Journal of Global Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Seroprevalence of Various Viral Diseases: A Hospital-based Study","authors":"R. Gopinath, A. L. Meenakshi Sundaram, A. Dhanasezhian, M. Arundadhi, G. Sucila Thangam","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_101_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_101_23","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction: Virus-borne diseases have recently gained significant public health importance. Viruses infect several hosts, including animal reservoirs, evolve quickly, and recombine emerging and reemerging to pose recurring dangers to humans. The Viral Research and Diagnostic Laboratory (VRDL) located at Government Theni Medical College, Theni, Tamil Nadu, conducts the diagnosis of common virus infections. Methods: From January 2018 to December 2022, the VRDL received whole blood sera samples from 84,059 patients suspected of having various viral illnesses. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect viral infections in all of the samples. Results: A total of 84,059 individuals suspected for various viral infections have been tested and out of these 4948 (5.88%) cases have been reported to be positive and among them, the dengue virus is predominantly followed by, hepatitis B virus, chikungunya virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis E virus, hepatitis B virus, herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, and rubella virus. Conclusion: The issue of emerging and re-emerging infectious illnesses, particularly those caused by viruses, has grown in importance in public health. Timely action combined with proper information and the ability to diagnose infections may save many lives.","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135922941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melioidosis-related acute cholangitis and septic arthritis","authors":"Chee Yik Chang","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_46_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_46_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139326012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura due to varicella-zoster virus meningoencephalitis in an immunocompetent patient","authors":"Zachary Mostel, B. Nguyen, Louis Costanzo, Sarah Bankhead, Parinaz Ayat, Harsha Taluru, Anoop Puskoor, Zahra Ahmed, Edwin Chiu, A. El Sehamy, David Nathaniel Smith","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_241_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_241_22","url":null,"abstract":"Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) can cause variable disease states in individuals with intact and compromised immune systems. Both meningoencephalitis and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) are uncommon, life-threatening entities associated with VZV. There are few reported cases of TTP due to VZV and this may be the first case of TTP due to VZV meningoencephalitis confirmed through lumbar puncture. The literature tends to emphasize that this pathology mostly occurs in immunocompromised hosts. Here, we present a unique case of TTP due to VZV meningoencephalitis in a patient that was immunocompetent.","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139329974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profile of acute encephalitis syndrome patients from South India","authors":"Rache Suma, M. Netravathi, Gopalkrishna Gururaj, Priya Treesa Thomas, Bhagteshwar Singh, Tom Solomon, Anita Desai, R. Vasanthapuram, Pradeep S Banandur","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_19_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_19_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Encephalitis is a major public health problem worldwide that causes huge emotional and economic loss to humanity. Encephalitis, being a serious illness, affects people of all ages. The aim is to describe the sociodemographic, clinical, etiological, and neuroimaging profile among 101 acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) patients visiting a tertiary neuro-specialty care hospital in India. Methods: Record review of medical records of all patients attending neurology emergency and outpatient services at NIMHANS Hospital, diagnosed with AES in 2019, was conducted. Data were collected using standardized data collection forms for all cases in the study. Descriptive analyses (mean and standard deviation for continuous variables and proportions for categorical variables) were conducted. The Chi-square test/Fisher's exact test was used for the comparison of independent groups for categorical variables, and t-test for comparing means for continuous variables. Results: About 42.6% of AES patients had viral etiology, while in 57.4%, etiology was not ascertained. Common presenting symptoms were fever (96%), altered sensorium (64.4%), seizures (70.3%), headache (42.6%), and vomiting (27.7%). Herpes simplex was the most common (21.8%) identified viral encephalitis, followed by chikungunya (5%), arboviruses (chikungunya and dengue) (4%), Japanese encephalitis (4%), rabies (3%), dengue (1%), and varicella virus (1%). About 40% of AES patients showed cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis (44%), increased protein (39.6%), abnormal computed tomography brain (44.6%), and magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities (41.6%). Conclusion: The study highlights the need to ascertain etiology and importance of evidence-based management of AES patients. A better understanding of opportunities and limitations in the management and implementation of standard laboratory and diagnostic algorithms can favor better diagnosis and management of AES.","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139330410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State of the globe: Traumatic brain injury and infections: The two-hit insult","authors":"Tahir Ali Khan, Steve Kamm","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_197_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_197_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139330337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extensive vasculitis in tuberculous meningitis","authors":"Rajesh Verma, R. Chakraborty","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_24_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_24_23","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculous meningitis causes substantial morbidity and mortality in tropical countries. The various complications reported are hydrocephalus, vasculitic infarcts, tuberculomas, abscesses, and optochiasmatic arachnoiditis. Vasculitis in tuberculosis is basically at the level of lenticulostriate arteries supplying the basal ganglia and terminal cortical branches. In this case report, we present a rare case of tuberculous meningitis with extensive vasculopathy. During hospitalization, she developed acute onset right-sided classical hemiplegia with the inability to speak due to left internal carotid artery occlusion on imaging. The cerebrospinal fluid depicted very high protein levels. The exact pathogenesis of such extensive involvement in tuberculous meningitis substantiates the need for further studies.","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139331141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of traumatic brain injury and associated infections in a trauma center in Northern India","authors":"Mitra Kar, C. Sahu, Pooja Singh, K. Bhaisora, Nidhi Tejan, S. Patel, U. Ghoshal","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_66_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_66_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: One of the rapidly escalating public health problems worldwide is traumatic brain injury (TBI) due to road traffic accidents. In comparison to postneurosurgery patients and other patients inhabiting the intensive care units (ICUs), patients with TBI are more susceptible to nosocomially acquired infections from the hospital milieu. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at a university hospital in Northern India from December 2018 to September 2022. All patients presenting with TBI formed the cohort of our study population. Results: A total of 72 patients with TBI were enrolled. The mean age of patients was 40.07 ± 18.31 years. The most common infections were ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) (44/72, 61.11%) and bloodstream infection (BSI) in 21 (21/72, 29.17%) patients. Concomitant infections were observed in 21 (21/72, 29.17%) patients. The common organism causing VAP was Acinetobacter spp. (29/58, 50.0%), BSI was Klebsiella pneumoniae (10/23, 43.48%), urinary tract infection was K. pneumoniae (5/16, 31.25%), and surgical site infection was Acinetobacter spp. (3/8, 37.5%) in TBI patients. An increased incidence of multidrug resistance was demonstrated in our patients. The increased length of hospital and ICU stay, ICU admission, intubation, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and hypertension were statistically significant parameters that made TBI patients prone to develop an infection. Conclusion: TBI patients suffering from underlying comorbidities are prone to develop infections with multidrug-resistant bacteria was observed among our study cohort which also mirrors the lack of adherence to infection control measures.","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139326366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State of the Globe: Doxycycline - An Old Wine in a New Bottle for Gram-Negative Sepsis.","authors":"Tanmoy Ghatak, Reuben W Holland","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_139_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_139_23","url":null,"abstract":"The modern medicine era is undergoing a pandemic of “antibiotic resistance.” The multidrug‐resistant (MDR) Gram‐negative organisms are hitting the most harm. While gasping in this sinking scenario, our best bet is either to search for new promising powerful antibiotics or to resharpen the old ones. As the development promise of newer antibiotics is not vibrant, the restoration of previously invented but abandoned “old” antibiotics is routine.[1] Moreover, the new uses of old antibiotics are also in game.","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/01/b2/JGID-15-93.PMC10549898.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41155929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serological Evidence of <i>Zika virus</i> Circulation with Dengue and Chikungunya Infections in Sri Lanka from 2017.","authors":"Harshi Abeygoonawardena,&nbsp;Namal Wijesinghe,&nbsp;Varuna Navaratne,&nbsp;Aindralal Balasuriya,&nbsp;Thi Thanh Ngan Nguyen,&nbsp;Meng Ling Moi,&nbsp;Aruna Dharshan De Silva","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_195_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_195_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Arbovirus diseases remain a public health threat in Sri Lanka. Dengue is endemic and two outbreaks of chikungunya infections have been reported. There is limited data on Zika virus (ZIKV) infections in Sri Lanka, and this could be due to a lack of comprehensive ZIKV surveillance. Our aim was to determine the presence of antibodies to dengue, chikungunya, and Zika infections in adults from a suburban population in Sri Lanka.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 149 healthy adult volunteers over 18 years of age (mean age: 43±14 years, males - 43%), with no prior diagnosed arboviral infections and no history of overseas travel, participated in the study. ELISA and neutralization assays were carried out to detect past dengue, chikungunya, or Zika infections.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 94.6% (141/149) of the participants demonstrated dengue IgG antibodies, 37.5% (56/149) were positive for chikungunya IgG, and 5.3% (8/149) were positive for anti-ZIKV IgG antibodies. Neutralization assays confirmed ZIKV-specific antibodies in 6.7% (10/149), when 40/149 of the participating population were tested.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This clearly demonstrated past ZIKV infections in this population. In addition, this study indicates that >90% of individuals had asymptomatic dengue but no serious symptoms. These results provide a cross-sectional view on the DENV, ZIKV, and CHIKV epidemic status and demonstrate a need for the implementation of enhanced surveillance and more effective measures against the spread of these arbovirus diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/89/d4/JGID-15-113.PMC10549900.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41120163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changing Clinical Profile and Predictors of Mortality in Patients of Acute Febrile Encephalopathy from North India.","authors":"Kunwer Abhishek Ary,&nbsp;Harpreet Singh,&nbsp;Vikas Suri,&nbsp;Kusum Sharma,&nbsp;Manisha Biswal,&nbsp;Mini P Singh,&nbsp;Chirag Kamal Ahuja,&nbsp;Parampreet Kharbanda,&nbsp;Navneet Sharma,&nbsp;Ashish Bhalla","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_18_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_18_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) or acute febrile encephalopathy is a clinical condition characterized by altered mental status occurring after or along with a short febrile illness. In developing countries, infections are the predominant cause of AES. Prominent infections known to cause AES include viruses (such as herpes simplex virus [HSV], Japanese Encephalitis [JE] virus, dengue, enteroviruses [EVs]), bacteria, fungus, and parasites. In the present study, we aim to analyze the etiology, clinical features, and predictors of mortality in patients presenting with acute febrile encephalopathy or acute encephalitic syndrome. The present study was a prospective observational study conducted at Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research a tertiary care center in Chandigarh, India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 105 patients with ≥18 years of age with fever (body temperature >101° F for duration ≤14 days) and altered sensorium (Glasgow coma scale [GCS] score ≤10) lasting for more than 24 h, either accompanying the fever or following it were enrolled. Demographic and clinical details were recorded on pro forma. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis was performed for all the enrolled patients at admission for cytology, CSF glucose to blood glucose ratio, protein levels, gram stain and culture sensitivity, adenosine deaminase levels, polymerase chain reaction for HSV/EV/mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) and immunoglobulin M Enzyme-linked immune assay for JE. Computed tomography of the brain was done in all patients while magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain was carried out in 75 patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 105 patients, tubercular meningitis was seen in 27 (25.7%) patients followed by acute pyogenic meningitis in 18 (17.1%) patients. Probable viral encephalitis was present in 12 (11.4%) cases. Septic encephalopathy (<i>n</i> = 10) and scrub typhus encephalitis (<i>n</i> = 8), HSV encephalitis (<i>n</i> = 6), dengue encephalitis (<i>n</i> = 4), leptospirosis (<i>n</i> = 3) were the other infections causing acute febrile encephalitis in our study. In addition to fever and altered sensorium common symptoms observed were headache (52.4%), vomiting (35.2%), and seizures (29.5%). The factors predicting increased mortality were female gender, fever of more than 38°C at admission, GCS <7, MRI showing disease-related findings like altered signal intensity bilateral medial temporal and insular area in herpes simplex encephalitis, etc., changes, and the group of patients where a definite diagnosis could not be established during the hospital stay.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Tubercular meningitis/central nervous system TB is the predominant cause of acute febrile encephalopathy in developing countries. Scrub and dengue encephalitis are emerging as an important cause of acute febrile encephalopathy and occur predominantly in postmonsoon seasons. Acute febrile encephal","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/27/96/JGID-15-101.PMC10549907.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41136362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}