IET Wireless Sensor Systems最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing data management and real-time decision making with IoT, cloud, and fog computing","authors":"Abdullah A. Al-Atawi","doi":"10.1049/wss2.12099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/wss2.12099","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The convergence of Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud computing, and Fog computing, termed as Interconnected Intelligence (II), has revolutionised data management and real-time decision-making across various industries. This study introduces a hybrid architecture that integrates these technologies to optimise resource allocation, reduce latency, and improve decision accuracy. Unlike traditional models that rely heavily on centralised Cloud computing, our approach distributes computational tasks between IoT devices, Fog nodes, and Cloud servers, ensuring efficient real-time processing closer to the data source. The proposed system demonstrated a 20%–30% reduction in latency compared to Cloud-only architectures, and a 25% improvement in resource utilisation through dynamic load balancing between Fog and Cloud layers. Additionally, the system showed an increase in decision accuracy by 15%, enhancing real-time decision-making capabilities in critical applications such as industrial automation, healthcare, and smart urban environments. Data security and privacy were also significantly improved, achieving a 20% reduction in energy consumption by reducing reliance on centralised Cloud resources. These results were validated using real-world datasets from industrial, healthcare, and urban environments, underscoring the architecture's capability to support large-scale IoT deployments. Future research will focus on real-world validation and the development of enhanced dynamic resource management techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":"14 6","pages":"539-562"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/wss2.12099","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143252501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and fabrication of PCF-based terahertz sensor for breast cancer cell detection","authors":"Khalid Sifulla Noor,&nbsp;Most. Momtahina Bani,&nbsp;A. H. M. Iftekharul Ferdous","doi":"10.1049/wss2.12098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/wss2.12098","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Breast cancer is a type of cancer that is common in women worldwide, which emphasises its significance in identification with preventative treatment methods. The invented Photonic Crystal Fibre (PCF) exhibits outstanding performance in detecting Breast Cancer. The suggested model of the authors includes Hybrid layout within clad surface alongside Square Core. Introduced PCF detector exhibits max Relative Sensitivity (RS) of 96.82% as well 96.74% for breast cancer cell MCF-7 as well MDA-MB-231 correspondingly. The authors also investigated the Confinement Loss of 1.642 × 10⁻¹⁰ dB/m, 2.461 × 10⁻¹⁰ dB/m with Effective Material Loss of 0.0473, 0.0565 cm⁻¹ for the mentioned cells. Increased outcomes, customised therapy, plus quick action are made possible by swift identification in breast carcinoma. Timely malignancy detection reduces requirements to severe therapy by enabling simpler medicines. Additionally, making continuous illness detection easier, improving patient treatment. Furthermore, reliable evaluation contributes for investigating advancements that improve worldwide recognition as well as therapy alternatives. The introduced PCF Perhaps crucial in quick identification of these deadly cells as it has an extraordinary sensing ability. In conclusion, it has numerous possibilities in the healthcare sector.</p>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":"14 6","pages":"493-506"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/wss2.12098","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143248990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LSTM-based real-time stress detection using PPG signals on raspberry Pi","authors":"Amin Rostami,&nbsp;Koorosh Motaman,&nbsp;Bahram Tarvirdizadeh,&nbsp;Khalil Alipour,&nbsp;Mohammad Ghamari","doi":"10.1049/wss2.12083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/wss2.12083","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Stress, widely recognised for its profound adverse effects on both physical and mental health, necessitates the development of innovative real-time detection methods. In this context, the escalating prevalence of wearable embedded systems, integrated with artificial intelligence (AI) for the continuous monitoring of critical physiological indicators like heart rate and blood pressure, accentuates their growing relevance in the efficient detection of stress. This article presents an innovative methodology employing deep learning algorithms on the Raspberry Pi 3, a platform distinguished by its cost-effectiveness and limited resources. The authors have developed an advanced AI algorithm that achieves high accuracy in real-time stress detection using photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors while significantly reducing computational demands. The authors’ method utilises an artificial neural network with long short-term memory (LSTM) layers, proving highly effective in time-series data analysis. In this study, the authors implement key TensorFlow toolkit optimisation techniques including quantisation aware training (QAT), Pruning and prune-preserving quantisation aware training. These techniques are applied to refine the authors’ model, decreasing size and latency without sacrificing accuracy. The results highlight the LSTM-based model's proficiency in accurately detecting stress using raw PPG sensor data on the Raspberry Pi 3, a comparatively affordable platform. The model attains an accuracy of 89.32% and an F1 score of 89.55% on the diverse wearable stress and affect detection stress-level dataset. Additionally, the authors’ optimised model exhibits substantial reductions in both size and latency while maintaining high accuracy. This approach shows great potential for various applications, such as stress monitoring in healthcare, sports, and workplace settings. The use of the Raspberry Pi 3 makes the system portable, cost-effective, and energy-efficient, enhancing its potential impact and accessibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":"14 6","pages":"333-347"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/wss2.12083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143253783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elderly care and health monitoring using smart healthcare technology: An improved routing scheme for wireless body area networks","authors":"Muhammad Hassan,&nbsp;Tom Kelsey,&nbsp;Bilal Mohammad Khan","doi":"10.1049/wss2.12097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/wss2.12097","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hypertensive patients need regular checkups and constant monitoring for taking time critical decisions by the medical experts. Unfortunately, it is hard to maintain uninterrupted patient health surveillance due to limited medical staff resulting in an increasing mortality rate annually. Thanks to recent developments in wireless sensor networking, we can monitor constantly and efficiently diverse parameters of a network. Similarly, Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) have become a well-known sub-branch of Wireless Sensor Networks. Such sensor networks can be leveraged for patient health monitoring, minimising the medical staff workload. Wireless Body Area Networks require tiny sensor nodes with limited battery power. Therefore, it is always desirable to design effective routing schemes that can enhance network lifetime, and reduce packet drop ratio. In this paper, we re-simulate and explain in detail the results of a selected published journal article for WBANs and provide some modifications to improve the network's overall performance. Based on these amendments, the modified protocol successfully extends the operational time of the network than the original. Our performance evaluation parameters are dead nodes, throughput, residual energy, and path loss versus the number of rounds. These analyses support effective solutions that improve network performance and data delivery ratio.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":"14 6","pages":"484-492"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/wss2.12097","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143253005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Powering the future: A survey of ambient RF-based communication systems for next-gen wireless networks","authors":"Shweta Singh,&nbsp;Manish Kumar,&nbsp;Rahul Kumar","doi":"10.1049/wss2.12094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/wss2.12094","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Emerging wireless communication networks, exemplified by the evolution from 5G to subsequent technologies, necessitate extensive connectivity among myriad devices to fuel the ongoing technological progress. However, the magnitude of this network demands an extensive power source, requiring an advanced and sustainable system to be practically deployable. This study introduces a cutting-edge system utilising ambient RF signals for both wireless information transfer (WIT) and wireless power transfer. The proposed system addresses the energy deficiencies of billions of low-powered wireless devices within the network. Wireless-powered communication networks (WPCN) and simultaneous wireless energy and power transfer (SWIPT) technologies, operating on ambient RF signals, provide a solution for the energy requirements of these devices. Harvesting energy from ambient RF signals is pivotal for the signal transmissions of WPCN and SWIPT systems. The research focuses on enhancing the efficiency and feasibility of such systems, emphasising aspects like maximising energy efficiency (EE) and improving outage performance (OP). The paper underscores the ubiquitous connectivity resulting from node mobility and delves into the emerging models of WPCN and SWIPT, along with collaborative technologies integrated with these models. It explores resource allocation (RA), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology in the context of WPCN, and various aspects of relaying operations, including SWIPT-MIMO and SWIPT receiver architecture. Conclusively, the comprehensive survey affirms that leveraging ambient RF signals for WIT and power transfer can significantly enhance EE, OP, RA, and overall network capabilities. This improvement positions the proposed system as a promising solution for meeting the connectivity demands of future wireless communication technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":"14 6","pages":"265-292"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/wss2.12094","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143252847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secure and efficient trust enabled routing in mobile ad hoc network using game theory and grey wolf optimisation techniques","authors":"Ujwala Ravale,&nbsp;Gautam M. Borkar","doi":"10.1049/wss2.12095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/wss2.12095","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are crucial wireless networks for military, corporate, and emergency use, yet they are vulnerable to disruptions from malicious nodes. The presence of malicious nodes can lead to message transmission and routing disorganisation, and network performance is effectively compromised. Game theory-based fuzzy secure clustering (GTFSC) improves performance metrics in low-scale and high-scale networks. This protocol's novel ability to dynamically scale performance measures as nodes expand improves efficiency and adaptability. While improving performance metrics, the proposed algorithm also efficiently identifies malicious nodes and re-routes the transmission, excluding the found malicious nodes. For any MANET system, secure and successful data transmission is paramount. The proposed protocol integrates various algorithms to fulfil its aim of customised EGT, GWO, and fuzzy clustering. Black hole attacks, grey hole attacks, Sybil attacks, and data tampering attacks are all considered to provide comprehensive attacks on MANET. Every node is assigned trust values, which get updated on data transmission. Fuzzy Clustering is employed to identify malicious nodes. Evolutionary Game Theory (EGT) optimises network organisation by designating cluster heads and clusters as nodes. Additionally, the proposed protocol leverages the Grey Wolf Optimisation Routing Algorithm (GWO), which establishes efficient routes from the source to the sink node. The analysis result shows maximum performance with a packet delivery ratio of around 98%, throughput of 90% end-to-end delay reduced by 15%, and energy consumption reduced by 18%, respectively, compared to an existing protocol.</p>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":"14 6","pages":"451-476"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/wss2.12095","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143248868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secure multiple adaptive kernel diffusion LMS algorithm for distributed estimation over sensor networks","authors":"Zahra Khoshkalam,&nbsp;Hadi Zayyani,&nbsp;Mehdi Korki","doi":"10.1049/wss2.12096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/wss2.12096","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper introduces a kernel-based approach to enhance the security of distributed estimation in the presence of adversary links. Adversary links often degrade distributed recovery algorithm performance in distributed estimation. The authors propose secure distributed estimation algorithms employing an adaptive kernel and adaptive combination coefficients derived from it. The authors’ method includes a multiple kernel approach with varied widths and a heuristic formula for combination coefficients, improving performance in the presence of adversary links. Additionally, the approach is extended to single exponential kernels with fixed and adaptive widths, treating them as special cases. The multiple kernel method is used because it provides more degrees of freedom compared to a single kernel, leading to better results. Simulation results show that the proposed multiple kernel approach achieves performance close to the diffusion least mean square algorithm in the absence of attacks. The adaptive nature of the kernel and coefficients enhances algorithm robustness, making it promising for secure distributed estimation in the presence of adversary links.</p>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":"14 6","pages":"477-483"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/wss2.12096","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143252966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Channel state information based physical layer authentication for Wi-Fi sensing systems using deep learning in Internet of things networks","authors":"Monika Roopak,&nbsp;Yachao Ran,&nbsp;Xiaotian Chen,&nbsp;Gui Yun Tian,&nbsp;Simon Parkinson","doi":"10.1049/wss2.12093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/wss2.12093","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Security problems loom big in the fast-growing world of Internet of Things (IoT) networks, which is characterised by unprecedented interconnectedness and data-driven innovation, due to the inherent susceptibility of wireless infrastructure. One of the most pressing concerns is user authentication, which was originally intended to prevent unwanted access to critical information but has since expanded to provide tailored service customisation. We suggest a Wi-Fi sensing-based physical layer authentication method for IoT networks to solve this problem. Our proposed method makes use of raw channel state information (CSI) data from Wi-Fi signals to create a hybrid deep-learning model that combines convolutional neural networks and long short-term memory networks. Rigorous testing yields an astonishing 99.97% accuracy rate, demonstrating the effectiveness of our CSI-based verification. This technology not only strengthens wireless network security but also prioritises efficiency and portability. The findings highlight the practicality of our proposed CSI-based physical layer authentication, which provides lightweight and precise protection for wireless networks in the IoT.</p>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":"14 6","pages":"441-450"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/wss2.12093","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143252444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"APOTSA: Anchor placement optimisation using discrete Tabu search algorithm for area-based localisation","authors":"Sayyidshahab Nabavi,&nbsp;Joachim Schauer,&nbsp;Carlo Alberto Boano,&nbsp;Kay Römer","doi":"10.1049/wss2.12092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/wss2.12092","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recently, there has been an increasing interest in indoor localisation due to the demand for location-based services. Diverse techniques have been described in the literature to improve indoor localisation services, but their accuracy is significantly affected by the number and location of the anchors, which act as a reference point for localising tags in a given space. The authors focus on indoor area-based localisation. A set of anchors defines certain geographical areas, called residence areas, and the location of a tag is approximated by the residence area in which the tag is placed. Hence the position is not given by exact coordinates. In this approach, placing the anchors such that the resulting residence areas are small on average yields a high-quality localisation accuracy. The authors’ main contribution is the introduction of a discretisation method to calculate the residence areas for a given anchor placement more efficiently. This method reduces the runtime compared to the algorithms from the literature dramatically and hence allows us to search the solution space more efficiently. The authors propose APOTSA, a novel approach for discovering a high-quality placement of anchors to improve the accuracy of area-based indoor localisation systems while requiring a shorter execution time than existing approaches. The proposed algorithm is based on Tabu search and optimises the localisation accuracy by minimising the expected residence area. APOTSA's localisation accuracy and time of execution are evaluated by different indoor-localisation scenarios involving up to five anchors. The results indicate that the expected residence area and the time of execution can be reduced by up to 9.5% and 99% compared to the state-of-the-art local search anchors placement (LSAP) algorithm, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":"14 6","pages":"427-440"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/wss2.12092","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143248642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A metaheuristic approach for hierarchical wireless sensor networks using particle swarm optimisation-based Enhanced LEACH protocol","authors":"Punith Bekal,&nbsp;Pramod Kumar,&nbsp;Pallavi R. Mane","doi":"10.1049/wss2.12091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/wss2.12091","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A network created in places inaccessible to humans is known as the wireless sensor network. A sensor must detect data/information before it sends this data to a base station. Data can be routed between just one node to a base station using a variety of routing protocols. The hierarchical routing method is one of the routing protocols that hierarchically distributes sensed data. Using clustering to arrange the network into an interconnected hierarchy has shown to be a successful strategy. Bio-inspired particle swarm optimisation is combined with the Enhanced LEACH protocol to overcome the shortcomings of conventional protocol like overall consumption of energy, the total number of survival nodes, and packets being delivered during the network's life. Metaheuristic approach of particle swarm optimisation which explores alternative paths during optimisation, leading to more adaptive and efficient energy dissipation. Enhanced LEACH with the bioinspired protocol makes it more efficient for real-time applications. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol has a greater advantage over the conventional and Enhanced LEACH.</p>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":"14 6","pages":"410-426"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/wss2.12091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143253225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}