I-QoS-WSN-S-MDC: Improving Quality of Service of Wireless Sensor Networks Using a Smart Mobile Data Collector

Quality of service (QoS) and energy efficiency are two major factors that play an important role in wireless sensor network (WSNs) operation. Although it is often argued that these two factors are naturally consistent. WSNs demand additional QoS measures beyond the capabilities of clustering and routing protocols, such as stability and latency. This paper proposes a new routing protocol named improving quality of service of wireless sensor networks using a smart mobile data collector (I-QoS-WSN-S-MDC). I-QoS-WSN-S-MDC is an enhancement of the low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy-kmeans-grid (LEACH-K-G) and the mobile data collector-K-means (MDC-K) to find the optimal path taken by the MDC for QoS efficiency. Specifically, the proposed I-QoS-WSN-S-MDC protocol uses the K-means algorithm and the grid clustering algorithm to reduce energy consumption in the cluster head (CH) election stage. In addition, the MDC is used as an interface between the CH and the base station (BS) to improve the WSN QoS and transmission phase of the MDC-K and LEACH-G-K protocols using lin–kernighan–helsgaun-travelling salesman problem (LKH-TSP). The experimental results show that I-QoS-WSN-S-MDC outperforms several low energy adaptive clustering (LEACH) protocol enhancements such as threshold-sensitive energy efficient network (TEEN), LEACH-K, LEACH-C, Improved-LEACH, Stable-Improved-LEACH, MDC maximum distance leach, MDC minimum distance leach, MDC-K, and MDC-TSP-LEACH-K.