Journal of Global Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Orf Mimicking a Venous Ulcer in the Foot.","authors":"Dua Cebeci,&nbsp;İlkay Can,&nbsp;Görgün Bayraktaroğlu","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_158_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_158_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Orf virus is a DNA virus belonging to the parapoxvirus family which is transmitted to humans by zoonotic routes through contact with infected animals. It is a worldwide spreading pathogen that can cause significant financial losses in animal production. Here, we present the case of a 42-year-old man diagnosed with orf but presenting as a venous ulcer in his on the inside of the left foot. He had been caring for his neighbor's sheeps which had been recently ill with \"sore mouth.\" This case draws attention to the fact that orf should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with foot ulcers.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"15 3","pages":"127-129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ad/d7/JGID-15-127.PMC10549899.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41159003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pneumococcal Meningitis and Myocarditis in a Splenectomized Patient.","authors":"Chee Yik Chang","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_36_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_36_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"15 3","pages":"130-131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/47/aa/JGID-15-130.PMC10549901.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41156331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brazil at the Center of Chikungunya Outbreaks.","authors":"J Kennedy Amaral,&nbsp;Peter C Taylor,&nbsp;Robert T Schoen","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_21_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_21_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"15 3","pages":"131-132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/80/13/JGID-15-131.PMC10549908.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41159002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case of Combined Infection with Tick-Borne Encephalitis and Lyme Borreliosis with Severe Meningoencephalitis and Complete Recovery.","authors":"Yekaterina O Ostapchuk,&nbsp;Andrey M Dmitrovskiy,&nbsp;Elena A Pak,&nbsp;Yuliya V Perfilyeva","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_76_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_76_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Here, we present a case of severe meningoencephalitis caused by combined infection with tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and Lyme borreliosis (LB) in a 25-year-old woman in a rural area of Zhambyl region, Kazakhstan. She presented with fever, nausea, vomiting, weakness, sweating, severe headache, arthralgia, and malaise. The course of illness was further complicated by encephalitis with symmetric lesions of the midbrain cerebral peduncles and serous meningitis. TBE and LB co-infection were established by a two-fold increase in serum IgG titers between day 21 and day 25 of illness. Both infections responded well to combined therapy with human TBE immunoglobulins, antibiotics, antiviral drugs, glucocorticoids, and diuretics. The outcome of the disease was favorable and the patient recovered completely.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"15 2","pages":"81-83"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0a/c8/JGID-15-81.PMC10353647.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9898914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution and Functional Analyses of Mutations in Spike Protein and Phylogenic Diversity of SARS-CoV-2 Variants Emerged during the Year 2021 in India.","authors":"Vidya Gopalan,&nbsp;Aswathi Chandran,&nbsp;Kishore Arumugam,&nbsp;Monisha Sundaram,&nbsp;Selvakumar Velladurai,&nbsp;Karthikeyan Govindan,&nbsp;Nivetha Azhagesan,&nbsp;Padmapriya Jeyavel,&nbsp;Prabu Dhandapani,&nbsp;Srinivasan Sivasubramanian,&nbsp;Satish Srinivas Kitambi","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_178_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_178_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Prolonged COVID-19 pandemic accelerates the emergence and transmissibility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants through the accumulation of adaptive mutations. Particularly, adaptive mutations in spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 leads to increased viral infectivity, severe morbidity and mortality, and immune evasion. This study focuses on the phylodynamic distribution of SARS-CoV-2 variants during the year 2021 in India besides analyzing the functional significance of mutations in S-protein of SARS-CoV-2 variants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Whole genome of SARS-CoV-2 sequences (<i>n</i> = 87957) from the various parts of India over the period of January to December 2021 was retrieved from Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data. All the S-protein sequences were subjected to clade analysis, variant calling, protein stability, immune escape potential, structural divergence, Furin cleavage efficiency, and phylogenetic analysis using various <i>in silico</i> tools.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Delta variant belonging to 21A, 21I, and 21J clades was found to be predominant throughout the year 2021 though many variants were also present. A total of 4639 amino acid mutations were found in S-protein. D614G was the most predominant mutation in the S-protein followed by P681R, L452R, T19R, T478K, and D950N. The highest number of mutations was found in the N-terminal domain of S-protein. Mutations in the crucial sites of S-protein impacting pathogenicity, immunogenicity, and fusogenicity were identified. Intralineage diversity analysis showed that certain variants of SARS-CoV-2 possess high diversification.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study has disclosed the distribution of various variants including the Delta, the predominant variant, in India throughout the year 2021. The study has identified mutations in S-protein of each SARS-CoV-2 variant that can significantly impact the virulence, immune evasion, increased transmissibility, high morbidity, and mortality. In addition, it is found that mutations acquired during each viral replication cycle introduce new sub-lineages as studied by intralineage diversity analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"15 2","pages":"43-51"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7f/07/JGID-15-43.PMC10353649.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9845309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State of the Globe: Navigating the Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Mutations on COVID-19 Testing.","authors":"Rohit Kumar Varshney","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_90_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_90_23","url":null,"abstract":"The SARS-CoV-2 virus has been a persistent challenger from 2019 causing the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The occurrence of numerous mutations over the passage of time leads to the emergence of new variants. These variants have posed significant challenges to our efforts to control the spread of the disease. One particular area where their impact has been felt is in COVID-19 testing. In this editorial, we would try to explore the consequences of SARS-CoV-2 mutations on COVID-19 testing and discuss the strategies to address these challenges.","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"15 2","pages":"41-42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/46/09/JGID-15-41.PMC10353648.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9898912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case of <i>Sphingobacterium multivorum</i> Bloodstream Infection in a Critically-Ill Patient.","authors":"Syed Nabeel Muzaffar,&nbsp;Mohan Gurjar,&nbsp;Shashank Prajapati,&nbsp;Shikhar S Gupta,&nbsp;Shubhajeet Roy","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_236_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_236_22","url":null,"abstract":"A 40-year-old male with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus presented to our ICU with right thigh cellulitis and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Subsequently, he developed inferior wall myocardial infarction and right ventricular dysfunction. On examination, he was in altered sensorium, hemodynamically unstable, and had respiratory distress. He was managed for all the above-mentioned issues, which comprised management of DKA and acute coronary syndrome (dual anti-platelets, heparin, statins) and included life support therapies in the form of invasive mechanical ventilation, central line placement, IV fluid resuscitation (guided by two-dimensional echocardiography, lung ultrasonography, and hemodynamic and oxygenation parameters), vasoactive drugs and other drugs such as anti-platelets, therapeutic heparinization, and IV insulin infusion for glycemic control (with emphasis on electrolytes also). The patient stayed in ICU for a prolonged period due to neuromuscular weakness, nosocomial infections, and ischemic cardiomyopathy. Later on, he developed a grade III sacral bedsore also. One of the bugs was S. multivorum cultured from his peripheral blood during an episode of high-grade fever.","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"15 2","pages":"87-88"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ec/71/JGID-15-87.PMC10353643.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9845310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Etiological Profile and Clinico Epidemiological Patterns of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome in Tamil Nadu, India.","authors":"Vijayan Senthil Kumar,&nbsp;Srinivasan Sivasubramanian,&nbsp;Padmapriya Padmanabhan,&nbsp;Cherayi Padinjakare Anupama,&nbsp;Kiruba Ramesh,&nbsp;Palani Gunasekaran,&nbsp;Kaveri Krishnasamy,&nbsp;Satish Srinivas Kitambi","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_179_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_179_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Establishing the etiological cause of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) is challenging due to the distinct distribution of various etiological agents. This study aims to determine the etiological profiles of both viruses and bacteria and their associated clinico-epidemiological features among the AES suspected cases in Tamil Nadu, India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Samples of 5136 suspected AES cases from January 2016 to December 2020 (5 years) were subjected to the detection of etiological agents for AES through serological and molecular diagnosis methods. Further, the clinical profile, age- and gender-wise susceptibility of cases, co-infection with other AES etiological agents, and seasonality pattern with respect to various etiological agents were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AES positivity was established in 1480 cases (28.82%) among the 5136 suspected cases and the positivity for male and female groups were 57.77% and 42.23%, respectively. The pediatric group was found to be more susceptible than others. Among the etiological agents tested, the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) was the predominant followed by <i>Cytomegalovirus</i>, Herpes Simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus, Varicella Zoster virus, and others. Co-infection with other AES etiological agents was observed in 3.5% of AES-positive cases. Seasonality was observed only for vector-borne diseases such as JEV, dengue virus, and West Nile virus infections in this study.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AES was found to be a significant burden for Tamil Nadu with a diverse etiological spectrum including both sporadic and outbreak forms. Overlapping clinical manifestations of AES agents necessitate the development of region-specific diagnostic algorithm with distinct etiological profiles for early detection and effective case management.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"15 2","pages":"52-58"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cd/88/JGID-15-52.PMC10353646.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9847683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections: Effect of Patient and Pathogen Factors on Outcome.","authors":"Bharathi Arunan,&nbsp;Nishat H Ahmed,&nbsp;Arti Kapil,&nbsp;Naval K Vikram,&nbsp;Sanjeev Sinha,&nbsp;Ashutosh Biswas,&nbsp;Gita Satpathy,&nbsp;Naveet Wig","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_213_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_213_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Patients on central lines are often having multiple morbidities, and invasive devices provide a niche for biofilm formation, which makes central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), a serious concern in health-care settings, as the infections difficult to treat. In this study, we evaluated the common bacteria causing CLABSI, and various patient and pathogen factors affecting the clinical outcome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the prospective observational study, patients diagnosed with CLABSI were recruited. Extensive clinical, microbiological, and other laboratory workup was done, and observations were recorded. Congo red agar method, tube test, and microtiter plate assay were used for eliciting the biofilm-forming attributes of the bacterial pathogens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> was responsible for 48% of CLABSI, followed by Coagulase-negative <i>Staphylococci</i> (16%) and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> (12% each). Fifty-six percent of the isolates produced biofilms. The median (interquartile range) duration of hospital stay till death or discharge was 30 (20, 43) days. The all-cause mortality was 44%. Patients having a deranged liver function on the day of diagnosis (<i>P</i> value for total bilirubin 0.001 and for aspartate transaminase 0.02), and those infected with multidrug-resistant organisms (<i>P</i> value = 0.04) had significantly poor prognosis. The difference in the demographic, clinical, laboratory profile, and outcome of patients infected with biofilm producers and nonproducers was not found to be statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study throws light on various host and pathogen factors determining the cause and outcome of CLABSI patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study trying to decipher the role of biofilm formation in the virulence of pathogens and the prognosis of CLABSI.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"15 2","pages":"59-65"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/98/f2/JGID-15-59.PMC10353639.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9845306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Profile and Predictors of Mortality among Patients with Melioidosis.","authors":"Sruthi Raj,&nbsp;Sujatha Sistla,&nbsp;Deepthy M Sadanandan,&nbsp;Tamilarasu Kadhiravan,&nbsp;Basheer Mohamed Syed Rameesh,&nbsp;Deepak Amalnath","doi":"10.4103/jgid.jgid_134_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_134_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Melioidosis is an under-recognized but important infection with high mortality and morbidity. It is endemic along the coastal regions of the Southern part of India. The present study focuses on the varied clinical manifestations, associated risk factors, and outcomes in patients from the Southeastern part of India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy patients from January 2018 to June 2021 from a Tertiary Care Hospital were included and prospectively followed up from 6 months to 3 years. Cox regression was performed to test for the association of various clinical and demographic factors with overall survival.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Diabetes and occupational exposure to soil and water (78.6%) followed by alcoholism (61.4%) were the most common risk factors for melioidosis. The most frequent presentation was sepsis (47.1%), followed by skin and soft tissue infection (32.9%) and pneumonia (25.7%). Mortality was 50%. Patients with sepsis had a 3.5-fold higher risk of mortality (adjusted hazard ratio = 3.50; <i>P</i> = 0.01) while other risk factors were not significantly associated with mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lifestyle-dependent risk factors (diabetes, occupational exposure, and alcoholism) were most common among patients with melioidosis. Hospitalization among patients with sepsis is associated with high mortality despite the initiation of specific therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":51581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases","volume":"15 2","pages":"72-78"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/05/1c/JGID-15-72.PMC10353644.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9845311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}