IET Wireless Sensor Systems最新文献

{"title":"Bioelectrochemical-Augmented Hybrid PV-Battery System for Off-Grid Aquaculture Internet of Things Monitoring","authors":"Afef Bohli,&nbsp;Ridha Bouallegue","doi":"10.1049/wss2.70027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/wss2.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Internet of things (IoT)-based monitoring in aquaculture presents significant challenges in remote, off-grid environments where conventional power infrastructure is unavailable. Reliable, continuous and environmentally sustainable energy sources are essential for ensuring autonomous sensor operation and data collection integrity. This study proposes a hybrid energy harvesting system that integrates photovoltaic (PV) panels, lithium-ion batteries and Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) as a novel bioelectrochemical energy source for distributed aquaculture monitoring networks. The MFC subsystem (0.01 L flat-plate configuration, operating at 4.7 k<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>Ω</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${Omega }$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> optimal resistance with optimal generated power up to 6.657 nW) generates bioelectrochemical power for parallel battery supplementation. Experimental evaluation under realistic IoT load conditions demonstrates that the bioelectrochemical-augmented hybrid system successfully maintains stable autonomous operation while reducing lithium battery discharge burden by 6.1% throughout complete discharge cycles directly extending battery operational lifespan. This reduction decreases electronic waste, minimises carbon footprint through extended battery lifecycle and reduces pollution and environmental burden. This work demonstrates that bioelectrochemical energy integration is technically viable for aquaculture monitoring and similar off-grid IoT applications, establishing MFCs as a sustainable alternative energy source for greener and more resilient remote sensing infrastructure.</p>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/wss2.70027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147682949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Hybrid Dynamic Sand Cat Swarm Optimisation (HD-SCSO) Approach for Resource Allocation in Wireless Sensor Networks","authors":"Samer Sindian,&nbsp;Ziad Osman,&nbsp;Abdallah AL-Sabbagh","doi":"10.1049/wss2.70028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/wss2.70028","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) require robust solutions to optimise energy consumption, ensure reliable data transmission and maintain fair resource distribution across large-scale deployments. This paper proposes a hybrid dynamic Sand Cat Swarm Optimisation (HD-SCSO) approach, a bioinspired optimisation framework derived from sand cat adaptive localisation and hunting behaviours. HD-SCSO enhances resource allocation through dynamic sensor node operation adjustments, balanced network workload distribution and optimised data routing to minimise packet loss and extend network lifetime. It operates through three key mechanisms: adaptive cluster organisation, intelligent cluster head selection and real-time adjustments in response to changing network conditions. A security-mathematical model is proposed, which considers the aspect of trust, feedback, probability of cluster heads and conditions of intrusion detection system (IDS) alerts to strengthen resistance to attacks. Simulation results demonstrate that HD-SCSO outperforms existing algorithms, in terms of energy efficiency, packet delivery, network fairness and overall throughput across varying network sizes. Unlike existing algorithms, HD-SCSO integrates trust-based IDS, hybrid sensitivity-driven position updating and unified routing, security and resource allocation, enabling enhanced adaptability and robustness. Its self-optimisation features make it highly suitable for diverse IoT applications, including environmental monitoring, industrial automation and healthcare management, ensuring efficient operation and long-term network sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/wss2.70028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147666007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of Charging Batteries by Using Compound Wireless Power Transfer System","authors":"Noor Qasim Atiyah Alsaedi,&nbsp;Muhammet Tahir Guneser,&nbsp;Ameer L. Saleh,&nbsp;László Számel","doi":"10.1049/wss2.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/wss2.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The charging power is being augmented to enhance the ease of electric automobiles. Nonetheless, high-power charging may lead to significant and apparent issues with battery heat production. Consequently, a prominent research concern is achieving an optimal equilibrium between rapid charging and preserving battery performance. An LCLC-compensated combination inductive and capacitive wireless power transfer (COMPT) system for battery charging is a novel system in this work. Inductive and capacitive power transfer (IPT and CPT) systems are combined in the circuit design. A detailed analysis of the combined circuit architecture’s working principle clarifies the link between circuit parameters and system power. For inductive and capacitive coupling design, finite-element analysis is used. The connector plate equivalent circuit model will be created for 100 kW. Design and implementation of the COMPPT system will demonstrate combined inductive and capacitive coupling. Both the inductive and capacitive couplers are 500 mm × 500 mm. Many air gaps are investigated for each coupler, ranging from 150 to 750 mm. Combining IPT and CPT systems yields COMPT’s output power. The prototype will generate 95.46 kW of power with 95.7% efficiency at a 1-MHz switching frequency and operate better under misalignment than the IPT System. The inductive-capacitive combination COMPT technology may be suitable for electric battery charging. The special environmental conditions that affect energy transfer, such as heat, rain, snow, and other important major environmental factors that affect energy transfer this research examines several lithium-ion, lead-acid, and nickel-metal hydride batteries, using experiments to analyze the impact of pulse charging and constant current charging on battery performance. A suggested assessment methodology assesses the viability of various charging techniques, including rapid charging for power batteries, based on charging duration, rechargeable capacity, temperature variations while charging, and battery life degradation during cyclic charging.</p>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/wss2.70020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147666016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IFSTA: A Fuzzy Clustering Scheme With Enhanced SFLA–TDO and DCNN–LSTM Security for Wireless Sensor Networks","authors":"Monica Shivaji Gunjal,&nbsp;Pramodkumar H. Kulkarni","doi":"10.1049/wss2.70025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/wss2.70025","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are crucial for numerous industrial and commercial applications, driven by the rapid growth of Industry 4.0, advancements in wireless technology, and the Internet of things (IoT). However, the throughput and efficiency of WSNs are limited due to the limited lifetime of battery-operated sensors. Thus, optimal clustering is needed to enhance network performance. This paper presents a novel fuzzy-based clustering scheme (IFSTA) using an improved shuffle frog leaping algorithm (SFLA) based on Tasmanian devil optimisation (TDO) and an analytical hierarchical process (AHP) algorithm. The TDO is used to enhance convergence, solution diversity and the balance between exploitation and exploration. The IFSTA utilises residual energy, the energy GINI coefficient, inter-cluster distance (ICD), intra-cluster distance (ICD), load balancing, coverage and connectivity for optimising the cluster head (CH). The outcomes of the IFSTA are assessed based on network throughput, network lifetime, and residual energy. Further, the deep convolution neural network and long short-term memory (DCNN–LSTM)-based framework is utilised for malicious node detection to enhance security. The results show that the IFSTA helps achieve higher network lifetime, throughput, packet delivery ratio and scalability compared with the existing clustering optimisation techniques. The IFSTA provides a 16.38%–51.37% improvement in delay and a 16.37%–167% improvement in network lifetime compared to traditional techniques. The proposed DCNN–LSTM framework achieves an overall accuracy of 98.80%, an <i>F</i>1-score of 99.29%, a recall of 99.90% and a precision of 98.80% for malicious node detection on the SensorNetGuard dataset, demonstrating a significant improvement over traditional techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/wss2.70025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147666017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Soft Computing-Based Standard Mobile Sink and Data Fusion Technique for Maximising Lifetime of Rechargeable Wireless Sensor Networks”","authors":"","doi":"10.1049/wss2.70026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/wss2.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chandra, Pankaj, Anurag Sinha, Anurag Singh, et al. 2025. “Soft Computing-Based Standard Mobile Sink and Data Fusion Technique for Maximising Lifetime of Rechargeable Wireless Sensor Networks.” <i>IET Wireless Sensor Systems</i>: e70012. https://doi.org/10.1049/wss2.70012.</p><p>The correct affiliation for Saikat Gochhait is provided below; the online version of this article has been corrected accordingly.</p><p>⁴Symbiosis Institute of Digital and Telecom Management, a constituent of Symbiosis International Deemed University, India</p><p>⁵Samara State Medical University, Russia</p><p>We apologise for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/wss2.70026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147567325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimised Value and Quantity Balancing for Data Collection in Resource-Constrained UAV-Aided IoT","authors":"Ning An,&nbsp;Yi Hong,&nbsp;Chang Su,&nbsp;Lu Li,&nbsp;Xinyi Xu,&nbsp;Ruyue Wang","doi":"10.1049/wss2.70024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/wss2.70024","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) play a pivotal role in disaster response by enabling rapid information gathering from widely distributed sensor nodes. In resource-constrained scenarios, limitations in the number of UAVs and their onboard energy pose significant challenges in swiftly collecting and analysing high-priority data. In this paper, we tackle the crucial challenge of efficient multi-UAV-aided data collection in resource-constrained Internet of Things (IoT) environments where UAVs function as mobile data collectors. Given the inherent heterogeneity in data value and spatial distribution of IoT devices, a sophisticated approach is necessary to maximise data collection value while optimising energy consumption and coverage. This paper introduces a novel UAV-assisted IoT data collection model tailored for resource-constrained environments. By constructing a virtual backbone network and employing the NSGA-II algorithm for multi-objective optimisation, our model effectively routes data and schedules UAVs to maximise both data value and coverage. Extensive simulations demonstrate that our proposed algorithm achieves a superior balance between value and quantity in resource-constrained scenarios compared to existing data collection schemes.</p>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/wss2.70024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147563393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimising the Wireless Body Sensors Network (WBSN) of Elderly Health Monitoring System Through Actor-Critic Mechanism","authors":"Indra Griha Tofik Isa,&nbsp;Muhammad Imam Ammarullah,&nbsp;Adhan Efendi,&nbsp;Jasmine Nurul Izza,&nbsp;Yohanes Sinung Nugroho,&nbsp;Hamid Nasrullah,&nbsp;Febie Elfaladonna,&nbsp;Sigit Purnomo,&nbsp;Abdulfatah Abdu Yusuf","doi":"10.1049/wss2.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/wss2.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Elderly people represent a vulnerable population requiring continuous, reliable and timely health monitoring to maintain quality of life and reduce medical risks. Although existing wireless body sensor network (WBSN)-based systems primarily focus on energy efficiency, limited attention has been given to optimising time efficiency and real-time decision-making performance. This study proposes an elderly health monitoring system based on WBSN using an actor-critic deep reinforcement learning (ACDRL) framework to address this gap. The system utilises physiological state parameters, including heart rate, body temperature and oxygen saturation, to dynamically optimise monitoring and data transmission strategies. Device validation experiments demonstrated high sensing accuracy with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 0.68%. Model optimisation results indicate that a discount factor of 0.4 yields the best performance, achieving a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.0401. Comparative evaluations against deep Q-network (DQN)-based, deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) and twin delayed DDPG (TD3) algorithms show that the proposed ACDRL model consistently outperforms existing approaches across mean absolute error (MAE), integral absolute error (IAE) and integral squared error (ISE) metrics. Furthermore, real-world WBSN implementation involving multiple sensor nodes confirms that the proposed method significantly reduces time consumption, recording 1104 ms with 10 nodes lower than all benchmark models. These results demonstrate that the proposed ACDRL-based WBSN framework provides a scientifically validated, time-efficient and scalable solution for real-time elderly health monitoring, contributing to the advancement of intelligent healthcare systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/wss2.70023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147315622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum-Resistant Security in Digital Twin Healthcare Systems","authors":"Ahmed K. Jameil,&nbsp;Hamed Al-Raweshidy","doi":"10.1049/wss2.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/wss2.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The development of digital twin (DT) systems for healthcare presents several challenges, particularly in ensuring data protection and communication security in real-time environments. The protection of patient information in the case of future quantum-powered attacks is one of the key issues, with traditional public-key cryptography tools being likely to be weakened in the context of the huge quantum computers. The objective of this research was to come up with a quantum-resistant security system to DT-based remote healthcare monitoring. With quantum-safe session key establishment with QKD or lattice-based postquantum interactions, along with symmetric authenticated encryption, secure far-edge, near-edge and cloud data transfer and processing was guaranteed. The results revealed a 40% reduction in latency, a 30% improvement in throughput and a 15% increase in system efficiency, demonstrating substantial enhancements in performance. The integration of quantum-resistant protocols provided robust protection without compromising system operation, achieving a 25.77% improvement in computational efficiency. The proposed framework significantly enhances the security, scalability and performance of remote healthcare systems, offering a future-proof solution against quantum computing threats.</p>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/wss2.70022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146680547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Depth-Distance Based Energy-Efficient and Energy-Balanced Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks","authors":"O. O. Ogundile,&nbsp;A. A. Owoade,&nbsp;T. A. Aladeyelu,&nbsp;O. P. Babalola,&nbsp;I. E. Davidson","doi":"10.1049/wss2.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/wss2.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) are pivotal for ocean monitoring, exploration, and surveillance, comprising sensor nodes with limited battery capacity that rely on acoustic communication and are deployed at the seabed, making battery recharging impractical. Despite the challenges in underwater communication, numerous routing protocols (RPs), such as Energy Balanced Efficient and Reliable Routing (EBER²) and Shifted Energy Efficiency and Priority (SHEEP), have been developed to optimise forwarding node selection and improve communication efficiency by incorporating parameters such as depth information (DI), transmission distance (TD), and residual energy (RE). However, designing energy-efficient (EE) and energy-balanced (EB) RPs for large-scale UWSNs remains an NP-hard problem due to the network's inherent complexity. This study introduces a Depth-Distance-based Energy-Efficient and Energy-Balanced (DDE²) routing protocol, which optimises energy consumption using TD, DI, RE, and additional parameters such as transmission range (TR). The DDE² protocol extends network lifetime while meeting critical quality-of-service (QoS) requirements, including scalability and low latency, and outperforms recent state-of-the-art RPs in energy efficiency, network longevity, and overall QoS for UWSNs.</p>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/wss2.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146099277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of Using WSNs and Drones for Improving Crop Production in Precision Agriculture","authors":"Nada M. Khalil Al-Ani,&nbsp;Sadik Kamel Gharghan,&nbsp;Ziad Qais Al-Abbasi,&nbsp;Hasan Kahtan","doi":"10.1049/wss2.70019","DOIUrl":"10.1049/wss2.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Precision agriculture (PA) plays an essential role in resource use and crop yields while minimising environmental impact through data-driven farming techniques. The combination of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), the Internet of Things (IoT) and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has significantly transformed the current state of farming, enabling decisions based on data, predicting outcomes and precise control. This review presents the current developments, challenges and complementary advantages of these technologies to improve agricultural efficiency and sustainability in a comprehensive manner. The search timeframe of this search is 2019–2025. The analysis of the WSN-based systems begins with the analysis of sensing technologies, communication protocols (LoRa, Sigfox, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, NB-IoT and RFID), sensor architecture, energy consumption and path-loss models, which affect the data transmission in an agricultural setting. It highlights the weaknesses of WSN deployment, such as power consumption and coverage. Second, the use of UAVs in crop monitoring, irrigation, pest detection and resource optimisation is reviewed with references to the incorporation of sensing and data analytics algorithms and the challenges associated with UAV use, such as the short flight duration and energy consumption. Third, IoT-based frameworks are researched in the context of their roles in the PA of real-time monitoring, automated controls and smart decision-making. The findings suggest that a network of WSNs, UAVs and the IoT can be used to enhance monitoring quality, data quality and resource utilisation by multiple orders of magnitude. However, such barriers as energy consumption, connectivity differences, complexity of data and costs will be topical. Overall, the WSN-UAV-IoT combo is a potentially fruitful direction that could assist PA to take a step forward in terms of productivity, sustainability and environmental friendliness.</p>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/wss2.70019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145739656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}