Journal of Global Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Risk Factors for Death among Hospitalized and Nonhospitalized Patients due to COVID-19 in a Triple International Border Municipality.","authors":"Erica Alves Ferreira Gordillo, Rubia Laine de Paula Andrade, Ismael Hoare, Ricardo Izurieta, Adriana Zilly, Laiz Mangini Cicchelero, Merielly Kunkel, Ernesto Valdes Gordillo, Reinaldo Antonio Silva-Sobrinho, Regiane Bezerra Campos, Rosane Meire Munhak Silva","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_72_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_72_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The severity of COVID-19 in the general population ranges from minimally symptomatic disease to critical illness, which may require hospitalization and progress to death.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study carried out with all positive cases of COVID-19 reported in the municipality of Foz do Iguaçu (PR) between the period from March 2020 to December 2021. Data were collected from Bank Notifies COVID-19 is the name of the information system that provides notifications by professionals of suspected and confirmed cases of the disease. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques and calculation of relative risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>24,647 confirmed cases were identified in the study; among these, 22,211 (90.1%) were not hospitalized and 2436 (9.9%) were hospitalized. Among the 2436 patients hospitalized for COVID-19, 947 (38.9%) died and 1489 (61.1%) recovered. Among the 22,211 outpatients, 93 (0.4%) died and 22,118 (99.6%) recovered. An association between death and the following characteristics was identified among the cases that were hospitalized: male gender, all age groups over 40 years, indigenous race/color, hospital staylength of more than 10 days,hospitalization in a Unified Health System (SUS) bed and in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU). According to the clinical characteristics of symptoms and comorbidities, the following prevailed:ities dyspnea, intercostal retraction, cyanosis, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, smoking, lung disease, kidneydisease, neurological disease, neoplasia, and immunodeficiency. Among the cases that were not hospitalized, death was associated with: malegender, all age groups over 50 years, dyspnea, cyanosis, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, neurological disease, neoplasia, and liver disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Older adults, male, and Caucasian people are commonly affected by COVID-19 and can evolve with aggravation when they have modifiable risk factors such as obesity and smoking, as well as nonmodifiable risk factors such as: cardiovascular disease, neurological disease, renal, hypertension, diabetes, and immunosuppression.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"16 1","pages":"19-26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11045151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140868098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Bacteroides fragilis</i> Causing Liver Abscess and Pyelonephritis.","authors":"Pei Shin Teo, Xin Ying Chong, Chee Yik Chang, Aishah Nazir Deen, Masliza Zaid","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_184_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_184_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"16 1","pages":"39-40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11045148/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140867540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological Study of Respiratory Virus Infections among Hospitalized Children Aged 14 Years and Younger during COVID-19 Pandemic in Wuhan, China, 2018-2022.","authors":"Yingchan Hao, Li Cheng, Dan Lu","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_138_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_138_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The viral etiological characteristics and prevalence of hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infection were preliminary studied in Wuhan City during the COVID-19 pandemic, to provide a reliable scientific basis for better understanding of the role of various pathogens in cases and for the prevention and clinical treatment of acute respiratory tract infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 69,086 children with acute respiratory infections hospitalized and treated in our department from January 2018 to December 2022 were enrolled as our research subjects. Sociodemographic and clinical data as well as nasopharyngeal samples were collected from patients. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus (ADV), infuenza virus A (FluA), infuenza virus B (FluB), and parainfluenza virus (PIV) were detected by direct immunofluorescence (DFA) to understand and analyze the epidemic characteristics of respiratory pathogens in children during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The total detection rate of respiratory pathogens was 24.52% of the 69,086 hospitalized children. The frequency of respiratory viruses in those ADV, RSV, FluA, FluB, and PIV was 14.67%, 46.40%, 7.76%, 5.23%, and 25.95%. There were significant differences between the various pathogens (<i>P</i> < 0.001). There were the fewest pathogen-positive patients and positive detection rate in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. There were significant differences in the pathogen detection rate among different years (<i>P</i> < 0.001). In addition, the results showed that the total detection rate of respiratory virus tested in different age groups was significantly different (<i>P</i> < 0.001). The positive detection rate was highest in the 1-3-year-old age group, which is prone to acute respiratory infections. We also found that different pathogens showed obvious seasonal fluctuation and epidemic. RSV reached its peak in winter. ADV is mainly prevalent in spring and summer. FluA has a high detection rate in winter. Winter and spring are the peak seasons for FluB infection, whereas PIV is detected in all seasons, with a higher incidence rate in the spring and summer.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The epidemiological distribution of pathogens of acute respiratory tract infection in hospitalized children in Wuhan from 2018 to 2022 varies with gender, age, and season. Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were implemented as control measures worldwide and reduced the transmission of respiratory pathogens. NPIs are likely to be the primary driver of the dramatic reduction in respiratory virus infection activity in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, to dissolving NPIs can lead to a recurrence of viral infection pathogens, especially in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"15 4","pages":"149-155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10824227/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139643326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thrombocytopenic Purpura in a 40-year-old Patient with Rothia dentocariosa-associated Endocarditis","authors":"Song Jianjian, Jiang Heping, Li Feifei, Gao Kang, Gu Yinghao","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_116_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_116_22","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A 40-year-old male patient with a history of dental disease was sent to the emergency room mainly for fever, unclear consciousness, and purpura. Computed tomography reveals subarachnoid hemorrhage and blood analysis reveals platelet reduction. The patient was started daily intravenous piperacillin tazobactam glucocorticoid and gamma globulin. Two weeks later, symptoms improved but still had severe complications such as fever, platelet reduction, hepatosplenic abscess, and severe myocardial injury. Subsequently, Rothia dentocariosa was cultured from the blood samples of patient’s limb. The patient was started on daily injections of tigecycline and penicillin. Ten days later, symptoms improved and amikacin was tried, which was later confirmed to be ineffective in this patient. Cardiac ultrasound revealed aortic valve vegetations and magnetic resonance imaging revealed brain abscess formation. Then, antibiotics were adjusted to vancomycin and meropenem. Finally, the patient underwent valve replacement. Infectious endocarditis – after surgery, vancomycin and meropenem were utilized for a week leading to symptom resolution. The patient was transferred to rehabilitation hospital. This case will provide clinical experience for the treatment of R. dentocariosa .","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135922795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of Various Viral Diseases: A Hospital-based Study","authors":"R. Gopinath, A. L. Meenakshi Sundaram, A. Dhanasezhian, M. Arundadhi, G. Sucila Thangam","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_101_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_101_23","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction: Virus-borne diseases have recently gained significant public health importance. Viruses infect several hosts, including animal reservoirs, evolve quickly, and recombine emerging and reemerging to pose recurring dangers to humans. The Viral Research and Diagnostic Laboratory (VRDL) located at Government Theni Medical College, Theni, Tamil Nadu, conducts the diagnosis of common virus infections. Methods: From January 2018 to December 2022, the VRDL received whole blood sera samples from 84,059 patients suspected of having various viral illnesses. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect viral infections in all of the samples. Results: A total of 84,059 individuals suspected for various viral infections have been tested and out of these 4948 (5.88%) cases have been reported to be positive and among them, the dengue virus is predominantly followed by, hepatitis B virus, chikungunya virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis E virus, hepatitis B virus, herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, and rubella virus. Conclusion: The issue of emerging and re-emerging infectious illnesses, particularly those caused by viruses, has grown in importance in public health. Timely action combined with proper information and the ability to diagnose infections may save many lives.","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135922941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melioidosis-related acute cholangitis and septic arthritis","authors":"Chee Yik Chang","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_46_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_46_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"244 1","pages":"175 - 176"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139326012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura due to varicella-zoster virus meningoencephalitis in an immunocompetent patient","authors":"Zachary Mostel, B. Nguyen, Louis Costanzo, Sarah Bankhead, Parinaz Ayat, Harsha Taluru, Anoop Puskoor, Zahra Ahmed, Edwin Chiu, A. El Sehamy, David Nathaniel Smith","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_241_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_241_22","url":null,"abstract":"Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) can cause variable disease states in individuals with intact and compromised immune systems. Both meningoencephalitis and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) are uncommon, life-threatening entities associated with VZV. There are few reported cases of TTP due to VZV and this may be the first case of TTP due to VZV meningoencephalitis confirmed through lumbar puncture. The literature tends to emphasize that this pathology mostly occurs in immunocompromised hosts. Here, we present a unique case of TTP due to VZV meningoencephalitis in a patient that was immunocompetent.","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"20 1","pages":"172 - 174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139329974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profile of acute encephalitis syndrome patients from South India","authors":"Rache Suma, M. Netravathi, Gopalkrishna Gururaj, Priya Treesa Thomas, Bhagteshwar Singh, Tom Solomon, Anita Desai, R. Vasanthapuram, Pradeep S Banandur","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_19_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_19_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Encephalitis is a major public health problem worldwide that causes huge emotional and economic loss to humanity. Encephalitis, being a serious illness, affects people of all ages. The aim is to describe the sociodemographic, clinical, etiological, and neuroimaging profile among 101 acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) patients visiting a tertiary neuro-specialty care hospital in India. Methods: Record review of medical records of all patients attending neurology emergency and outpatient services at NIMHANS Hospital, diagnosed with AES in 2019, was conducted. Data were collected using standardized data collection forms for all cases in the study. Descriptive analyses (mean and standard deviation for continuous variables and proportions for categorical variables) were conducted. The Chi-square test/Fisher's exact test was used for the comparison of independent groups for categorical variables, and t-test for comparing means for continuous variables. Results: About 42.6% of AES patients had viral etiology, while in 57.4%, etiology was not ascertained. Common presenting symptoms were fever (96%), altered sensorium (64.4%), seizures (70.3%), headache (42.6%), and vomiting (27.7%). Herpes simplex was the most common (21.8%) identified viral encephalitis, followed by chikungunya (5%), arboviruses (chikungunya and dengue) (4%), Japanese encephalitis (4%), rabies (3%), dengue (1%), and varicella virus (1%). About 40% of AES patients showed cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis (44%), increased protein (39.6%), abnormal computed tomography brain (44.6%), and magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities (41.6%). Conclusion: The study highlights the need to ascertain etiology and importance of evidence-based management of AES patients. A better understanding of opportunities and limitations in the management and implementation of standard laboratory and diagnostic algorithms can favor better diagnosis and management of AES.","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"10 1","pages":"156 - 165"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139330410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State of the globe: Traumatic brain injury and infections: The two-hit insult","authors":"Tahir Ali Khan, Steve Kamm","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_197_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_197_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"52 1","pages":"135 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139330337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extensive vasculitis in tuberculous meningitis","authors":"Rajesh Verma, R. Chakraborty","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_24_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_24_23","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculous meningitis causes substantial morbidity and mortality in tropical countries. The various complications reported are hydrocephalus, vasculitic infarcts, tuberculomas, abscesses, and optochiasmatic arachnoiditis. Vasculitis in tuberculosis is basically at the level of lenticulostriate arteries supplying the basal ganglia and terminal cortical branches. In this case report, we present a rare case of tuberculous meningitis with extensive vasculopathy. During hospitalization, she developed acute onset right-sided classical hemiplegia with the inability to speak due to left internal carotid artery occlusion on imaging. The cerebrospinal fluid depicted very high protein levels. The exact pathogenesis of such extensive involvement in tuberculous meningitis substantiates the need for further studies.","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"313 1","pages":"169 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139331141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}