Journal of Global Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of traumatic brain injury and associated infections in a trauma center in Northern India","authors":"Mitra Kar, C. Sahu, Pooja Singh, K. Bhaisora, Nidhi Tejan, S. Patel, U. Ghoshal","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_66_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_66_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: One of the rapidly escalating public health problems worldwide is traumatic brain injury (TBI) due to road traffic accidents. In comparison to postneurosurgery patients and other patients inhabiting the intensive care units (ICUs), patients with TBI are more susceptible to nosocomially acquired infections from the hospital milieu. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at a university hospital in Northern India from December 2018 to September 2022. All patients presenting with TBI formed the cohort of our study population. Results: A total of 72 patients with TBI were enrolled. The mean age of patients was 40.07 ± 18.31 years. The most common infections were ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) (44/72, 61.11%) and bloodstream infection (BSI) in 21 (21/72, 29.17%) patients. Concomitant infections were observed in 21 (21/72, 29.17%) patients. The common organism causing VAP was Acinetobacter spp. (29/58, 50.0%), BSI was Klebsiella pneumoniae (10/23, 43.48%), urinary tract infection was K. pneumoniae (5/16, 31.25%), and surgical site infection was Acinetobacter spp. (3/8, 37.5%) in TBI patients. An increased incidence of multidrug resistance was demonstrated in our patients. The increased length of hospital and ICU stay, ICU admission, intubation, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and hypertension were statistically significant parameters that made TBI patients prone to develop an infection. Conclusion: TBI patients suffering from underlying comorbidities are prone to develop infections with multidrug-resistant bacteria was observed among our study cohort which also mirrors the lack of adherence to infection control measures.","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"4 1","pages":"137 - 143"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139326366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State of the Globe: Doxycycline - An Old Wine in a New Bottle for Gram-Negative Sepsis.","authors":"Tanmoy Ghatak, Reuben W Holland","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_139_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_139_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"15 3","pages":"93-94"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/01/b2/JGID-15-93.PMC10549898.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41155929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serological Evidence of <i>Zika virus</i> Circulation with Dengue and Chikungunya Infections in Sri Lanka from 2017.","authors":"Harshi Abeygoonawardena,&nbsp;Namal Wijesinghe,&nbsp;Varuna Navaratne,&nbsp;Aindralal Balasuriya,&nbsp;Thi Thanh Ngan Nguyen,&nbsp;Meng Ling Moi,&nbsp;Aruna Dharshan De Silva","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_195_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_195_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Arbovirus diseases remain a public health threat in Sri Lanka. Dengue is endemic and two outbreaks of chikungunya infections have been reported. There is limited data on Zika virus (ZIKV) infections in Sri Lanka, and this could be due to a lack of comprehensive ZIKV surveillance. Our aim was to determine the presence of antibodies to dengue, chikungunya, and Zika infections in adults from a suburban population in Sri Lanka.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 149 healthy adult volunteers over 18 years of age (mean age: 43±14 years, males - 43%), with no prior diagnosed arboviral infections and no history of overseas travel, participated in the study. ELISA and neutralization assays were carried out to detect past dengue, chikungunya, or Zika infections.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 94.6% (141/149) of the participants demonstrated dengue IgG antibodies, 37.5% (56/149) were positive for chikungunya IgG, and 5.3% (8/149) were positive for anti-ZIKV IgG antibodies. Neutralization assays confirmed ZIKV-specific antibodies in 6.7% (10/149), when 40/149 of the participating population were tested.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This clearly demonstrated past ZIKV infections in this population. In addition, this study indicates that >90% of individuals had asymptomatic dengue but no serious symptoms. These results provide a cross-sectional view on the DENV, ZIKV, and CHIKV epidemic status and demonstrate a need for the implementation of enhanced surveillance and more effective measures against the spread of these arbovirus diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"15 3","pages":"113-120"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/89/d4/JGID-15-113.PMC10549900.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41120163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changing Clinical Profile and Predictors of Mortality in Patients of Acute Febrile Encephalopathy from North India.","authors":"Kunwer Abhishek Ary,&nbsp;Harpreet Singh,&nbsp;Vikas Suri,&nbsp;Kusum Sharma,&nbsp;Manisha Biswal,&nbsp;Mini P Singh,&nbsp;Chirag Kamal Ahuja,&nbsp;Parampreet Kharbanda,&nbsp;Navneet Sharma,&nbsp;Ashish Bhalla","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_18_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_18_23","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) or acute febrile encephalopathy is a clinical condition characterized by altered mental status occurring after or along with a short febrile illness. In developing countries, infections are the predominant cause of AES. Prominent infections known to cause AES include viruses (such as herpes simplex virus [HSV], Japanese Encephalitis [JE] virus, dengue, enteroviruses [EVs]), bacteria, fungus, and parasites. In the present study, we aim to analyze the etiology, clinical features, and predictors of mortality in patients presenting with acute febrile encephalopathy or acute encephalitic syndrome. The present study was a prospective observational study conducted at Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research a tertiary care center in Chandigarh, India.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 105 patients with ≥18 years of age with fever (body temperature &gt;101° F for duration ≤14 days) and altered sensorium (Glasgow coma scale [GCS] score ≤10) lasting for more than 24 h, either accompanying the fever or following it were enrolled. Demographic and clinical details were recorded on pro forma. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis was performed for all the enrolled patients at admission for cytology, CSF glucose to blood glucose ratio, protein levels, gram stain and culture sensitivity, adenosine deaminase levels, polymerase chain reaction for HSV/EV/mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) and immunoglobulin M Enzyme-linked immune assay for JE. Computed tomography of the brain was done in all patients while magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain was carried out in 75 patients.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Among the 105 patients, tubercular meningitis was seen in 27 (25.7%) patients followed by acute pyogenic meningitis in 18 (17.1%) patients. Probable viral encephalitis was present in 12 (11.4%) cases. Septic encephalopathy (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 10) and scrub typhus encephalitis (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 8), HSV encephalitis (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 6), dengue encephalitis (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 4), leptospirosis (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 3) were the other infections causing acute febrile encephalitis in our study. In addition to fever and altered sensorium common symptoms observed were headache (52.4%), vomiting (35.2%), and seizures (29.5%). The factors predicting increased mortality were female gender, fever of more than 38°C at admission, GCS &lt;7, MRI showing disease-related findings like altered signal intensity bilateral medial temporal and insular area in herpes simplex encephalitis, etc., changes, and the group of patients where a definite diagnosis could not be established during the hospital stay.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Tubercular meningitis/central nervous system TB is the predominant cause of acute febrile encephalopathy in developing countries. Scrub and dengue encephalitis are emerging as an important cause of acute febrile encephalopathy and occur predominantly in postmonsoon seasons. Acute febrile encephal","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"15 3","pages":"101-107"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/27/96/JGID-15-101.PMC10549907.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41136362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Masquerading Isolated Myocysticercosis.","authors":"Aruna Maria Bachman,&nbsp;Sudha Prasanth Reddy,&nbsp;K Mayilananthi","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_38_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_38_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"15 3","pages":"133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7e/42/JGID-15-133.PMC10549906.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41120162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis due to Disseminated Histoplasmosis in a Patient with HIV Infection.","authors":"Krishna Divyashree,&nbsp;Harpreet Singh,&nbsp;Mayur Parkhi,&nbsp;Indrani Karmakar,&nbsp;Man Updesh Singh Sachdeva,&nbsp;Vikas Suri,&nbsp;Ashish Bhalla","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_190_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_190_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is usually considered a rapidly progressive fatal illness with poor outcomes. It is of two types: primary or familial and secondary. In patients with HIV, opportunistic infections are the secondary triggers of HLH. First line of management of infection associated HLH is treatment of the underlying infection. Here, we present a case of HLH in HIV infection due to disseminated histoplasmosis managed with liposomal amphotericin B, who required immunosuppressive therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin and dexamethasone due to nonresponse to primary therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"15 3","pages":"124-126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5b/19/JGID-15-124.PMC10549904.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41120161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Curious Case of Black Limb in Tuberculosis.","authors":"Pournami Balasundaran, Heyma Krishna Manoharan, Jitendra Kishore Bhargava, Veerendra Arya, Gowtham Natarajan","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_94_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_94_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With a global burden of 10 million new cases per year, tuberculosis (TB) is a major health problem in developing countries like India, with an incidence of 2.69 million. With its varied presentations and huge infected numbers, TB continues to remain a dilemma to physicians. The incidence of peripheral gangrene in TB has been rarely reported. Presentation is mostly in the form of symmetrical peripheral gangrene related to sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Here, we present a case of 26-year-old male who presented as tubercular pyopneumothorax with peripheral gangrene involving a single limb.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"16 1","pages":"36-38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11045157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140867541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sternoclavicular Tuberculosis: An Unusual Presentation.","authors":"Shirish Sahebrao Chandanwale, Akshi Raj, Madhuri Singh, Aakriti Kundlia","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_64_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_64_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extra pulmonary tuberculosis is on the rise worldwide, and younger patients, are females. And people from Asia and Africa are at high risk. Sternoclavicular TB is extremely rare, even in countries that have a high prevalence of TB. It can be in the absence of pulmonary TB. It has a varied clinical presentation. Painless chest wall swelling can be the presenting symptom of sternoclavicular diagnosis. Ultrasonography and high-resolution computed tomography can identify the nature of the lesion and the extent of bone involvement. Aspiration from the swelling or histopathology examination is mandatory for diagnosis. Caseous necrosis is diagnostic of TB. Detection of acid-fast bacilli in smears or tissue or molecular methods is required for definitive diagnosis. A high degree of clinical suspicion is required for early diagnosis. The treatment of thoracic TB is the subject of controversy. Anti-tubercular drugs are the mainstay of treatment. Surgical intervention is basically for flattening cold abscesses and removing infected tissue, including affected bones and cartilage.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"16 1","pages":"33-35"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11045152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140854416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Doxycycline for Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacterial Infection Treatment: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Viviane de Macedo,&nbsp;Bruno Pandolfo Meneghete,&nbsp;José Cassiano Koaski,&nbsp;Ariádne Sousa Albuquerque,&nbsp;Mariana Millan Fachi","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_34_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_34_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections limit available therapeutic options. Doxycycline is an old antibiotic from the tetracycline class that exhibits a wide antibacterial action, including Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), and could be an alternative for the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i>. The study aimed to systematically identify, evaluate, and summarize the results of studies related to outcomes of treatments for MDR-GNB infections in patients treated with doxycycline.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review was conducted in four databases during weeks 41-52 of 2022: PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science, from the earliest year available on each database to December 2022. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines were followed in conducting this study, and PICO was used for the research question of this review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This scoping review found 8 retrospective studies that included 59 patients. Of these, 69% were treated for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), 27% for urinary tract infections, 2% for bloodstream infections, and 2% for wound infections, both of which were associated with VAP. The usual dosage of doxycycline was 100 mg intravenously or orally. Clinical and microbiologic improvements were achieved in 81.3% and 87% of all patients, respectively. The mortality rate was 17.3% and was exclusively due to VAP.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Doxycycline showed promising results in this review; however, randomized clinical trials or prospective cohorts are recommended to demonstrate the efficacy of doxycycline in the treatment of MDR infections with GNB.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"15 3","pages":"95-100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f6/f4/JGID-15-95.PMC10549905.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41174153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial Profile, Peritoneal Fluid White Blood Cell Count, and Outcome of Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Peritonitis at Indonesian Tertiary Hospital.","authors":"Ro Shinta Christina Solin,&nbsp;July Kumalawati,&nbsp;Yusra Yusra,&nbsp;Nuri Dyah Indrasari","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_16_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_16_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Peritonitis caused by peritoneal dialysis (PD) remains a common complication of continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD). The purpose of this study is to determine the microbial profile in CAPD-related peritonitis, the optimal cutoff of white blood cell (WBC) count, and the percentage of polymorphonuclear (PMN) in CAPD fluid in the prediction of CAPD-related peritonitis, together with the outcome of CAPD-related peritonitis at an Indonesian tertiary hospital. This is a retrospective cohort study of CAPD-related peritonitis patients at Indonesian tertiary hospitals from November 2020 to October 2022.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with suspected CAPD-related peritonitis who were tested for CAPD fluid culture and WBC count in CAPD fluid were eligible for this study. Patient's diagnosis and outcome obtained from medical records. Differences in clinical outcomes by category of microorganisms were analyzed with Fisher exact test. The Mann-Whitney test and receiver operating characteristic curve were used to determine optimal WBC and PMN cutoff.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 58 patients and 102 episodes of CAPD-related peritonitis. CAPD-related peritonitis was caused by 29.4% Gram-negative bacteria, 21.5% Gram-positive bacteria, 7.8% fungi, and 6.9% polymicrobial bacteria. CAPD fluid WBC count >79 cells/μL and PMN percentage >50% had a sensitivity of 76.4% and a specificity of 92.9% in predicting CAPD-related peritonitis. There was a significant difference in outcome between Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial peritonitis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It is critical to understand the microbial profile in CAPD-related peritonitis. Lower WBC count cutoff points in CAPD fluids may improve sensitivity in predicting CAPD-related peritonitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"15 3","pages":"108-112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b2/66/JGID-15-108.PMC10549902.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41154580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}