The Open Biochemistry Journal最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Glucan and Vitamin D Supplementation on Obesity and Lipid Metabolism in Diabetic Retinopathy.","authors":"Martina Závorková,&nbsp;Vaclav Vetvicka,&nbsp;Josef Richter,&nbsp;Vlastimil Kral,&nbsp;Ivana Liehnova,&nbsp;Dobiasova L Rajnohova","doi":"10.2174/1874091X01812010036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X01812010036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease manifested by an increase of blood glucose.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effects of glucan and vitamin D supplementation in patients with diabetic retinopathy.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We evaluated the effects of 3-month supplementation with glucan and vitamin D in 54 patients with diabetic retinopathy. We measured levels of vitamin D, cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The supplementation strongly decreased the cholesterol levels and improved the levels of HDL cholesterol. In addition, vitamin D levels were strongly improved, but still not at optimal values.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>From our data, we concluded that glucan and vitamin D supplementation strongly influence lipid metabolism and have positive effects on human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":515405,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biochemistry Journal","volume":"12 ","pages":"36-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5897984/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36099297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delineating Potential Transcriptomic Association with Organochlorine Pesticides in the Etiology of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer.","authors":"Harendra K Shah,&nbsp;Muzaffer A Bhat,&nbsp;Tusha Sharma,&nbsp;Basu D Banerjee,&nbsp;Kiran Guleria","doi":"10.2174/1874091X01812010016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X01812010016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent studies have shown that there is an increased risk of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) with Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs). However, the alteration in the gene expression profile has not been explored so far. The goal of the present study is to understand the probable molecular mechanism of OCPs toxicity towards discovery of dysregulation of signaling pathway associated with differential gene expression and candidate transcriptomic set of markers in the pathophysiology of EOC in OCPs exposed population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The OCP levels were estimated by gas chromatography and whole genome differential expression study was carried out using expression microarray and candidate genes were validated using Real time RT-PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant level of OCP residues such as β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH), Heptachlor, Heptachlor epoxide B (HTEB), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p'p'-DDE) and endosulfan-I was found between healthy and EOC patients. The transcriptome profile of several genes revealed regulation of various important cellular processes such as metabolism, inflammation, cytoskeleton dysregulation of TGF and WNT pathway in EOC cases with high OCPs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides the first evidence showing that differentially expressed genes and dysregulation of signaling pathways might be associated with significant level of OCPs exposure in ovary tissue of epithelial ovarian cancer patients. Moreover, significant correlation of these genes with OCPs revealed that OCPs exposure played vital role in dysregulation of related pathways in the etiology of EOC.</p>","PeriodicalId":515405,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biochemistry Journal","volume":"12 ","pages":"16-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5848219/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35946049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secretion of Legumain Increases in Conditioned Medium from DJ-1-Knockout Cells and in Serum from DJ-1-Knockout Mice.","authors":"Takuya Yamane,&nbsp;Izumi Kato-Ose,&nbsp;Tatsuji Sakamoto,&nbsp;Yoshihisa Nakano","doi":"10.2174/1874091X01812010029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X01812010029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Asparaginyl endopeptidase, also known as legumain (EC 3.4.22.34) shows strong activity in the mouse kidney. Legumain is also highly expressed in tumors. DJ-1/PARK7 is a Parkinson's disease- and cancer-associated protein. DJ-1 is a coactivator of various transcription factors. Recently, we reported that transcription of the legumain gene is regulated by p53 through DJ-1.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We measured the secretion levels of legumain in a conditioned medium of DJ-1 knockout cells and in serum from DJ-1 knockout mice using Western blotting and ELISA. We performed immunocytochemical staining of legumain to examine the localization of legumain in DJ-1-knockout cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that the secretion levels of legumain were increased in the conditioned medium of DJ-1-knockout cells and in serum from DJ-1-knockout mice. Dot structures of legumain were also increased in DJ-1-knockout cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results suggest that legumain secretion from DJ-1-knockout cells and in mice increases through its increased expression and accumulation in membrane-associated vesicles.</p>","PeriodicalId":515405,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biochemistry Journal","volume":"12 ","pages":"29-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5842380/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35914510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical Characterization of Two Clinically-Relevant Human Fumarase Variants Defective for Oligomerization.","authors":"Artemisa Bulku,&nbsp;Todd M Weaver,&nbsp;Melanie B Berkmen","doi":"10.2174/1874091X01812010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X01812010001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fumarase, a significant enzyme of energy metabolism, catalyzes the reversible hydration of fumarate to L-malate. Mutations in the <i>FH</i> gene, encoding human fumarase, are associated with fumarate hydratase deficiency (FHD) and hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC). Fumarase assembles into a homotetramer, with four active sites. Interestingly, residues from three of the four subunits within the homotetramer comprise each active site. Hence, any mutation affecting oligomerization is predicted to disrupt enzyme activity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We constructed two variants of hexahistidine-tagged human recombinant fumarase, A308T and H318Y, associated with FHD and HLRCC, respectively. Both Ala308 and His318 lie within the fumarase intersubunit interface. We purified unmodified human fumarase and the two variants, and analyzed their enzymatic activities and oligomerization states <i>in vitro</i>.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both variants showed severely diminished fumarase activity. Steady-state kinetic analysis demonstrated that the variants were largely defective due to decreased turnover rate, while displaying K_m values for L-malate similar to unmodified human recombinant fumarase. Blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration experiments revealed that each variant had an altered oligomerization state, largely forming homodimers rather than homotetramers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We conclude that A308T and H318Y render human fumarase enzymatically inactive via defective oligomerization. Therefore, some forms of FHD and HLRCC can be linked to improperly folded quaternary structure.</p>","PeriodicalId":515405,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biochemistry Journal","volume":"12 ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1874091X01812010001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35842617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma L-Carnitine and L-Lysine Concentrations in HIV-Infected Patients.","authors":"Evgeny V Butorov","doi":"10.2174/1874091X01711010119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X01711010119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Virus infections are associated with significant alterations in host cells amino acids profiles that support biosynthetic demands necessary for production of viral progeny. Amino acids play an important role in the pathogenesis of all virus-related infections both as basic substrates for protein synthesis and as regulators in many metabolic pathways.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Our aim was to determine the changes in plasma L-carnitine levels and its amino acid precursor (L-lysine) in HIV-infected patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a case-control study of 430 HIV-1 infected males (non-vegetarians) without any restriction in the nourishment, before highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and 125 HIV-1 subjects after the introduction of HAART who were periodically monitored in the Municipal Center of HIV/AIDS prophylaxis, Surgut, Russian Federation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The plasma total (TC) and free (FC) L-carnitine concentrations markedly decreased with the clinical stages of HIV infection. The mean plasma TC, FC and L-lysine levels were significantly lower in asymptomatic stage (A) and advanced CDC stages (B, C) HIV-infected patients compared with our reference values. The total and free L-carnitine and its amino acid precursor concentrations mild increased in HIV-infected subjects after the introduction of HAART.Our data revealed that L-lysine amino acid and its derivative (TC) levels were negatively correlated with viral load and inversely with CD4 count lymphocytes in the total cohort.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study results show that there was evidence for an association between plasma L-carnitine, L-lysine and HIV-1 RNA levels, immunological markers and clinical stages of HIV infection. The obtained data indicate that level changes of these host essential nutritional elements can play an important role in the HIV life cycle. These findings are important for understanding the pathophysiology of HIV infection and must be considered in further research for the development of new approaches in the treatment of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":515405,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biochemistry Journal","volume":"11 ","pages":"119-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5750727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35782964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflammatory Markers and Plasma Lipids in HIV Patients: A Correlation Analysis Study.","authors":"Rudo Muswe,&nbsp;Olav Oktedalen,&nbsp;Danai T Zhou,&nbsp;Enita Zinyando,&nbsp;Sandra Shawarira-Bote,&nbsp;Babill Stray-Pedersen,&nbsp;Atipa Siziba,&nbsp;Zvenyika A R Gomo","doi":"10.2174/1874091X01711010105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X01711010105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent evidence suggests that HIV infection, even with treatment, increases the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and that both chronic inflammation and traditional risk factors play key roles in HIV-associated CHD.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>Patients (N=152), attending Harare HIV clinic, 26% of them male and 82% of them on antiretroviral therapy (ART), were studied. Inflammatory markers comprising of cytokines such as pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor-α, (TNF-α), anti-inflammatory interleukin 10, (IL-10) and highly sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP) together with lipids were assayed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immuno-turbidimetric and enzymatic assays, respectively. Correlation analysis of inflammatory markers versus lipid profiles was carried out using bivariate regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and inflammatory hsCRP levels were elevated when measured in all the HIV positive patients, while TNF-α and lipid levels were within normal ranges. Pro-inflammatory TNF-α was significantly higher in ART-naive patients than ART-experienced patients, whereas the reverse was observed for anti-inflammatory IL-10 and anti-atherogenic HDL-C. Correlation analysis indicated a significant positive linear association between IL-10 and total cholesterol (TC) levels but no other correlations were found.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High cytokine ratio (TNF-α/IL-10) indicates higher CHD risk in ART-naive patients compared to the ART-exposed. The CHD risk could be further strengthened by interplay between inflammatory markers and high prevalence of low HDL-C. Lack of correlation between pro-inflammatory markers (hsCRP and TNF-α) with lipid fractions and correlation between anti-inflammatory IL-10 with artherogenic TC were unexpected findings, necessitating further studies in future.</p>","PeriodicalId":515405,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biochemistry Journal","volume":"11 ","pages":"105-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5750726/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35782962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Studies on the Lipid Composition of Blood Plum (<i>Haematostaphis Barteri</i>) Pulp and Seed Oils.","authors":"Matthew Olaleke Aremu,&nbsp;Hashim Ibrahim,&nbsp;Chrysantus Andrew","doi":"10.2174/1874091X01711010094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X01711010094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exploring under-utilized plant fruits could be of high significance for food security and nutritional requirements, therefore, it can effectively add to the overall improvement of a nation's economy. Blood plum (<i>Haematostaphis barteri</i>) is a wild edible vegetable and its fruit contains pulp and oily seed which are edible.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A study was carried out to determine fatty acid profile, phospholipid and phytosterol contents as well as some physicochemical parameters of pulp and seed oils of <i>Haematostaphis barteri</i> (popularly known as blood plum) using standard analytical techniques.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most concentrated fatty acids were palmitic acid (15.34%) < oleic acid (22.31%) < linoleic acid (50.56%) for the pulp oil while that of seed oil were oleic acid (12.34%) < palmitic acid (25.37%) < linoleic acid (38.87%). Arachidic, behenic, lignoceric and palmitoleic acids were all present in small quantities with none of them recording up to 1.0% in either of the samples. Lauric was determined but not detected in the pulp oil. The fatty acid composition of pulp and seed oils contained a healthy mixture of all the types of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. The value of polyunsaturated/saturated index (P/S) which is associated to the impact on human health was higher in the pulp oil (2.47). Phospatidylinositol had the highest content (17.69 mg/100g) in the pulp oil while the highest content in seed oil was phosphatidylcholine (351.82 mg/100g). The total phytosterols for pulp and seed oils were 17.09 and 436.37 mg/100g, respectively. The results of some physicochemical parameters of pulp and seed oils were colour (light amber yellow and pale yellow), kinematic viscosity (9.15 and 10.62 mm²/s), specific gravity (0.92 and 0.92), unsaponifiable matter (1.63 and 2.54%), flash point 29.00 and 295.00^oC), saponification value (189.40 and 190.22 mg KOH/g), peroxide value (8.15 and 9.20 meq O₂/kg), iodine value (94.24 and 122.42 mg of I/100 g) and acid value (16.50 and 24.00 mg KOH/g), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Generally, high percentage PUFA and low value of cholesterol may make either of the sample oils, a good food source on health wise basis. It was also revealed that both sample oils may be developed into a commercial product for use in food products.</p>","PeriodicalId":515405,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biochemistry Journal","volume":"11 ","pages":"94-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5725564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35706137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatic and Aortic Arch Expression and Serum Levels of Syndecan-1 in ApoE^-/- Mice.","authors":"Elena I Leonova,&nbsp;Elena S Sadovnikova,&nbsp;Elvira R Shaykhutdinova,&nbsp;Oxana V Galzitskaya,&nbsp;Arkady N Murashev,&nbsp;Alexandr S Solonin","doi":"10.2174/1874091X01711010077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X01711010077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) syndecan-1 (Sdc1) acts as a receptor for triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs), growth factors, chemokines and enzymes. Due to the disordered structure, its function is as diverse as its ligands. In this paper, we have analyzed hepatic and aortic arch expression of Sdc1 in ApoE^-/- mice and examined their association with biochemical changes in plasma during the atheroma formation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ApoE knockout (ApoE^-/-) mice as a model of atherosclerosis were used. Plasma chemistry parameters were estimated by automatic biochemical analyzer. The ELISA test was used to detect soluble Sdc1. The mRNA level of syndecan-1 in liver cells and aortic arch was determined by real time PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Sdc1 mRNA level in liver cells was 1.5-2.5 times higher in ApoE^-/- mice compared to the wild-type species and increased with age, whereas it remained at the same level in wild-type mice upon aging. Furthermore, the plasma cholesterol level was 4-6 times higher in ApoE^-/- mice compared to the wild type; in contrast, triglyceride (TG) remained at the same level. Simultaneously, the expression of Sdc1 in the aortic arch of ApoE^-/- mice decreases with age; however, it increases in wild-type mice of the same age. We determined that the Sdc1 mRNA expression in liver cells is significantly higher compared to the cells of aortic arch. In addition, our research demonstrated that the level of soluble Sdc1 slightly increased with age and did not depend on mouse genotype; yet, the total amount of soluble Sdc1 was higher in ApoE^-/- mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data suggest that the level of soluble Sdc1 in serum of mice can be associated with chronic inflammation. In addition, we hypothesized that a compensatory increase in the Sdc1 expression in ApoE^-/- mice may prevent accumulation of triglycerides in serum, yet having no effect on cholesterol accumulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":515405,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biochemistry Journal","volume":"11 ","pages":"77-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5676011/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35261397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Triton X-100 and PEG on the Catalytic Properties and Thermal Stability of Lipase from <i>Candida Rugosa</i> Free and Immobilized on Glyoxyl-Agarose.","authors":"Rafael F Perna,&nbsp;Poliana C Tiosso,&nbsp;Letícia M Sgobi,&nbsp;Angélica M S Vieira,&nbsp;Marcelo F Vieira,&nbsp;Paulo W Tardioli,&nbsp;Cleide M F Soares,&nbsp;Gisella M Zanin","doi":"10.2174/1874091X01711010066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X01711010066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Candida rugosa</i> Lipase (CRL) shows a very low alkaline stability that comprises its immobilization on glyoxyl-agarose, which requires pH above 10. In this way, an adaptation from the original method was used; an enzyme solution at pH 7 was slowly added at a suspension of glyoxyl-agarose prepared in bicarbonate buffer, pH 10. This change of protocol was enough for allowing the preparation of derivatives actives of CRL on glyoxyl-agarose and verifying the effect of this modified procedure on the properties of the immobilized enzyme. The effect of the additives Triton-X-100 and polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the enzymatic activity recovery and immobilized enzyme stability was evaluated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The glyoxyl-agarose support was prepared by etherification of 6% agarose beads with glycidol and further oxidation with sodium periodate. CRL was immobilized covalently on glyoxyl-agarose support in the absence and presence of 1% (w/v) Triton-X-100 or 5 g L^-1 polyethylene glycol (PEG). The lipolysis activity of the free and immobilized enzyme was determined at 37ºC and pH 7.0, using p-nitrophenyl palmitate (p-NPP) as substrate. Profiles of temperature-activity (37-65ºC, pH 7.0) and pH-activity (6.0-9.5, 37ºC) were evaluated as well as thermal (45ºC and pH 8.0) and operational (15 min batches of p-NPP hydrolysis at 50ºC and pH 8.0) stabilities of free and immobilized CRL.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using a single modification of the original protocol, the CRL poorly stable under alkaline conditions could be immobilized on glyoxyl-agarose in its active conformation (recovered activity varying from 10.3 to 30.4%). Besides, the presence of a detergent (Triton-X-100) and an enzyme stabilizer (PEG) contributed to the preparation of more active and more stable biocatalysts, respectively. CRL immobilized on glyoxyl-agarose in the presence of PEG was around 5 times more stable than the free CRL and around 3 times more stable than the CRL immobilized on glyoxyl-agarose in absence of PEG. The higher stability of the CRL-glyoxyl derivative prepared in the presence of PEG allowed its reuse in four successive 15 min-batches of p-nitrophenyl palmitate hydrolysis at 50ºC and pH 8.0.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The technique of immobilizing enzymes covalently on glyoxyl-agarose showed promising results for Candida rugosa lipase (CRL). The derivatives prepared in the presence of the additives retained two to three times more activity than those prepared in the absence of additives. The enzyme immobilized in presence of PEG was about three times more stable than the enzyme immobilized in absence of this additive. Maximum catalytic activity of the immobilized CRL (in absence of additives) was observed in a temperature 10ºC above that for the free enzyme and the pH of the maximum activity was maintained in the range 6.5-7.5 for free and immobilized CRL.</p>","PeriodicalId":515405,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biochemistry Journal","volume":"11 ","pages":"66-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1874091X01711010066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35698931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Docosahexaenoic Acid Inhibits Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation Induced by Glucose Variability.","authors":"Kaliyaperumal Rani,&nbsp;Nway Y Aung","doi":"10.2174/1874091X01711010056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X01711010056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vascular Smooth Muscle cells (VSMC) enact crucial roles in early vasculogenesis and sustenance of vascular integrity. However, aberrant proliferation of VSMC followed by migration into the blood vessel wall leads to the formation of vascular lesions accounting for the degeneration and remodelling of vascular basement membrane. In diabetes, hyperglycaemia accelerates VSMC proliferation and contributes to the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Recently, acute glucose fluctuations have been implicated in the abnormal VSMC proliferation and complications of diabetic atherosclerosis. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) has been shown to inhibit proliferation of several cell types implicating several different mechanisms. In the present study, we have investigated the effects of DHA on VSMC proliferation induced by stable and intermittent high glucose levels.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Confluent cultures of rat aortic VSMCs were treated with DHA for 24 hrs and then exposed to stable high glucose (25 mmol/L, SHG) or intermittent high glucose (5 mmol/L and 25 mmol/L alternating every 12 hrs, IHG) for 72 hrs. Cell proliferation was examined by the MTT viability assay, while apoptosis process was evaluated by the Hoechst staining, flow cytometry and caspase-3 activity assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our data demonstrated that the hyper proliferation induced by stable and intermittent high glucose levels was significantly inhibited by the DHA pre-treatment. DHA significantly increased caspase-3 activity, resulting in enhanced DNA fragmentation and apoptosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results suggest that DHA reduced the high glucose-induced proliferation of VSMC and induced cell apoptosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":515405,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biochemistry Journal","volume":"11 ","pages":"56-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5543665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35445341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}