{"title":"On-Target Photoassembly of Pyronin Dyes for Super-Resolution Microscopy.","authors":"Gergely Knorr, Mariano L Bossi, Stefan W Hell","doi":"10.1002/anie.202506894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202506894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Controlled photoactivation is an auspicious and emerging approach in super-resolution microscopy, offering virtually zero background signal from the marker prior to activation. Pyronins are well-established fluorophores, but due to their inherent intercalating tendency towards nucleic acids, their use has been mostly avoided in super-resolution microscopy. Here, we describe a new class of diaryl ether and diaryl silane molecules that upon photoactivation close into fluorescent (silicon-)pyronins and term them Pyronin Upon Light Irradiation (PULI). This concept exploits the outstanding photophysical properties of pyronins (bright, photostable, and optimal spectral features for standard microscopes), while overcoming their major drawback (intrinsic affinity of accumulating in the nucleus and around RNA) for the design of fluorescent markers for imaging applications. Furthermore, we also demonstrate that this approach is applicable to their Si-bridged analogues, extending this family of photoactivatable molecules to the far-red regime. The versatility of our approach was also highlighted by tagging diverse biological targets in cells and visualizing them using advanced super-resolution microscopy techniques, such as PALM, STED, and MINFLUX.</p>","PeriodicalId":520556,"journal":{"name":"Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)","volume":" ","pages":"e202506894"},"PeriodicalIF":16.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145031552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M A Sachini N Weerasinghe, Parker Anthony McBeth, Michelle C Mancini, Dominik Konkolewicz
{"title":"Changing Self-Assembly Through Degradation: Phenyl Vinyl Ketone Polymer Nanoparticles Under Light.","authors":"M A Sachini N Weerasinghe, Parker Anthony McBeth, Michelle C Mancini, Dominik Konkolewicz","doi":"10.1002/anie.202514545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202514545","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photodegradable nanoparticles with sphere, worm, and vesicle morphologies were synthesized following polymerization induced self-assembly (PISA), incorporating a photoresponsive phenyl vinyl ketone (PVK) block and a nonphoto responsive 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylamide (HPMA) block. The photodegradation of nanoparticles under UV revealed that the initial shapes of sphere and vesicle particles are retained even until 7 h and after 24 h of photo-induced degradation, respectively, despite a significant reduction in molecular weight (M<sub>n</sub>). This could be due to the assembly of degraded PVK fragments in the hydrophobic region, maintaining the relative hydrophilic to hydrophobic ratio. However, worm nanoparticles exhibited a fast morphology reversal after 2 min of degradation, yielding sphere nanoparticles. Therefore, photo responsive PVK nanoparticles with morphology and conversion-dependent degradation behavior were explored. Furthermore, undegraded and degraded nanoparticle coatings exhibited different surface properties, determined by contact angle measurements, with both morphology and degradation impacting the surface properties. Finally, the PVK nanoparticles could encapsulate molecules and release them upon degradation. Therefore, this study can ultimately be applied to numerous fields due to the potential uses of degradable polymers in various material systems, especially for the controlled release of agrochemicals, cleaning agents, or antifungal agents, as well as to enable surface modifications upon degradation.</p>","PeriodicalId":520556,"journal":{"name":"Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)","volume":" ","pages":"e202514545"},"PeriodicalIF":16.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145025048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qie Liu, Liyuan Gong, Jingjing Wang, Luyao Ma, Yandong Wu, Yu-Cheng Huang, Ta Thi Thuy Nga, Yabin Xu, Zuyao Jiang, Shiqian Du, Hongjing Zhong, Yanjing Wang, Miaoyu Li, Chung-Li Dong, Guobin Wen, Li Tao, Shuangyin Wang
{"title":"Electrochemistry-Accelerated Water-Gas Shift Reaction on IrN<sub>4</sub>-RhN<sub>4</sub> Dual Sites Catalysts for Efficient Hydrogen Production.","authors":"Qie Liu, Liyuan Gong, Jingjing Wang, Luyao Ma, Yandong Wu, Yu-Cheng Huang, Ta Thi Thuy Nga, Yabin Xu, Zuyao Jiang, Shiqian Du, Hongjing Zhong, Yanjing Wang, Miaoyu Li, Chung-Li Dong, Guobin Wen, Li Tao, Shuangyin Wang","doi":"10.1002/anie.202517292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202517292","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The water-gas shift reaction (WGSR) is crucial to the hydrogen economy, which is hampered by the harsh conditions and complicated purification process. In this work, the spatially separated efficient CO conversion and high-purity H<sub>2</sub> production are realized by electrochemistry-accelerated water-gas shift reaction (WGSR) with IrN<sub>4</sub>-RhN<sub>4</sub> dual sites single atom catalysts (IrRh-NC) in high-temperature polymer-electrolyte-membrane electrolyzer. In this reaction, the Ir single atoms in the catalysts can rapidly dissociate H<sub>2</sub>O at an extremely low potential to supply abundant *OH, which ensures the *OH groups bind to the spontaneously adsorbed *CO on neighboring Rh sites to further accelerate CO conversion. What's more, the elevated temperatures (120-300 °C) maintain water in the gaseous state during the reaction, thus greatly facilitating mass transfer of the reactants CO and H<sub>2</sub>O within the reactor. Employing IrRh-NC as the anodic catalyst, the electrolyzer achieves superior CO catalytic performance (424 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> at 0.4 V) and high purity (99.9%) H<sub>2</sub> production (3.2 ml min<sup>-1</sup>), surpassing the performance of particle catalysts. This work illuminates the tantalizing possibility for sustainable hydrogen economic development.</p>","PeriodicalId":520556,"journal":{"name":"Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)","volume":" ","pages":"e202517292"},"PeriodicalIF":16.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jorit Obenlüneschloß, Nils Boysen, Karl Rönnby, Arbresha Muriqi, Volker Hoffmann, Carlos Abad, Detlef Rogalla, Ulrike Brokmann, Edda Rädlein, Michael Nolan, Anjana Devi
{"title":"Rare Mononuclear Lithium-Carbene Complex for Atomic Layer Deposition of Lithium Containing Thin Films.","authors":"Jorit Obenlüneschloß, Nils Boysen, Karl Rönnby, Arbresha Muriqi, Volker Hoffmann, Carlos Abad, Detlef Rogalla, Ulrike Brokmann, Edda Rädlein, Michael Nolan, Anjana Devi","doi":"10.1002/anie.202513066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202513066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lithium is the core material of modern battery technologies and fabricating the lithium-containing materials with atomic layer deposition (ALD) confers significant benefits in control of film composition and thickness. In this work, a new mononuclear N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) stabilized lithium complex, [Li(<sup>tBu</sup>NHC)(hmds)], is introduced as a promising precursor for ALD of lithium-containing thin films. Structural characterization is performed, comparing density functional theory (DFT) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD), confirming a rare mononuclear structure. Favorable thermal properties for ALD applications are evidenced by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The compound exhibits a low melting point, clean evaporation, and its volatility parameters are encouraging compared to other lithium precursors. ALD trials using [Li(<sup>tBu</sup>NHC)(hmds)] with ozone demonstrate its effectiveness in depositing LiSi<sub>x</sub>O<sub>y</sub> films. The ALD process exhibits a saturated growth per cycle (GPC) of 0.95 Å. Compositional analysis using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry/nuclear reaction analysis (RBS/NRA), X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS), and glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (GD-OES), confirms the presence of lithium and silicon in the expected ratios. This work not only presents a new ALD precursor but also contributes to the understanding of lithium chemistry, offering insights into the intriguing coordination chemistry and thermal behavior of lithium complexes stabilized by NHC ligands.</p>","PeriodicalId":520556,"journal":{"name":"Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)","volume":" ","pages":"e202513066"},"PeriodicalIF":16.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Song Chen, Fangrui Yu, Hongli Deng, Wei Chen, Hongtao Sun, Jian Zhu, Bingan Lu
{"title":"Selective Catalysis-Mediated Interface to Stabilize Antimony Atom-Cluster Anode for Robust Potassium-Ion Batteries.","authors":"Song Chen, Fangrui Yu, Hongli Deng, Wei Chen, Hongtao Sun, Jian Zhu, Bingan Lu","doi":"10.1002/anie.202511870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202511870","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Controlling the electrode-electrolyte interfacial behavior is crucial for achieving a high-quality solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and ensuring sustainable battery performance. Here, we propose a selective catalysis strategy to stabilize antimony atom-cluster (Sb<sub>SA-AC</sub>) anode/electrolyte interface for robust potassium-ion batteries (PIBs). Specifically, the electrode featuring Sb<sub>SA-AC</sub> in porous carbon (Sb<sub>SA-AC</sub>/PC) as \"electrocatalyst\" unduly catalyzes the reduction of the dimethyl ether-based electrolyte, resulting in loose SEI layer and rapid capacity decay. While in triethyl phosphate-based electrolyte, the Sb<sub>SA-AC</sub>/PC selectively catalyzes the preferential decomposition of anions and the polymerization of solvent molecules, leading to a bilayer SEI with inner inorganic-rich components and an outer elastic polyphosphate layer, which improve the interface stability and electrochemical performance. Thus, the Sb<sub>SA-AC</sub>/PC maintains a long-term stability over 12 months and demonstrates long-cycling stability over 4000 cycles with a capacity retention of 96%. This research establishes a correlation between electrode/electrolyte interactions and SEI characteristics, providing a new insight for advanced interface engineering in high-performance PIBs and beyond.</p>","PeriodicalId":520556,"journal":{"name":"Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)","volume":" ","pages":"e202511870"},"PeriodicalIF":16.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A \"Cocktail\" Fluorescent Probe for Multi-ROS Imaging Unveils Ferroptosis-Driven Liver Fibrosis Development.","authors":"Hui Wang, Hongtong Wang, Tiancong Xiu, Xiaoting Zhang, Yue Tang, Wei Zhang, Wen Zhang, Ping Li, Bo Tang","doi":"10.1002/anie.202506728","DOIUrl":"10.1002/anie.202506728","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liver fibrosis is a pathological repair response to chronic liver injury and may progress to cirrhosis, liver failure, or hepatocellular carcinoma if untreated. Currently, no approved therapies specifically target advanced liver fibrosis, thus exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying liver fibrosis has become crucial. Previous studies have highlighted significant controversy regarding the role of ferroptosis in liver fibrosis. Given that reactive oxygen species (ROS) serve as key mediators to both processes, ROS may serve as a molecular nexus connecting ferroptosis and liver fibrosis. To comprehensively elucidate the molecular network involving ROS and ferroptosis in liver fibrosis, we designed and synthesized the first multi-functional \"cocktail\" fluorescence probe, FP-ROS, enabling highly sensitive and selective simultaneous imaging of O<sub>2</sub> <sup>•-</sup>, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, and ONOO<sup>-</sup>. FP-ROS was successfully employed to assess ferroptosis levels in the livers of fibrosis mice following drug intervention. Combining transcriptomic and proteomic analyses, we elucidated the signaling pathway NOX→ONOO<sup>-</sup>→GCLM(C46)→GSH→ferroptosis→hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation. This study demonstrates that ferroptosis plays a critical role in HSCs activation and further elucidates the molecular interplay between ROS and ferroptosis in fibrosis progression. These findings provide novel insights into the diagnosis and therapeutic strategies for liver fibrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":520556,"journal":{"name":"Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)","volume":" ","pages":"e202506728"},"PeriodicalIF":16.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144510258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Feiyang Liu, Lingyan Liu, Mengfan Zhang, Jinzi Li, Mingxin Li, Peng Wei, Tao Yi
{"title":"A Multivalent Targeting Strategy for Developing Reactive Oxygen Species-Activated Tumor-Seeking Probe to Guide Precise Surgical Resection.","authors":"Feiyang Liu, Lingyan Liu, Mengfan Zhang, Jinzi Li, Mingxin Li, Peng Wei, Tao Yi","doi":"10.1002/anie.202510441","DOIUrl":"10.1002/anie.202510441","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Optical molecular imaging with near-infrared (NIR) dyes provides a promising strategy for the visual detection of tumor tissues. However, conventional molecular probes often suffer from poor targeting specificity and low signal contrast during tumor detection. In this work, we developed a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-activated tumor-seeking probe (termed MB-PEG-Bio2) based on a multivalent biotin-targeting strategy. A bivalent biotin-targeting ligand was bonded to an ROS-responsive molecular scaffold to maximize receptor-ligand interactions, resulting in significantly stronger tumor affinity and selectivity of the probe. The optical signal of the proposed probe was initially masked and could be selectively activated by overexpressed ROS levels in the tumor microenvironment. This activation led to the specific release of the clinical dye methylene blue (MB), offering high-contrast NIR fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging signals for precise tumor visualization. MB-PEG-Bio2 demonstrated strong tumor selectivity, enabling the detection of tumors in different mice models, including accurate identification of small tumors (∼3 mm). Consequently, the probe could delineate tumor boundaries during fluorescence-guided surgery, significantly reducing postoperative tumor recurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":520556,"journal":{"name":"Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)","volume":" ","pages":"e202510441"},"PeriodicalIF":16.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144510260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ajit Kumar Bishoyi, Jacq van Neer, Salima Bahri, Sophie Lorenz, Hans de Cock, Marc Baldus
{"title":"Solid-State NMR Reveals Reorganization of the Aspergillus fumigatus Cell Wall Due to a Host-Defence Peptide.","authors":"Ajit Kumar Bishoyi, Jacq van Neer, Salima Bahri, Sophie Lorenz, Hans de Cock, Marc Baldus","doi":"10.1002/anie.202509012","DOIUrl":"10.1002/anie.202509012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The limited availability of antifungal drug treatments and the rising issue of drug resistance highlight the urgent need for new antifungal drugs to combat drug-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus. The host-defence peptide cathelicidin-2 has demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect on azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus but its mechanism of action remains elusive. We applied a tailored set <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C detected solid state nuclear magnetic resonance experiments to elucidate the cell wall composition of Aspergillus fumigatus and to shed light on the mechanism of action of the peptide within the cell wall. Our results revealed that presence of the peptide affects galactosaminogalactan, an important component involved in the pathogenesis of invasive aspergillosis, as well as other specific polysaccharides and amino acids within the mobile cell wall domain. At longer exposure times, the peptide also influences the rigid cell wall domains by enhancing water penetration into the hydrophobic rigid cell wall domain. The findings reveal how the peptide can reach the plasma membrane and may aid the design of novel antifungal drugs with enhanced efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":520556,"journal":{"name":"Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)","volume":" ","pages":"e202509012"},"PeriodicalIF":16.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12377432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144510266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liancheng Hu, Yimin Cai, Xuwen Guo, Li Wang, Yongjie Jiang, Xiaowei Li, Ning Liu, Wen Feng, Lihua Yuan
{"title":"A Macrocycle-Based Supramolecular Strategy for Interchangeable Screwdriver-Like on-Demand Post-Functionalization of Covalent Organic Framework.","authors":"Liancheng Hu, Yimin Cai, Xuwen Guo, Li Wang, Yongjie Jiang, Xiaowei Li, Ning Liu, Wen Feng, Lihua Yuan","doi":"10.1002/anie.202510534","DOIUrl":"10.1002/anie.202510534","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Constructing functionalized covalent organic frameworks (COFs) through post-functionalization constitutes one of the most important approaches to applications, but is frequently plagued by limited reaction types, tedious synthesis of different precursors, and time-consuming screening of synthetic parameters for COFs. Moreover, their functions are difficult to change once the functionalities are covalently attached to COF skeletons. Herein, we report a macrocycle-based supramolecular strategy for variable noncovalent post-functionalization on the same COF platform like an interchangeable screwdriver. As a proof of concept, pillar[5]arene (P5A) with electron-rich cavity is incorporated into COF as macrocycle host to anchor different electron-deficient guests of various functions. Such a design allows tunable post-functionalization of COF through host-guest interactions for customized utilities, which has been demonstrated by using a series of guests including organic salts for iodine capture and cyano-based ligands for metal ion separation. Removing the guests enables recycling of COF, consecutive reinstallation of different guests, and continuous use for implementing expected tasks. This work establishes a general noncovalent approach to on-demand interchangeable post-functionalization of COFs.</p>","PeriodicalId":520556,"journal":{"name":"Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)","volume":" ","pages":"e202510534"},"PeriodicalIF":16.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144510259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qiao Hu, Jianjun Du, Syed Ali Abbas Abedi, Xiaogang Liu, Saran Long, Wen Sun, Jiangli Fan, Xiaojun Peng
{"title":"Unveiling the Power of Dark State Photocages: An Efficient Pathway to Triplet State Under Near-Infrared Light Irradiation.","authors":"Qiao Hu, Jianjun Du, Syed Ali Abbas Abedi, Xiaogang Liu, Saran Long, Wen Sun, Jiangli Fan, Xiaojun Peng","doi":"10.1002/anie.202504670","DOIUrl":"10.1002/anie.202504670","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The photocage platform provides a synergistic approach to photodynamic therapy (PDT) and chemotherapy. Before light activation, both pro-photosensitizers and pro-drugs remain inert, ensuring safety. Upon near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation, they undergo photoactivation and controlled release in deep tissues. However, the low photolysis efficiency of conventional singlet-state photocages limits their in vivo applications, necessitating an exploration of how excited-state dynamics influence photolysis. In this study, we introduce the concept of a \"dark state photocage\" and establish a photocage platform responsive to NIR light by incorporating phenoxazine or phenothiazine groups. Mechanistic investigations reveal that the dark state enhances triplet-state formation and facilitates intersystem crossing, thereby promoting photolysis. These photocages achieve functional molecule release under low-power NIR light (15 mW cm⁻<sup>2</sup>), with an efficiency of up to 90%. This advancement enables a sharp transition from an \"OFF\" to an \"ON\" tumor imaging signal and significantly enhances the therapeutic efficacy against triple-negative breast cancer under NIR light irradiation, effectively integrating PDT and chemotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":520556,"journal":{"name":"Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)","volume":" ","pages":"e202504670"},"PeriodicalIF":16.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144510289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}