Vingtieme Siecle-Revue d Histoire最新文献_第4页

Comment faire la révolution en Amérique latine ?: Les communistes chiliens face à la révolution cubaine (1959-1970) 如何在拉丁美洲进行革命:智利共产党面对古巴革命(1959-1970)

Vingtieme Siecle-Revue d Histoire Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.3917/ving.140.0109

Rafael Pedemonte

{"title":"Comment faire la révolution en Amérique latine ?: Les communistes chiliens face à la révolution cubaine (1959-1970)","authors":"Rafael Pedemonte","doi":"10.3917/ving.140.0109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/ving.140.0109","url":null,"abstract":"francaisDans les annees 1960, loin de constituer un conflit purement bipolaire gauche/droite, la guerre froide en Amerique latine engendre aussi des tensions au sein du marxisme continental. La revolution cubaine, qui definit des 1960 un schema theorique (le foco) defiant le « communisme orthodoxe » incarne par l’URSS, n’est pas toujours percue comme un modele incontournable du communisme hemispherique. Le Parti communiste du Chili, dirige par Luis Corvalan qui prone une « voie pacifique vers la revolution », reagit face a la radicalite du discours cubain faisant de la lutte armee le seul moyen d’atteindre la victoire revolutionnaire, ce qui declenche d’intenses controverses, dont la bruyante « affaire Neruda » en 1966. EnglishDuring the 1960s, the Cold War was much more than a bipolar conflict between the Left and the Right. In Latin America, the Cold War also gave rise to tensions amongst Marxists. The Cuban Revolution, which from 1960 onwards demonstrated a revolutionary possibility (the theory of focalism) and came to challenge “orthodox Communism” as embodied by the USSR, was not always seen as the quintessential model by Latin American Communists. The Chilean Communist Party led by Luis Corvalan – who championed a peaceful path to revolution – countered Cuba’s radical discourse, which emphasised armed struggle as the only means to achieve a revolutionary victory. The notorious retaliation of Cuban Communists against Neruda in 1966 epitomised the apex of these tensions.","PeriodicalId":51845,"journal":{"name":"Vingtieme Siecle-Revue d Histoire","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87839602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Historiciser les images soviétiques de la Shoah (Estonie, Lituanie, 1944-1948) 将苏联的大屠杀形象历史化(爱沙尼亚，立陶宛，1944-1948)

Vingtieme Siecle-Revue d Histoire Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.3917/ving.139.0059

Irina Tcherneva

引用次数: 0

Des ethnographes anxieux: Pratiques quotidiennes du pouvoir au Congo belge, 1930-1940 焦虑的民族志学家:1930-1940年比属刚果的日常权力实践

Vingtieme Siecle-Revue d Histoire Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.3917/VING.140.0041

B. Henriet

{"title":"Des ethnographes anxieux: Pratiques quotidiennes du pouvoir au Congo belge, 1930-1940","authors":"B. Henriet","doi":"10.3917/VING.140.0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/VING.140.0041","url":null,"abstract":"EnglishDrawing on three case studies, this article delves into the use of “ethnographic” techniques in the day-to-day exercise of power in the Belgian Congo during the 1930s. In the Kwango-Kwilu area, local officials tried to retrace clan genealogies in order to provide a basis for forced population displacements. The enquiry following the murder of a field agent sheds light on the administration’s lack of knowledge regarding local cosmogonies and power dynamics. Finally, the repression of the millenarian movement Lukusu reveals the anxiety that stemmed from this ignorance among colonial public servants. Each case study also highlights the ability of Congolese communities to counter and circumvent the hegemonic ambitions of imperial actors. francaisA travers trois etudes de cas, cet article se penche sur l’usage de techniques « ethnographiques » dans l’exercice quotidien du pouvoir au Congo belge, pendant les annees 1930. Dans le Kwango-Kwilu, des fonctionnaires territoriaux tentent de retracer des genealogies claniques afin de servir de support a des deplacements forces de population. L’enquete suivant le meurtre d’un agent de l’Etat fait montre du manque de connaissance des cosmogonies et des dynamiques locales par l’administration. Enfin, la repression du mouvement millenariste Lukusu fait etat de l’anxiete fruit de cette ignorance au sein du corps colonial. Chaque cas met ainsi en lumiere la capacite des Congolais a contrer et a contourner les ambitions hegemoniques de la puissance occupante.","PeriodicalId":51845,"journal":{"name":"Vingtieme Siecle-Revue d Histoire","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87980127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pétrole et enjeux politiques en France: La naissance d’un secteur stratégique 法国的石油和政治问题:一个战略部门的诞生

Vingtieme Siecle-Revue d Histoire Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.3917/VING.140.0123

François Pelletier

{"title":"Pétrole et enjeux politiques en France: La naissance d’un secteur stratégique","authors":"François Pelletier","doi":"10.3917/VING.140.0123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/VING.140.0123","url":null,"abstract":"EnglishThe creation of an oil industry encountered many obstacles in France. The country was a latecomer on a market that was largely controlled by powerful foreign trusts, at a time when no French company had the means to adopt an independent policy. After the First World War, the French government used diplomatic agreements to join the oil sector, hoping to unify its citizens and breathe new life into its attempts at developing a national oil policy. This article analyses the difficulties which public officials faced, as well as the private sector’s resistance to their ambitions. It exposes the mechanisms of influence wielded by a powerful French investment bank and the conflicts of interest that oil exploitation engendered. francaisLa creation d’une industrie petroliere se heurte a de nombreux obstacles en France. L’Hexagone prend tardivement une place sur un marche etroitement controle par de puissants trusts, alors qu’aucune societe francaise n’a les moyens de mener une politique independante. Apres le premier conflit mondial, le gouvernement s’appuie sur les accords diplomatiques pour rejoindre ce secteur. Il espere federer ses nationaux et insuffler une nouvelle direction a une politique petroliere nationale. Cet article retrace les difficultes auxquelles font face les responsables francais et la resistance du secteur prive face a ces ambitions. Il expose les mecanismes d’influence d’une puissante banque d’affaires et les conflits d’interets qu’engendre l’exploitation petroliere.","PeriodicalId":51845,"journal":{"name":"Vingtieme Siecle-Revue d Histoire","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80981328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Policer le désert: Ordre colonial, « guerriers nomades » et État postcolonial (Niger et Mauritanie, 1946-1963) 沙漠警察:殖民秩序、“游牧战士”和后殖民国家(尼日尔和毛里塔尼亚，1946-1963)

Vingtieme Siecle-Revue d Histoire Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.3917/VING.140.0015

Camille Evrard

{"title":"Policer le désert: Ordre colonial, « guerriers nomades » et État postcolonial (Niger et Mauritanie, 1946-1963)","authors":"Camille Evrard","doi":"10.3917/VING.140.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/VING.140.0015","url":null,"abstract":"EnglishThis article focuses on the comparative history of Saharan law enforcement units in two former French colonies, during the period when national institutions were being established. By examining the daily life of these units, as well as the debates that their organisation prompted, we can highlight the contrasting effects of late colonial policing in two different post-colonial situations. After the colonial authorities failed to standardise a confusing and highly unusual situation, the first Nigerian and Mauritanian governments inherited the sensitive question of how to redistribute the colonial income of the arms service. francaisCet article a pour objet l’histoire comparee des unites sahariennes de maintien de l’ordre dans deux anciennes colonies francaises, a l’heure de la construction des institutions nationales. L’examen du quotidien de ces unites ainsi que des debats suscites par leur organisation montre que les politiques de l’ordre de l’Etat colonial tardif, tout en obeissant a des logiques comparables, ont des effets contrastes d’une situation postcoloniale a l’autre. Apres que les autorites coloniales ont echoue a uniformiser une situation confuse et faite d’exceptions, les premiers gouvernements nigerien et mauritanien heritent de la sensible question de la redistribution de la rente coloniale du service des armes.","PeriodicalId":51845,"journal":{"name":"Vingtieme Siecle-Revue d Histoire","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79342769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Reconstruire le quotidien administratif à Cacheu (Guinée-Bissau) à la fin des années 1950: Everyday administrative duties in Cacheu (Guinea-Bissau) in the late 1950s 重建20世纪50年代末卡舍(几内亚比绍)的日常行政:20世纪50年代末卡舍(几内亚比绍)的日常行政责任

Vingtieme Siecle-Revue d Histoire Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.3917/ving.140.0069

Pedro Cerdeira

{"title":"Reconstruire le quotidien administratif à Cacheu (Guinée-Bissau) à la fin des années 1950: Everyday administrative duties in Cacheu (Guinea-Bissau) in the late 1950s","authors":"Pedro Cerdeira","doi":"10.3917/ving.140.0069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/ving.140.0069","url":null,"abstract":"EnglishThis article reconstructs the everyday life of chief administrators in the Cacheu subdivision of Guinea-Bissau by examining their service journals. Recounting a number of repetitive tasks, their journals emphasise the monotony of their daily routines. The writing itself becomes monotonous and repetitive, thus reinforcing the image of stability attributed to the local colonial power. Nevertheless, the routines of senior administrative officials were often disturbed by incidents and acts of resistance, which in turn broke the monotony of their narratives. More broadly, studying these archives of everyday life reveals the hesitations and uncertainties that made up daily existence in the employment of the Portuguese colonial service in Guinea. francaisCet article propose une analyse du quotidien des chefs de poste dans la circonscription de Cacheu (Guinee-Bissau) a travers l’analyse de leurs journaux de service. La mise en recit de leurs journees souligne a la fois le caractere repetitif de leurs tâches et la monotonie de leurs journees. L’ecriture du journal est elle aussi repetitive et monotone, renforcant l’idee de stabilite du pouvoir colonial local. Neanmoins, la routine des chefs de poste est souvent brisee par des incidents ou des resistances, cassant par la meme l’image d’un recit uniforme. Plus largement, l’etude de ces archives de l’ordinaire permet d’entrevoir les hesitations et les tâtonnements au cœur du quotidien de l’autorite coloniale portugaise en Guinee.","PeriodicalId":51845,"journal":{"name":"Vingtieme Siecle-Revue d Histoire","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73111438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contourner Birkenau (automne 1942): Une relecture du journal du médecin SS Johann Paul Kremer à Auschwitz 绕过比克瑙(1942年秋):重读奥斯维辛党卫军医生约翰·保罗·克雷默的日记

Vingtieme Siecle-Revue d Histoire Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.3917/ving.139.0111

N. Mariot

引用次数: 1

Le mouvement transhumaniste: Approches historiques d’une utopie technologique contemporaine 超人类主义运动:当代技术乌托邦的历史途径

Vingtieme Siecle-Revue d Histoire Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.3917/VING.138.0143

Franck Damour

{"title":"Le mouvement transhumaniste: Approches historiques d’une utopie technologique contemporaine","authors":"Franck Damour","doi":"10.3917/VING.138.0143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/VING.138.0143","url":null,"abstract":"EnglishTranshumanism is a movement which advocates for the transformation of human beings through the implementation of new technologies, with a view to significantly increasing individual capabilities and prolonging the human lifespan. Created in California in 1988, the transhumanist movement has now been disseminated throughout the world. While transhumanism has been the subject of many philosophical, ethical, theological, sociological and political studies, it remains largely under-investigated from an historical point of view. However, the history of the transhumanist movement can shed important light on the nature of transhumanism, its structure and its ideology, allowing us to see beyond the controversies and reactions it has provoked. This article proposes some possible approaches by cross-referencing transhumanist publications, the digital traces of the movement, and the life trajectories of its members. francaisLe transhumanisme est un courant d’idees qui prone une transformation de l’etre humain par la mise en œuvre de nouvelles technologies, dans des visees d’augmentation des capacites humaines et de prolongation importante de la vie. Ne en Californie en 1988, il a diffuse ses thematiques dans le monde entier. S’il est l’objet de nombreuses etudes philosophiques, ethiques, theologiques, politiques, sociologiques, il a peu suscite de recherches proprement historiques, notamment de son mouvement. Or l’histoire du mouvement permet de mieux cerner ce qu’est le transhumanisme – entre controverse, mouvance et mouvement – et ce qui constitue sa structure ideologique. Une telle approche s’appuie sur la confrontation des publications, des traces numeriques du mouvement et des trajectoires de ses membres.","PeriodicalId":51845,"journal":{"name":"Vingtieme Siecle-Revue d Histoire","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77601597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Les technocrates du ministère des Finances et le tournant de la rigueur de 1983: Conversion libérale ou idéologie gestionnaire ? 财政部的技术官僚和1983年的紧缩:自由主义转变还是管理意识形态?

Vingtieme Siecle-Revue d Histoire Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.3917/VING.138.0033

F. Descamps

{"title":"Les technocrates du ministère des Finances et le tournant de la rigueur de 1983: Conversion libérale ou idéologie gestionnaire ?","authors":"F. Descamps","doi":"10.3917/VING.138.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/VING.138.0033","url":null,"abstract":"EnglishBetween 1981 and 1983, senior officials at the French Ministry of Finance gradually regained their footing as well as their credibility with the Socialist government, which had initially favoured a social political agenda as well as a Keynesian stimulus package. With the advent of the financial crisis in 1982-1983, which led President Mitterrand to choose to stay within the European monetary system and therefore correct the country’s economic policy, French finance ministers launched a public finance restructuring plan and a number of anti-inflation policies. It remains to be seen whether or not this turning point was a true conversion to neo-liberalism. francaisEntre 1981 et 1983, les hauts fonctionnaires francais du ministere des Finances retablissent progressivement leur audience et leur credit aupres des gouvernants socialistes, qui avaient dans un premier temps donne la priorite a un programme politique social et a une relance economique d’inspiration keynesienne. A l’occasion de la crise financiere de 1982-1983 qui conduit le president Francois Mitterrand a faire le choix de l’Europe et a rectifier la politique economique, ils militent pour un plan de redressement des finances publiques et s’engagent dans une politique de lutte contre l’inflation dont il conviendra de determiner si elle temoigne ou non d’une conversion au neoliberalisme.","PeriodicalId":51845,"journal":{"name":"Vingtieme Siecle-Revue d Histoire","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75156442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Tueurs, ibitero et notabilités génocidaires au Rwanda (Kigali, avril 1994) 卢旺达的杀手、伊比特罗人和种族灭绝名人(基加利，1994年4月)

Vingtieme Siecle-Revue d Histoire Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.3917/VING.138.0127

F. Piton

引用次数: 1