Jamba-Journal of Disaster Risk Studies最新文献

{"title":"Mobility as climate change adaptation in South Africa: Exploring the legal and policy significance of artificial intelligence.","authors":"Temitope A Obisanya, Ademola O Jegede","doi":"10.4102/jamba.v18i1.2059","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jamba.v18i1.2059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explores the intersection of mobility, climate change adaptation and artificial intelligence (AI) in South Africa. As climate change impacts mobility patterns, South Africa needs effective adaptation strategies, especially to manage the mobility of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and prevent maladaptation. Artificial intelligence is used to improve lives and livelihoods in such situations, but it raises legal and policy questions. The objective of the article is to uncover the legal and policy implications of AI's role as a climate technology for adaptation amongst IDPs in South Africa. The article utilises a qualitative desk-based approach to analyse legal frameworks, literature, official records such as parliamentary transcripts, non-governmental organisations (NGO) reports and online repositories on IDPs' mobility patterns and adaptation, as well as the South African government's technological interventions to support better adaptation. The findings reveal that AI can improve the planning of IDPs' relocation. Its tools can improve needs assessment, resource allocation, protection services or infrastructure planning. However, South Africa's legal frameworks lack specific provisions on AI. Hence, regulations are needed to address AI's evolving role in climate adaptation in South Africa.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The study concluded that with AI policies and laws, maladaptation associated with mobility can be mitigated in South Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":51823,"journal":{"name":"Jamba-Journal of Disaster Risk Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"2059"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13243864/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148213238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of non-disaster risk reduction non-governmental organisations' social network building programmes towards community-based disaster risk reduction: Bangladesh context.","authors":"Md Assraf Seddiky, Helen Giggins, Thayaparan Gajendran","doi":"10.4102/jamba.v18i1.1952","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jamba.v18i1.1952","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to explore the contribution of social network-building programmes of non-disaster risk reduction (non-DRR) non-governmental organisations (NGOs) to community-based disaster risk reduction (CBDRR) within the context of the Satkhira district of Bangladesh using social network-building theory. Purposive sampling was employed and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 45 respondents, including beneficiaries of NGOs, NGO officials and local government representatives. Data were analysed using the thematic analysis technique with the assistance of NVivo12 software. The data reveal that non-DRR NGOs contribute to CBDRR by creating bonding, bridging and linking networks that enhance coordination and collaboration at various levels. Bonding networks enhance coordination and collaboration within the community, bridging networks enhance collaboration between different communities, and linking networks enhance collaboration between local and external communities, thereby increasing the availability of resources, technical support and assistance. Such networks enable timely disaster preparedness, response and recovery. Nevertheless, there are several challenges to these functions, such as the diversity of stakeholder interests and an overshadowing of local needs by donor-driven priorities.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>This study highlights the social network building activities of non-DRR NGOs, their contribution to disaster resilience, and the need to integrate disaster risk reduction (DRR) education into the programmes of non-DRR NGOs. These findings are useful for policymakers, practitioners and other NGOs that intend to use social networks to enhance community resilience. This study also points to the need for further investigation to determine whether these findings are applicable to other settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":51823,"journal":{"name":"Jamba-Journal of Disaster Risk Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"1952"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13243746/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148213324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flood susceptibility zoning in Botswana's Notwane Urban Catchment: A triangulated and blended analytical hierarchy process-geographical information systems-based multi-criteria analysis.","authors":"Gorata Samuel, Reuben J Sebego, Ditiro B Moalafhi, Gagoitseope Mmopelwa","doi":"10.4102/jamba.v18i1.2013","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jamba.v18i1.2013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Botswana's economy is highly exposed to floods, estimated to cost an average of $90 million, about 0.56% of the total annual country gross domestic product. Flooding is common in urban catchments, including Botswana's Notwane Catchment. The catchment is characterised by increased population anchored in the capital Gaborone, infrastructure expansion and altered natural drainage. The effects of floods necessitate proactive interventions that consider blended approaches for selecting, assessing and mapping flood conditioning factors (FCFs). This study aimed to demonstrate a triangulated, multicriteria approach for flood susceptibility mapping in the Notwane Catchment. The FCFs were identified through questionnaire surveys, key informant interviews and literature, and these included land-use, rainfall, elevation, flow accumulation, slope and soil type, among others. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP), supported by principal component analysis (PCA), was employed to derive the weights of factors using the Business Performance Management Singapore AHP tool in Microsoft Excel. Weighted factors were integrated into ESRI's ArcMap 10.8 for spatial analysis and mapping. Cumulative rainfall (38.79%) emerged as the most critical factor, while altered land-use (21.35%), with statistically significant clustering of risk around built-up areas and water bodies (GiP-value = 0.062), was the second-largest contributor. Approximately 57.6% (5201.2 km²) of the catchment area is at moderate risk of flooding, covering Greater Gaborone, Mochudi, Ramotswa, and Kanye.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>Research and promotion of triangulated and blended approaches anchored on geospatial technologies to investigate flood susceptibility will influence targeted and site-specific risk-informed development in urban catchments while addressing Goal 11 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.</p>","PeriodicalId":51823,"journal":{"name":"Jamba-Journal of Disaster Risk Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"2013"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13243747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148213291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disaster risk management and SME resilience in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and evidence map.","authors":"Nomthandazo B Mtetwa, Zamanguni F Kubheka","doi":"10.4102/jamba.v18i1.2023","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jamba.v18i1.2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in employment creation and local economic stability, yet they are highly vulnerable to disasters and operational disruptions. This study synthesises existing evidence on risk management frameworks used by SMEs in low- and middle-income countries and examines how these approaches contribute to disaster risk reduction and business continuity. A PRISMA-guided systematic review was conducted using major academic databases and selected grey literature covering the period 2000 to 2025. Eligible studies examined the application or adaptation of structured risk management approaches, including enterprise risk management, business continuity management and related frameworks in SME contexts. The search identified 2 640 records, of which 76 studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings indicate that simplified versions of internationally recognised frameworks, particularly ISO-aligned risk management, COSO-based enterprise risk management and business continuity toolkits, are most frequently adopted by SMEs. Across sectors and regions, these approaches are associated with improved preparedness, increased risk awareness and shorter recovery times following disruptions. However, evidence linking adoption to sustained financial performance or long-term resilience remains limited. The review also highlights important gaps in the evidence base, including limited use of causal research designs, reliance on self-reported measures and the underrepresentation of micro, informal and women-owned enterprises.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>Despite these limitations, the findings suggest that proportionate and context-sensitive practices can strengthen SME preparedness and recovery capacity. Policymakers and support institutions should promote accessible guidance, phased adoption pathways and practical continuity tools to better integrate SME resilience into local disaster risk reduction strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":51823,"journal":{"name":"Jamba-Journal of Disaster Risk Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"2023"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13243809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148213363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From narrative to machine-readable logic: Formalising and validating local indigenous knowledge for rural early warning systems.","authors":"Asti Amalia Nur Fajrillah, Rudy Hartanto, Lukito Nugroho","doi":"10.4102/jamba.v18i1.2036","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jamba.v18i1.2036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Technological-based early warning systems (EWS) in rural Indonesia have shown limited long-term adoption because centralised, top-down mechanisms fail to incorporate the contextual triggers trusted by local communities, resulting in a disconnect in how warnings are understood, leading to inappropriate responses. Field evidence reinforces this problem; the usage of Information and Communication Technology (ICT)-based disaster information systems remained below three-quarters of users and the perceived benefits were also limited. At the same time, Local Indigenous Knowledge (LIK) has long played a critical role in disaster preparedness in rural communities. Local Indigenous Knowledge demonstrated universal adoption and was consistently considered more useful in preventing loss of life, fishing gear, catch and boats. Although prior studies have attempted to integrate LIK into disaster technologies, existing frameworks rely heavily on expert-driven knowledge extraction from qualitative interviews. This approach produces expert systems with unvalidated rules, limiting their credibility and scalability. To address this gap, this study proposes a socio-technical integration framework that systematically incorporates LIK into EWS. The framework was developed through a qualitative inquiry involving 17 in-depth interviews with fishermen and a focus group discussion (FGD) with eight fishermen community leaders from three coastal provinces of Indonesia, and its contextual foundation was further validated using 438 fishermen survey across the same regions.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The framework introduces three stages: (1) LIK acquisition from community experience, (2) validation through empirical community consensus and scientific explanation and (3) structured integration into EWS. This staged community validation approach reduces dependence on tacit expert judgement and supports future integration with data-supported decision processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":51823,"journal":{"name":"Jamba-Journal of Disaster Risk Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"2036"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13243804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148213310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated housing reconstruction model post-earthquake and tsunamis: Emphasising sustainable construction and local wisdom towards disaster-resilient cities.","authors":"Ida Bagus G Indramanik, Dewa K Sudarsana, I Nyoman Y Astana, Anak G A Yana","doi":"10.4102/jamba.v18i1.2011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v18i1.2011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 2018 Lombok earthquake caused extensive housing and infrastructure damage in North Lombok Regency, triggering large-scale reconstruction efforts. Post-disaster housing reconstruction (PDHR) is crucial not only for rebuilding damaged physical structures but also for enhancing the resilience of affected communities. However, many reconstruction programmes continue to rely on top-down approaches that neglect sustainability principles and disregard the cultural values inherent in local wisdom (LW). Therefore, this study aimed to develop and test an integrated model that links PDHR, sustainable construction (SC), LW and disaster-resilient cities (DRC). This study adopted a quantitative methodology, with data gathered via a questionnaire survey of 125 disaster-affected residents and analysed by using Structural Equation Modelling-Partial Least Squares in SmartPLS 4.0. The results indicate that PDHR exerts a strong direct effect on DRC (<i>β</i> = 1.202, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and an indirect effect mediated by SC (<i>β</i> = 0.49, <i>p</i> < 0.05), confirming the partial mediation mechanism. The results show that reconstruction achieves optimal resilience when sustainability principles are integrated. Conversely, the moderating role of LW was not statistically significant, indicating that LW functions more symbolically than structurally within current reconstruction governance.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>Theoretically, this study differentiates the structural contribution of SC, evident statistically, from the symbolic contribution of LW, thereby refining existing resilience theory for post-disaster contexts. Practically, the findings underscore the need to redesign institutional mechanisms so that sustainability and LW are not only acknowledged but also formally embedded into reconstruction planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":51823,"journal":{"name":"Jamba-Journal of Disaster Risk Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"2011"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13149601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147870438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flood vulnerability in township informal settlements.","authors":"Sazi W Gcabashe, Sareesha Pillay","doi":"10.4102/jamba.v18i1.1833","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jamba.v18i1.1833","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Migration has shaped townships into hubs of urban informality that are characterised by the propagation of informal settlements. With their expansion, informal settlements have become increasingly vulnerable to the devastating impacts of hazards. This article explored factors that influence flood vulnerability in township informal settlements in the NMBM. Framed by the Integrated Vulnerability Approach by McEntire, the study collected secondary data sources from reputable online repositories and digital media platforms using keywords. Data were analysed through thematic analysis. The findings reveal that flood vulnerability in the case study is conceived by a combination of the nature and location of informal settlements. The population characteristics of informal settlement dwellers and the marginalisation of infrastructural public service drive them to occupy hazard prone vacant land in 'stressed areas'. Despite the risk factor of their hazard-prone locations, informal settlement dwellers hold a 'sense of place' because of socioeconomic locational advantage and cultural resonance with their settlements that keeps them in their settlements. The study contends that flood vulnerability in informal settlements in townships occurs in combination of biophysical and social vulnerability. The study recognises that the population characteristics of the informal settlements are influenced by migration and its resultant socioeconomic conditions for low-skilled migrants.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The study demonstrates that the conception of informal settlements in townships and the legacies thereof are key origins of the infrastructural, public service delivery socioeconomic deficits in these settlements that drive the interactions of biophysical and social vulnerabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":51823,"journal":{"name":"Jamba-Journal of Disaster Risk Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"1833"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13058519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147646906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tsunami disaster resilience through dramatisation of local wisdom: The performance of Nandong Smong by Acehnese high school students in Simeulue regency, Indonesia.","authors":"Daska Aziz, Suhendro Suhendro, Novia Zalmita, Cut Vita R Jummi, M Hafizul Furqan","doi":"10.4102/jamba.v18i1.1978","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jamba.v18i1.1978","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nandong Smong represents a vital element of Aceh's local cultural wisdom that has long contributed to community-based tsunami risk reduction. Following the devastating 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, disaster mitigation initiatives have been integrated into school curricula, with innovative pedagogical approaches gaining prominence. This study explores the use of drama, specifically role-playing, to express and revitalise Nandong Smong as a medium for strengthening tsunami disaster resilience among high school students. An experimental design employing a pre-test-post-test group and a quantitative analytical approach was used to assess the effectiveness of the intervention. The results demonstrate that the role-playing model significantly improved students' tsunami disaster resilience, with a contribution rate of 57.54%. The results highlight the potential for integrating local wisdom into creative learning strategies and suggest that similar approaches can be adopted in other disaster-prone coastal schools to enhance preparedness and resilience.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The contribution of this research lies in its innovative integration of Nandong Smong local wisdom with drama-based role-playing learning as a practical non-structural mitigation strategy for high school students. This study demonstrates how culturally rooted narratives can be transformed into interactive learning experiences that enhance disaster awareness, preparedness and adaptive capacity among vulnerable groups in schools. Bridging traditional knowledge with contemporary pedagogical methods, this study provides a transferable framework that can be adapted to other tsunami-prone coastal communities. The findings highlight the potential of transformative, culturally responsive educational approaches to strengthen community resilience and sustain intergenerational disaster knowledge.</p>","PeriodicalId":51823,"journal":{"name":"Jamba-Journal of Disaster Risk Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"1978"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13058576/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147647158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of the impact of climate-related displacements on food and water security in Mozambique and Zimbabwe.","authors":"Sindiso Ndlovu, Gracsious Maviza","doi":"10.4102/jamba.v18i1.1965","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jamba.v18i1.1965","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate-related displacements in Southern Africa have escalated because of an increasing frequency and severity of extreme weather events, particularly cyclones, floods and droughts. Mozambique and Zimbabwe are among the most affected countries, where repeated climate shocks have displaced communities and disrupted critical livelihood systems. However, evidence on how these displacement processes specifically influence food and water security remains insufficiently synthesised. This study examines this gap through a systematic review guided by the question: How do climate-related displacement events affect food and water security among populations in Mozambique and Zimbabwe? Following the PRISMA framework, 32 peer-reviewed studies published between 2010 and 2024 were identified using PICO-derived search terms. Studies were included if they explicitly examined displacement and its implications for food and water security. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to assess methodological quality, and a Most Similar Systems Design (MSSD) approach enabled comparison of governance responses shaping outcomes for displaced populations. Findings indicate that climate-related displacement intensifies socio-economic vulnerabilities, reduces access to land and safe water, and heightens resource competition in receiving areas. These pressures undermine household food availability, dietary diversity and water reliability, while increasing exposure to protection risks. Weak institutional capacity and inconsistent policy frameworks further constrain sustainable recovery. This review advances knowledge by synthesising dispersed evidence and identifying critical gaps in governance, planning and service provision.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>It emphasises the need for integrated, human-security-oriented interventions that strengthen resilience, safeguard essential resources and ensure displaced populations are effectively included in national adaptation and disaster-risk-reduction strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":51823,"journal":{"name":"Jamba-Journal of Disaster Risk Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"1965"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12969584/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147437617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'A successful re-blocking project is when the government works hand in hand with the community': Factors determining the longevity of re-blocking projects for fire-risk reduction.","authors":"Siyachuma S Sintu, Robyn Pharoah","doi":"10.4102/jamba.v18i1.2017","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jamba.v18i1.2017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Informal settlements are highly vulnerable to fires, due to housing materials, poor infrastructure, dangerous energy sources and housing densities that facilitate the spread of fires and hamper firefighting. Re-blocking aims to reduce fire risk by spatially reconfiguring and de-densifying settlements and upgrading services. However, re-blocked settlements often re-densify, potentially undermining long-term risk reduction benefits. Using case studies of two re-blocked informal settlements, this study aims to explore informal settlement dwellers' perspectives on re-blocking interventions and identify the factors influencing their long-term success, especially the dynamics leading to re-densification. A qualitative research approach was used, employing a comparative case study design. Data were collected through 10 in-depth semi-structured key-informant interviews with officials, implementers and community leaders, and six focus groups (three in each community) involving 84 participants selected based on involvement in the process. The findings suggest that the primary reason for re-densification was that the allocated housing spaces were too small for households' needs or growth. Others included opportunism and push for better housing conditions. Although participation was intended, some residents felt the process was rushed or exclusive and that decision-making neglected their needs, leading to dissatisfaction that could reduce the longevity of spatial changes. The findings suggest the long-term effectiveness hinges on addressing beneficiaries' core needs and expectations. Ultimately, deep, inclusive and unrushed community engagement is crucial to capture diverse needs, ensure sustainable outcomes and achieve intended risk reduction benefits.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>This research fills a practical gap by examining the underlying non-fire safety factors that drive re-densification and provide insight into how re-blocking interventions can be improved.</p>","PeriodicalId":51823,"journal":{"name":"Jamba-Journal of Disaster Risk Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"2017"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12969522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147437554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}