multiple resonance (MR) emitters are desirable for high-color-purity organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), yet conventional redshifting strategies often enhance excited-state delocalization and vibronic coupling, leading to spectral broadening. In this study, we present a symmetry reconstruction strategy to break the trade-off between spectral redshift and broadening in MR emitters. Unilateral and bilateral naphthalene-fused π-extension afford SN-BN and DN-BN, respectively, providing a direct platform for correlating excited-state symmetry, vibronic coupling, and emission bandwidth. SN-BN lowers the excited-state energy but disrupts the balanced excited-state hole-electron distribution, inducing partial charge-transfer character and enhanced vibronic coupling. In contrast, DN-BN expands the π-conjugated framework and reconstructs excited-state symmetry, thereby preserving short-range charge-transfer character while suppressing structural relaxation and vibronic coupling. Consequently, DN-BN exhibits yellow emission at 545 nm with an ultranarrow full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 16 nm/0.07 eV and a photoluminescence quantum yield of 90% in toluene. The corresponding OLED achieves yellow electroluminescence at 560 nm with an FWHM of 24 nm, a maximum external quantum efficiency of 23.3%, and efficiency roll-offs of 33.5% and 43.8% at 1000 and 100 000 cd m<sup>-2</sup>, respectively. This work establishes symmetry-reconstructive π-extension as a promising design strategy for high-color-purity, long-wavelength MR emitters.</p>","PeriodicalId":520556,"journal":{"name":"Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)","volume":" ","pages":"e2435246"},"PeriodicalIF":16.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148893324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Bidentate Chelation Strategy for Breaking the Thermodynamic Hydrophobicity-Activity Trade-Off to Boost the Electroreduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to Formate.","authors":"Kang Liu, Zheng Lin, Zhengyi Qian, Xiaoyan Zhang, Mengyu Guo, Longren Wang, Mingzi Sun, Yue Wang, Bolong Huang, Shaojun Guo, Lixue Zhang","doi":"10.1002/anie.9439653","DOIUrl":"10.1002/anie.9439653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Achieving industrially relevant electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> reduction (CO<sub>2</sub>RR) to formic acid requires catalyst that simultaneously exhibits high intrinsic activity and surface hydrophobicity. However, high intrinsic activity is considered thermodynamically contradictory on a hydrophobic surface since high hydrophobicity corresponds to low surface energy, thereby leading to low intrinsic activity. Here we overcome this hydrophobicity-activity trade-off via a bidentate chelation strategy that grafts carboxylic acid molecules with tunable alkyl chain lengths on Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> (XC-BOC, where X denotes the carbon number). The obtained 10C-BOC sustains high hydrophobicity without sacrificing activity. This hydrophobicity-activity balance is achieved by restructuring the interfacial hydrogen-bond (HB) network to suppress the undesired hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and ensure the timely hydrogenation rate for the key *OCHO intermediate, in conjunction with modulating the Bi site electronic structure via the carboxyl-O/Bi bidentate chelation to guarantee the high intrinsic activity. Consequently, 10C-BOC achieves ampere-level performance with FE<sub>HCOO-</sub> > 90% from 100-1000 mA cm<sup>-2</sup>, with an optimal FE<sub>HCOO-</sub> of 97.7% at 600 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> (vs. 83.2% for bare BOC), and maintains FE<sub>HCOO-</sub> > 93% at 200 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> for 200 h. This work offers a general strategy to decouple hydrophobicity from intrinsic activity for advanced CO<sub>2</sub>RR electrocatalysts.</p>","PeriodicalId":520556,"journal":{"name":"Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)","volume":" ","pages":"e9439653"},"PeriodicalIF":16.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148851856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenkai Zhao, Junyi Han, Guangen Fu, Yiming Wang, Quanxing Yao, Ling Yin, Yuxiang Zhao, Shengxu Li, Qiang Ma, Guohui Gao, Wan Yue, Xiaojian Zhu, Paolo Samorì, Tao Zhang
{"title":"2D Covalent Organic Frameworks as Robust n-Type Organic Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conductors for Electrochemical Transistors.","authors":"Wenkai Zhao, Junyi Han, Guangen Fu, Yiming Wang, Quanxing Yao, Ling Yin, Yuxiang Zhao, Shengxu Li, Qiang Ma, Guohui Gao, Wan Yue, Xiaojian Zhu, Paolo Samorì, Tao Zhang","doi":"10.1002/anie.5032409","DOIUrl":"10.1002/anie.5032409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors (OMIECs) with exclusive electrochemical modulation and coupling between ions and electrons have exhibited intriguing efficiencies in bioelectronics, logic circuits, and wearable devices. However, OMIECs are typically linear polymers whose excessive structural swelling and morphological disorder during electrochemical doping led to low performance and instability. Here, we report n-type 2D covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) as novel OMIECs (BTID-BFDO COF and BTDD-BFDO COF). The rigid π-conjugated scaffold functions as both a charge transport pathway and an ion-electron coupling plane, whilst the nanochannels serve as directional conduits for rapid ion transport. 2D OMIECs-based OECTs exhibit favorable threshold voltages (< 0.5 V), I<sub>on</sub>/I<sub>off</sub> ratios (10<sup>3</sup>) and high stability (modulation current retention rate of 91.3% during continuous operation) compared with the linear counterpart (< 10%). More importantly, we elucidate the mechanism underlying in situ ion transport and doping within the rigid porous architectures of 2D OMIECs, establishing a novel design paradigm for robust n-type organic semiconductors.</p>","PeriodicalId":520556,"journal":{"name":"Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)","volume":" ","pages":"e74084"},"PeriodicalIF":16.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148877106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Triple-Site Engineered Heterojunction Photocatalyst for Full-Spectrum NH<sub>3</sub> Synthesis via Synergistic Promotion of Water Oxidation and Nitrate Reduction.","authors":"Yamin Xi, Shunqiong Long, Jing Wang, Chaoqi Zhang, Tianxiang Wang, Tong Bao, Suzhao Liu, Yingying Zou, Yuye Zhao, Chengzhong Yu, Chao Liu","doi":"10.1002/anie.9657393","DOIUrl":"10.1002/anie.9657393","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NitRR) represents a sustainable approach to convert nitrate pollutants to valuable NH<sub>3</sub>. However, the performance of state-of-the-art photocatalysts is hampered by insufficient near-infrared (NIR) light utilization and sluggish kinetics of hydrogenation steps and coupled water-oxygen reaction (WOR). Herein, we report a NIR-response S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst with engineered triple-active sites for NH<sub>3</sub> production. The integration of narrow-bandgap CuS and Co-based metal-organic framework (Co-MOF) into an S-scheme heterojunction enhances the NIR light harvesting and charge separation. At the heterointerface, the Cu and Co sites drive WOR and NitRR, respectively. Acting as a dynamic proton relay, the bridging S sites capture protons from H<sub>2</sub>O to facilitate its dissociation at Cu sites and sequentially transport the protons to Co sites to promote the hydrogenation steps. The synergy of Cu, S, and Co sites thereby induces an interfacial dynamic proton transfer mechanism for balancing the kinetics of the two coupled reactions. Taken together, an NH<sub>3</sub> production rate of 5750.06 µmol g<sup>-1</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> is achieved with an apparent quantum yield of 13.27% at 600 nm and 11.63% at 1000 nm, and a solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency of 0.11%. This work provides valuable perspectives into the design principles of advanced nitrate reduction photocatalysts.</p>","PeriodicalId":520556,"journal":{"name":"Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)","volume":" ","pages":"e9657393"},"PeriodicalIF":16.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148852127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huixia Lv, Zhiwei Xing, Zhuozhi Lai, Qing Guo, Kunkun Ren, Haitao Su, Jiaming Yi, Sai Wang, Qi Sun
{"title":"Carbonyl-Enriched Nonionic Covalent Organic Framework Nanochannels for High-Salinity Ionic Thermoelectrics.","authors":"Huixia Lv, Zhiwei Xing, Zhuozhi Lai, Qing Guo, Kunkun Ren, Haitao Su, Jiaming Yi, Sai Wang, Qi Sun","doi":"10.1002/anie.4046032","DOIUrl":"10.1002/anie.4046032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-salinity electrolytes coupled with low-grade heat offer an attractive opportunity for ionic thermoelectric conversion, yet conventional fixed-charge membranes rapidly lose ion permselectivity in concentrated media because Donnan exclusion is strongly screened. Here, we report an isoreticular series of nonionic covalent organic framework membranes with comparable one-dimensional nanochannels but systematically varied pore-wall oxygen chemistry. Hydroxyl-substitution-regulated hydrazone-to-β-ketoenamine tautomerism generates carbonyl-enriched BthTb-3OH nanochannels, which preferentially partition and transport cations while suppressing anion migration without relying on covalently anchored charges. Across diverse electrolytes, BthTb-3OH exhibits broadly cation-favored transport, with particularly strong cation/anion mobility contrasts in sulfate- and phosphate-containing media. Experiments and molecular dynamics simulations further reveal that the carbonyl-rich channels couple high K<sup>+</sup> permselectivity with rapid K<sup>+</sup> conduction under concentrated-salt conditions. K<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> preconditioning reorganizes the confined transport landscape through retained phosphate/K<sup>+</sup> species within the carbonyl-rich nanochannels, facilitating K<sup>+</sup> transport and amplifying thermodiffusive cation/anion contrast in sulfate media. Consequently, the conditioned membrane delivers a peak power density of 224.2 W m<sup>-2</sup> in saturated K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> under a 50 K temperature difference, establishing nonionic COF nanochannels as a charge-screening-resistant platform for high-salinity ionic thermoelectrics.</p>","PeriodicalId":520556,"journal":{"name":"Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)","volume":" ","pages":"e4046032"},"PeriodicalIF":16.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148852255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Beijia Yuan, Tong Yang, Yanpei Tian, Yulin Xiong, Zhe Lu, Ming Lei, Zijian Zheng, Xinjun Luan, You Yu, Hongqiu Wei
{"title":"Orthogonal Photochemistry-Confined Crystallization Enables Mechanically Robust, Printable Shape-Programmable Polymers.","authors":"Beijia Yuan, Tong Yang, Yanpei Tian, Yulin Xiong, Zhe Lu, Ming Lei, Zijian Zheng, Xinjun Luan, You Yu, Hongqiu Wei","doi":"10.1002/anie.7052006","DOIUrl":"10.1002/anie.7052006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shape-programmable polymers are promising for soft robotics, minimally invasive medicine, and deployable structures. However, integrating high mechanical robustness, versatile shape programmability, and excellent printability into a single material system remains challenging. Here, an orthogonal photochemistry-confined crystallization strategy is developed to fabricate mechanically robust, printable shape-programmable polymers. This approach utilizes a rationally designed photochemical process to trigger radical polymerization and phenol coupling synchronously yet orthogonally, enabling one-step formation of a covalent double-network that efficiently confines polymer crystallization during solvent evaporation. The resulting homogeneous, refined crystalline domains greatly enhance stretchability (1891%) and toughness (41 MJ m<sup>-</sup> <sup>3</sup>) by up to 63- and 103-fold, respectively, compared to counterparts lacking network confinement, while also maintaining fatigue resistance over 1500 stretching cycles. The synergy between confined crystallization and double-network confinement further confers shape reconfiguration and shape‑memory morphing, affording robust shape programmability under thermal stimuli. Moreover, the efficient photo‑mediated gelation, coupled with solvent evaporation, enables rapid and controllable solidification fully compatible with additive manufacturing. Leveraging these capabilities, and as a proof-of-concept, the developed polymers are printed and assembled into bioinspired soft actuators capable of integrated active actuation and precise sensing. This work provides new insight into the photochemical design of high-performance shape-programmable polymers and advanced soft devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":520556,"journal":{"name":"Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)","volume":" ","pages":"e7052006"},"PeriodicalIF":16.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148852307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jie-Yu Yue, Yan Guo, Zi-Shuo Xu, Jing Lin, Peng Yang, Bo Tang
{"title":"Conjugation-Controlled Ion Response in One-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks for Seawater Photocatalysis.","authors":"Jie-Yu Yue, Yan Guo, Zi-Shuo Xu, Jing Lin, Peng Yang, Bo Tang","doi":"10.1002/anie.7279758","DOIUrl":"10.1002/anie.7279758","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from seawater offers a sustainable route for energy production, yet the role of dissolved ions in modulating carrier dynamics remains poorly understood. Herein, we demonstrate conjugation-controlled ion responses that regulate charge separation in one-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (1D COFs) through ion-induced polarization for seawater photocatalysis. Two COFs featuring localized (DHP-COF) and extended (DHPD-COF) conjugation are constructed. In natural seawater, DHP-COF achieves 246.9 mmol g<sup>-1</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> for hydrogen evolution, 5.03-fold higher than in pure water (49.1 mmol g<sup>-1</sup> h<sup>-1</sup>), whereas DHPD-COF shows only 2.48-fold enhancement (from 38.9 to 96.5 mmol g<sup>-1</sup> h<sup>-1</sup>), revealing markedly stronger ion-responsive sensitivity in the locally conjugated framework. Mechanistic investigations reveal that localized conjugation preserves spatially inhomogeneous polar domains arising from segmented π-electron distribution, enabling strong coupling with seawater ions and thereby amplifying local dipoles to generate enhanced internal electric fields for efficient charge separation. In contrast, extended π-delocalization leads to electronic homogenization that attenuates ion-induced polarization. Beyond hydrogen production, this system simultaneously achieves chemoselective hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds to high-value pharmaceutical intermediates in natural seawater/CH<sub>3</sub>OH. These findings establish conjugation-controlled ion response as a key design principle for charge separation in saline photocatalysis and provide general guidelines for environment-adaptive catalysts.</p>","PeriodicalId":520556,"journal":{"name":"Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)","volume":" ","pages":"e7279758"},"PeriodicalIF":16.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148852219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yijing He, Fan Zhang, Huixi Wang, Yue Yang, Keyu Shao, Kai-Bo Wang, Xiaoyi Chen, Haixiang Yu, Bin Di
{"title":"Evolving an Aptameric Nose for Synthetic Cannabinoids Through Modular Reprogramming of Specificity.","authors":"Yijing He, Fan Zhang, Huixi Wang, Yue Yang, Keyu Shao, Kai-Bo Wang, Xiaoyi Chen, Haixiang Yu, Bin Di","doi":"10.1002/anie.6031066","DOIUrl":"10.1002/anie.6031066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Discerning subtle structural differences among highly similar small molecules remains a major challenge for synthetic receptors. Natural olfactory systems solve this problem using cross-reactive receptor families that combine a conserved docking core with hypervariable specificity domains. Despite the modular nature of nucleic acid aptamers, the variable supporting domains have largely been viewed as inert scaffolds, whereas the conserved regions have been the main focus of functional studies. Here, we demonstrate that these supporting domains actively govern fine-structural selectivity, thereby decoupling specificity from core binding affinity and enabling modular reprogramming of recognition. Guided by this insight, we emulated natural receptor evolution by screening a structure-biased library with randomized peripheral domains, thus building a family of structurally homologous, cross-reactive aptamers against synthetic cannabinoids. When assembled into a machine-learning-guided sensor array, termed an \"aptameric nose\", this repertoire produces distinct yet correlative response patterns for closely related analogs. The array robustly discriminates these compounds and adaptively identifies emerging new variants. Through modular reprogramming, we engineer artificial receptor families that keep pace with continuously diversifying chemical threats, offering a powerful analytical tool for forensic, clinical, and environmental monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":520556,"journal":{"name":"Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)","volume":" ","pages":"e6031066"},"PeriodicalIF":16.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148852226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}