Journal of Global Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Factors Influencing Early Sputum Culture Conversion in Pulmonary Drug-resistant Tuberculosis.","authors":"Udvass Kumar Kotokey, Savitri Kumari","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_116_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_116_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>India bears the highest global burden of tuberculosis (TB), with multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) posing substantial treatment challenges. Sputum culture conversion is a vital indicator of treatment response and an early predictor of success in drug-resistant TB (DR-TB). This study aimed to evaluate the time to early sputum culture conversion (within 6 months) in DR-TB patients and identify factors influencing this outcome across different resistance patterns: MDR, MDR with fluoroquinolone resistance, MDR with second-line injectable resistance, and extensively DR-TB (XDR-TB).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted in India. Seventy-four DR-TB patients enrolled between January and October 2019 were assessed. Demographic data, comorbidities, and culture conversion times were analyzed using Chi-square tests and univariate logistic regression. <i>P</i> <0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 74 patients (62.2% male; mean age 30 years), most MDR-TB patients (52%) achieved culture conversion within 3 months, while pre-XDR and XDR cases mostly converted within 2 months. Smoking (<i>P</i> = 0.03), low body mass index (BMI) (<i>P</i> = 0.025), cavitary lesions on chest X-ray (<i>P</i> = 0.01), and lower socioeconomic status (<i>P</i> = 0.02) were significantly associated with delayed conversion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Early sputum culture conversion is a key milestone in DR-TB treatment. Addressing modifiable risk factors such as smoking, undernutrition, and cavitary disease may improve outcomes. Further studies are needed to identify interventions to accelerate culture conversion and enhance treatment success.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"18 1","pages":"27-34"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13061139/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147647514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Bilateral Nigral Hyperintensity Sign\" in Epstein-Barr Virus Encephalitis.","authors":"Sabeeha Naaz, Bhavani Madduluri, Surya Prabha Turaga, Yoshitha Balam, Arun Siddaiah","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_103_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_103_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encephalitis is a rare cause of encephalitis in India and has no pathognomic imaging findings described. Here, we describe the case of a 17-year-old male with fever, cerebellitis, and extrapyramidal involvement, followed by altered sensorium. Imaging showed T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery bilaterally symmetric hyperintensities with diffusion restriction in substantia nigra. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis and polymerase chain reaction were positive for EBV. Magnetic resonance imaging findings in EBV encephalitis are known to occur in cortical, subcortical regions, white matter, basal ganglia, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Isolated involvement of substantia nigra is less reported in the literature. Hence, this case highlights the clinical radiological correlation that can be seen in EBV encephalitis with secondary parkinsonism. The patient recovered after starting antivirals, steroids, and other symptomatic treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"18 1","pages":"45-47"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13061142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147647487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Right Patient at the Right Place: A Quality Improvement Initiative Implementing Safe Dehospitalization of Patients Using Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy.","authors":"Priscila Martini Bernardi Garzella, Thais Galoppini Felix, Nancy Oliveira Dos Santos, Lital Moro Bass, Leonardo Henrique Fiuza de Meireles, Caroline Pimenta Nunes, Ancelmo Honorato Ferraz de Sousa, Carlos Eduardo Santa Cruz Vieira, Daniela Nóbrega, Suellen Moniz, Maria Aparecida Machado, Fabiano Isidio de Lima, Maria Fernanda Trindade, Beatrice Sampaio Dos Santos Barros, Ana Claudia Mallet Souza Ramos, Priscilla Santini Ramalho, Renata Maria Cabral, Maria de Fátima Ferreira Cota, Karina Suzane Pereira Schapowal, Fabiana Rolla, Claudia Garcia de Barros, Sebastian Vernal","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_111_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_111_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Infection prevention programs promote a set of recommendations for rational antimicrobial management, encouraging outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) or step-down transitions to oral administration, when possible. However, proper selection of the right patient is critical for safe dehospitalization. The aim of the study was to report on implementing an outpatient antimicrobial management project using an improvement science framework.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A case report assessing a quality improvement initiative implementing an antimicrobial management project, DESOSP, in a Brazilian public tertiary hospital from July 2022 to June 2023. The intervention was implemented using a Breakthrough Series model, including plan-do-study-act cycles to promote OPAT and oral antimicrobial therapy (OAT) transitions. Clinical assistance outcomes were assessed from October 2022, including the dehospitalization rate of patients using antimicrobials in compliance with the eligibility criteria, the mean length of stay (MLS) of selected patients, and the hospital admission turnover rate. In addition, we used the financial data of OAT cases as a sample to estimate savings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 9 months, DESOSP increased the dehospitalization rate of eligible patients from 70% to 91%. The MLS of these patients dropped from 4.2 to 2.8 days. Turnover rate increased from 0.5 to 0.9. The readmission rates of patients receiving antibiotic therapy discharged for the same pathology within 30 days were not modified. Considering the OAT sample, we estimated savings of USD$76,949.86 (return on investment of 201.2%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Promoting a safe, structural, and systematic process, training, and engaging clinical teams seems feasible and valuable for promoting stewardship recommendations in the public healthcare system.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"18 1","pages":"3-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13061150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147646898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Sepsis Management in a Regional Community Hospital.","authors":"Hani Abdelaziz, Patrick Thibeault, Marjolaine Maher Laporte, Maryse Bernard, Nancy Cormier, Daniel Landry, Julie Steeves, Cédéric Boucher, Gary Johnston","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_37_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_37_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sepsis remains a leading cause of global mortality. Despite established guidelines by the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC), adherence to time compliance with the SSC bundle is often inconsistent. In New Brunswick hospitals, this compliance has not been studied. This study evaluates compliance with the SSC bundle in a regional community hospital in New Brunswick (NB), Canada, and its impact on clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective, single-center observational study was conducted to review sepsis and septic shock cases over 6 months. Patients were categorized into two groups: group A (sepsis or septic shock diagnosed at initial assessment) and Group B (diagnosed retrospectively based on SSC screening criteria and a Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score ≥2). The primary outcome was time compliance with SSC bundle components, while secondary outcomes included mortality, length of hospital stay, and quantity of crystalloid fluid administered.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 44 patient charts reviewed, 20 met inclusion criteria (13 Group A and 7 Group B). Initial ordering compliance for the SSC bundle within 1 h was 45%, but processing compliance was only 5%. In an extended analysis, the time frame for antibiotic administration was broadened to 3 h, increasing overall compliance with the SSC bundle to 15%. When the analysis was extended to 3 hours for all bundle measures, ordering compliance rose to 60%, and processing compliance increased to 40%. Median time to antibiotic administration was 188 min, and median time to fluid initiation was 69 min. No significant differences in primary or secondary outcomes were observed between Group A and Group B.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Delays in processing SSC bundle components highlight critical gaps in sepsis care. Implementing standardized protocols, enhancing communication, and utilizing real-time alert systems could improve compliance and patient outcomes in NB hospitals.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"18 1","pages":"19-26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13061154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147647504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral Manifestations of Monkeypox: A Global Scoping Review of Evidence.","authors":"Chitathoor Sridhar, Chandrasekaran Krithika, Ashwini Deshpande, Srijanani Santhanakrishnan, Arunagirinathan Narasingam, Balakrishnan Pachamuthu","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_17_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_17_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Monkeypox, a zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus, has emerged as a significant global public health concern, particularly due to outbreaks in non-endemic regions. While cutaneous lesions are its hallmark, oral manifestations like mucosal lesions, ulcers, and enanthema may precede other symptoms, posing unique diagnostic challenges. This review aimed to assess the prevalence, clinical features, and implications of oral manifestations of monkeypox, emphasizing their importance in medical and dental practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping review following PRISMA-ScR guidelines analyzed studies on oral symptoms of monkeypox published from 2005 to 2024. Comprehensive searches of databases like PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase were carried out and MeSH terms such as \"oral lesions,\" \"monkeypox,\" and \"stomatitis\" were used. Three independent reviewers extracted data on clinical presentations, prevalence, and implications for dental care.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Oral lesions, including ulcers, vesicles, sore throats, and necrosis on the tongue, gingiva, and buccal mucosa, are key diagnostic markers of monkeypox. Prevalence rates varied widely (7-100%), with higher rates evident in immunocompromised individuals and pediatric populations, with smaller studies often reporting higher rates. Lesions typically lasted 7-14 days, extending to three weeks in severe cases and were associated with secondary infections, pain and dysphagia particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Management included hydration, analgesics, and, in some cases, antiviral therapy like tecovirimat. The findings emphasize the need for standardized reporting of oral symptoms to enhance diagnostic accuracy and clinical care.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Oral manifestations of monkeypox are critical diagnostic and transmission markers. Dental practitioners should consider monkeypox in the differential diagnosis of unexplained oral ulcers, particularly in high-risk populations. Heightened awareness and standardized reporting can optimize diagnosis, care, and epidemic control efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"17 4","pages":"187-195"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12826637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146054794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Tuberculosis Screening Tools: A Decade-Long Network Meta-Analysis of Sensitivity and Specificity with Bibliometric Insights.","authors":"Diana Chusna Mufida, Muhammad Farhan Hibatulloh, Muhammad Yusuf Fadhil, Deva Fitra Firdausa Anwar, Cinday Kinanti Pramusinta, Zaskia Nafisa Salma, Annisa Eka Shabrina Salsabil, Aqilla Sakanti Chandrarini","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_33_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_33_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge despite numerous innovations in diagnostic methods. Accurate early identification is essential for effective TB management and prevention of disease spread.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study combined bibliometrics and network meta-analysis (NMA) to evaluate publication trends and compare the sensitivity and specificity of various TB screening tools against the gold standard, culture. Literature searches were conducted in seven databases over the period 2014-2024. Data were analyzed using a random-effects model with adjustment for quality of evidence using Confidence in NMA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 22 studies that met the inclusion criteria, 13 diagnostic tools were compared in 34 direct and 44 indirect comparisons. Culture remained the method with the best accuracy. TB molecular bacterial load assay (TB-MBLA), mNGS, and RT-<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (RT-MTB) performed closest to culture in terms of sensitivity and specificity, making them promising candidates for TB screening. No significant incoherence was found, but there was high inconsistency and heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights that molecular methods provide rapid detection and superior diagnostic performance compared to conventional methods, while also necessitating consideration of specificity factors and the risk of overdiagnosis. These findings highlight the urgent need to prioritize affordable, rapid, and scalable TB screening tools such as TB-MBLA and RT-MTB in low-resource, high-burden settings to improve early detection and reduce transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"17 4","pages":"176-186"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12826652/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146054587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges in Management of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Patients with Silicosis.","authors":"Ramakant Dixit, Komal Srivastava","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_177_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_177_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"17 4","pages":"223-224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12826634/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146054629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Diagnostic Performance of Interleukin-6, C-reactive Protein, and Soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells^-1, Individually and Combined, in Differentiating Candidemia from Bacteremia in Intensive Care Unit Patients.","authors":"Eka Khuchua, Tamar Didbaridze, Nino Gvajaia, Vasil Kupradze, Giorgi Ormotsadze, Tamar Sanikidze, Nino Intskirveli, Elene Pachkoria, Tamar Megrelishvili, Levan Ratiani","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_12_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_12_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Differentiating candidemia from bacteremia in intensive care unit (ICU) patients is critical for effective treatment but is often delayed by reliance on conventional diagnostics like blood cultures. This study evaluates the diagnostic utility of interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells^-1 (sTREM-1), individually and in combination, for distinguishing these bloodstream infections (BSIs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective observational study included 74 ICU patients with BSIs admitted to a university-affiliated hospital between September 2023 and August 2024. Biomarker levels were measured on the 2^nd day of ICU admission. Diagnostic performance was assessed using the Mann-Whitney U test, logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 74 patients, 54 (72.9%) had bacteremia and 20 (27.1%) had candidemia. IL-6 and sTREM-1 levels were significantly higher in candidemia (<i>P</i> < 0.001), whereas CRP alone did not show discriminatory power (<i>P</i> = 0.981). The combined biomarker model achieved an area under the curve of 0.818, demonstrating superior diagnostic performance compared to individual markers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>IL-6 and sTREM-1 are effective biomarkers for distinguishing candidemia from bacteremia, with CRP providing additional value in a multibiomarker model. This approach may enhance diagnostic precision and improve clinical decision-making in ICU settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"17 4","pages":"169-175"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12826643/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146054673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors of Liver Fibrosis in People Living with HIV/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.","authors":"Drupad Das, Mukesh Bairwa, Anand Sharma, Rajat Sharma, Ravi Kant","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_87_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_87_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>With Antiretroviral therapy (ART), life expectancy in people living with HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (PLHA) has improved, shifting focus to complications like liver fibrosis. Contributing factors include HIV, ART-related metabolic changes, chronic inflammation, and co-infections (hepatitis B virus [HBV]/hepatitis C virus). However, HIV's independent role in fibrosis without traditional risk factors remains unclear. This study estimated liver fibrosis prevalence among PLHA in North India and identified associated risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted over 18 months at a tertiary ART center, including 354 PLHA. Liver fibrosis was assessed using FibroScan^® and categorized into stages F0-F4. Laboratory tests included liver function, lipid profile, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and CD4 count. Metabolic syndrome was defined using the modified Adult Treatment Panel III of the National Cholesterol Education Program criteria. Statistical methods included Chi-square tests, Spearman correlation, and logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean liver stiffness was 6.27 ± 1.87 kPa. Fibrosis stages included: F0-F1 (81.4%), F2 (13.6%), F3 (4.5%), and F4 (0.6%). Among HIV monoinfected patients without conventional risk factors, 12% had significant fibrosis, compared to 34% with risk factors (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Metabolic syndrome was the strongest independent predictor (Odds ratio = 27.86, <i>P</i> < 0.001). A negative correlation was observed between high-density lipoprotein and liver stiffness (ρ = -0.29, <i>P</i> < 0.001). No significant association was found with ART regimen, CD4 count, or viral load.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Liver fibrosis was present in 18.7% of PLHA. Metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and HBV were key contributors. Routine fibrosis screening should be part of HIV care.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"17 4","pages":"200-207"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12826646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146054785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State of the Globe: Multimarker Diagnostic Strategies: A Promising Leap Forward in Differentiating Candidemia from Bacteremia.","authors":"Neeraj Kumar, Rose V Goncalves","doi":"10.4103/jgid.JGID-D-25-00034","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jgid.JGID-D-25-00034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"17 4","pages":"167-168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12826642/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146054778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}