Comment faire la révolution en Amérique latine ?: Les communistes chiliens face à la révolution cubaine (1959-1970)

Q2 Arts and Humanities
Rafael Pedemonte
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Abstract

francaisDans les annees 1960, loin de constituer un conflit purement bipolaire gauche/droite, la guerre froide en Amerique latine engendre aussi des tensions au sein du marxisme continental. La revolution cubaine, qui definit des 1960 un schema theorique (le foco) defiant le « communisme orthodoxe » incarne par l’URSS, n’est pas toujours percue comme un modele incontournable du communisme hemispherique. Le Parti communiste du Chili, dirige par Luis Corvalan qui prone une « voie pacifique vers la revolution », reagit face a la radicalite du discours cubain faisant de la lutte armee le seul moyen d’atteindre la victoire revolutionnaire, ce qui declenche d’intenses controverses, dont la bruyante « affaire Neruda » en 1966. EnglishDuring the 1960s, the Cold War was much more than a bipolar conflict between the Left and the Right. In Latin America, the Cold War also gave rise to tensions amongst Marxists. The Cuban Revolution, which from 1960 onwards demonstrated a revolutionary possibility (the theory of focalism) and came to challenge “orthodox Communism” as embodied by the USSR, was not always seen as the quintessential model by Latin American Communists. The Chilean Communist Party led by Luis Corvalan – who championed a peaceful path to revolution – countered Cuba’s radical discourse, which emphasised armed struggle as the only means to achieve a revolutionary victory. The notorious retaliation of Cuban Communists against Neruda in 1966 epitomised the apex of these tensions.
如何在拉丁美洲进行革命:智利共产党面对古巴革命(1959-1970)
20世纪60年代,拉丁美洲的冷战远不是一场纯粹的左/右两极冲突,也在大陆马克思主义内部引发了紧张局势。古巴革命在20世纪60年代定义了一种理论模式(foco),挑战以苏联为代表的“正统共产主义”,但它并不总是被视为半球共产主义的基本模式。智利共产党所领导的Luis Corvalan 41分钟一个«»革命走向和平道路,反应了对面话语的radicalite古巴这样femis斗争胜利的唯一途径革命者,因而declenche喧闹的激烈争论,其中案件«»聂鲁达于1966年。在20世纪60年代,冷战不仅仅是左翼和右翼之间的两极冲突。在拉丁美洲,冷战也加剧了马克思主义者之间的紧张关系。1960年以来的古巴革命展示了一种革命的可能性(焦点主义理论),并挑战了以苏联为代表的“正统共产主义”,但拉丁美洲共产主义者并不总是把它视为典型的模式。由路易斯·科瓦兰领导的智利共产党——他捍卫了一条和平的革命道路——反对古巴的激进言论,而古巴的激进言论强调武装斗争是取得革命胜利的唯一手段。1966年古巴共产主义者对聂鲁达的臭名昭著的报复使这些紧张局势达到了顶峰。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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