The Open Biochemistry Journal最新文献

{"title":"Alzheimer's Disease and Paraoxonase 1 (<i>PON1</i>) Gene Polymorphisms.","authors":"Mohsen Saeidi,&nbsp;Raheleh Shakeri,&nbsp;Abdoljalal Marjani,&nbsp;Safoura Khajeniazi","doi":"10.2174/1874091X01711010047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X01711010047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Some studies have indicated that human paraoxonase 1 (<i>PON1</i>) activity shows a polymorphic distribution. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of <i>PON1</i> polymorphism in patients with Alzheimer's disease in Gorgan and compare it with a healthy control group.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study included 100 healthy individuals and 50 patients. Enzyme activity and genetic polymorphism of <i>PON1</i> were determined.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>There were significant differences in distribution of genotypes and alleles among patients and control group. The most common genotype was CT in patients and control group, while the most frequent alleles were T and C in patients and controls, respectively. There was a statistically significant variation between serum <i>PON1</i> activity and -108C> T polymorphism. The highest <i>PON1</i> enzyme activities in the patients and controls were found in CC, while lower enzyme activities were seen in CT and TT genotypes in both genders and age groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Onset of Alzheimer's disease may depend on different polymorphisms of the <i>PON1</i> enzyme. Late or early-onset of Alzheimer's disease may also depend on age and gender distribution, especially for arylesterase enzyme. Further studies on polymorphism of the enzyme are necessary for interpretation of possible polymorphic effects of enzyme on <i>PON1</i> activity in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":515405,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biochemistry Journal","volume":"11 ","pages":"47-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5481621/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35158927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Cysteine Ubiquitylation Sites on the Sec23A Protein of the COPII Complex Required for Vesicle Formation from the ER.","authors":"Giuseppina Amodio,&nbsp;Luigi Margarucci,&nbsp;Ornella Moltedo,&nbsp;Agostino Casapullo,&nbsp;Paolo Remondelli","doi":"10.2174/1874091X01711010036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X01711010036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>COPII is a multiprotein complex that surrounds carrier vesicles budding from the Endoplasmic Reticulum and allows the recruitment of secretory proteins. The Sec23a protein plays a crucial role in the regulation of the dynamics of COPII formation ensuring the proper function of the secretory pathway.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Since few evidences suggest that ubiquitylation could have a role in the COPII regulation, the present study was aimed to establish whether the Sec23a component of the vesicular envelope COPII could be ubiquitylated.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Sec23a ubiquitylation was revealed by co-immunoprecipitation experiments. Recombinant Sec23a was gel-purified and analyzed by mass spectrometry subjected to trypsin proteolysis. Signature peptides were identified by the presence of Gly-Gly remnants from the C-terminus of the ubiquitin attached to the amino acid residues of the substrate. Recombinant Sec23a proteins bearing mutations in the ubiquitylation sites were used to evaluate the effect of ubiquitylation in the formation of COPII.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified two cysteine ubiquitylation sites showed at position 432 and 449 of the Sec23a protein sequence. Interestingly, we revealed that the amino acid residues of Sec23a joined to ubiquitin were cysteine instead of the conventional lysine residues. This unconventional ubiquitylation consists of the addition of one single ubiquitin moiety that is not required for Sec23a degradation. Immunofluorescence results showed that Sec23a ubiquitylation might influence COPII formation by modulating Sec23a interaction with the ER membrane. Presumably, this regulation could occur throughout continual ubiquitylation/de-ubiquityliation cycles.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results suggest a novel regulatory mechanism for the Sec23a function that could be crucial in several pathophysiological events known to alter COPII recycling.</p>","PeriodicalId":515405,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biochemistry Journal","volume":"11 ","pages":"36-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5427705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35035783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Protease Specificity Using Biotin-Labeled Substrates.","authors":"Hiroyuki Yamamoto,&nbsp;Syota Saito,&nbsp;Yoshikazu Sawaguchi,&nbsp;Michio Kimura","doi":"10.2174/1874091X01711010027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X01711010027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Proteolysis constitutes a major post-translational modification. For example, proteases regulate the activation or inactivation of various proteins, such as enzymes, growth factors, and peptide hormones. Proteases have substrate specificity, and protease expression regulates the specific and regional activation or inactivation of several functional proteins.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We demonstrate a novel method for determining protease specificity through the use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry with biotin-labeled substrates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This method was able to determine the specificity of TPCK-trypsin, V8 protease, elastase and cyanogen bromide cleavage, and the results were similar to previous reports. In addition, the method can be used to measure crude samples, such as tumor extracts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We demonstrated that this method could identify protease specificity after simple processing, even for crude samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":515405,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biochemistry Journal","volume":"11 ","pages":"27-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5418938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35049753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioeconomic Deprivation as Measured by the Index of Multiple Deprivation and Its Association with Low Sex Hormone Binding Globulin in Women.","authors":"Adrian Heald,&nbsp;Ian Laing,&nbsp;David J McLernon,&nbsp;Rachelle Donn,&nbsp;Andrew J Hartland,&nbsp;Anthony A Fryer,&nbsp;Mark Livingston","doi":"10.2174/1874091X01711010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X01711010001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) is a marker of insulin resistance. Given established links between BMI and socioeconomic disadvantage, we investigated how SHBG varies by index of multiple deprivation (IMD).</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>Using laboratory data from a Midlands UK population of mixed ethnicity, we examined the relation between blood concentrations of SHBG and IMD in 1160 women aged between 17 and 71 years. Women with a serum SHBG >250 nmol/L were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean age was 28.7 (95% confidence interval (CI) 28.2-29.1) years. 48.2% of women were of Caucasian origin, 15.5% of Southern Asian ethnicity and 2.6% were of African or other origin (33.7% were of unknown origin). SHBG increased with age (Spearman's ρ=0.195; p<0.001). A higher proportion of women of South Asian origin <i>versus</i> other ethnic groups had an SHBG <30 nmol/L (OR 1.93 (95% CI 1.37-2.71)). SHBG level was lower in individuals with greater socioeconomic disadvantage as measured by IMD (Spearman's ρ= -0.09; p=0.004 for SHBG <i>versus</i> IMD). In multivariate logistic regression, IMD women in the quartiles 2-5 (higher socioeconomic disadvantage) were more likely to have an SHBG <30 nmol/L (compatible with significant insulin resistance) <i>versus</i> quartile 1 (odds ratio (OR) 1.71 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17-2.53), adjusted for age (OR=0.97 (95% CI 0.95-0.98)) and ethnicity (for South Asian ethnicity OR=2.00 (95% CI 1.42-2.81) <i>versus</i> the rest).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lower SHBG levels in women are associated with a higher level of socioeconomic disadvantage. Given the known association between lower SHBG and higher plasma glucose, our findings suggest a link between socioeconomic disadvantage and future risk of type 2 diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":515405,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biochemistry Journal","volume":"11 ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5388792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34955867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Optimization of Soluble PTEN Expression in Escherichia coli.","authors":"Yamei Hu,&nbsp;Yang An,&nbsp;Na Fang,&nbsp;Yanzhang Li,&nbsp;Haiying Jin,&nbsp;Adil Nazarali,&nbsp;Shaoping Ji","doi":"10.2174/1874091X01509010042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X01509010042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As a vital tumor suppressor, PTEN (Phosphatase and tension homolog deleted on chromosome 10) is involved in inherited syndromes, and is among the most frequently inactivated tumor suppressor gene in sporadic cancers. PTEN loss-of-function widely occurs in human cancers via a variety of mechanisms, including genetic alterations and posttranslational modification. These suggest PTEN has a role of functional importance in a variety of cancers. In the present study, we constructed a prokaryotic expression vector that efficiently expresses GST-PTEN (the target protein in which PTEN is fused with glutathione S-transferase tag) in E. coli. We found that the target protein was partially soluble although major portions of the protein remained in the inclusion bodies. Furthermore, we explored the optimal induction temperature, isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) concentration and induction time in a series of experiments. Expression level analysis indicated that PTEN reached its peak level at 36(○)C for 8 h with 1.5625mM IPTG, while solubility analysis revealed the optimal induction temperature was at 20(○)C, the optimal IPTG concentration was 0.1µM and the optimal induction time was up to 8 h. Taken together, we provide an optimal induction condition for expressing soluble fusion protein of PTEN in E. coli, facilitating further analysis of PTEN's biological function in vitro. </p>","PeriodicalId":515405,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biochemistry Journal","volume":"9 ","pages":"42-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d6/65/TOBIOCJ-9-42.PMC4598374.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34152179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Polymorphism of Cytochrome p450 (2C9) Enzyme in Iranian Baluch Ethnic Group.","authors":"Mojdeh Ghiyas Tabari,&nbsp;Fatemeh Naseri,&nbsp;Maryam Agh Ataby,&nbsp;Abdoljalal Marjani","doi":"10.2174/1874091X01509010037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X01509010037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the present study is to assess and compare the frequencies of the cytochrome P450 CYP2C9 variations in the Baluch ethnic group (n=110) with other ethnic groups. The allele frequencies of CYP2C9*1, CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 were 80.90%, 11.82% and 7.27%, respectively. 70.90%, 11.82%, 8.18%, 4.55%, 2.73% and 1.82% of subjects were with CYP2C9*1/*1, CYP2C9*1/*2, CYP2C9*1/*3, CYP2C9*2/*2, CYP2C9*2/*3 and CYP2C9*3/*3 genotypes, respectively. Different mutants may effect on prediction of drug dose requirements in different ethnic groups. Thus, CYP2C9 variants to be determined for findings high risk groups use optimal dosage of drugs metabolized by this polymorphic enzyme. </p>","PeriodicalId":515405,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biochemistry Journal","volume":"9 ","pages":"37-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1874091X01509010037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34152178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) and Prostate Volume: Better Predictor of Prostate Cancer for Bosnian and Herzegovina Men.","authors":"Jozo Coric,&nbsp;Jasminka Mujic,&nbsp;Elma Kucukalic,&nbsp;Daria Ler","doi":"10.2174/1874091X01509010034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X01509010034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The serum prostate specific antigen for the early detection and screening for prostate cancer are very common used among physicians as the best screening tool for prostate cancer. The result of prostate specific antigen levels discriminates whether or not a prostate biopsy should be performed. The lack of specificity is a limitation of PSA as tumor marker, increased PSA concentrations are found not only in patients with prostate cancer but also in patients with benign prostatic disease. The object of this study was to improve the specificity and sensitivity of prostatic cancer detection. We evaluated total PSA levels, free PSA levels and the prostate volume in asymptomatic patients which came for routine check without medical history of prostate cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We received medical record of 90 patients between 50-60 years. Total and free PSA in serum was measured with the analyzer Architeckt i2000 SR. Prostate volume was determined by transrectal ultrasound.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ratio of total and free PSA levels to prostate volume was significantly (p < 0.001) between all three groups. It was observed that increased prostate volume correlates with increased level of total and free PSA in serum.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Early studies have demonstrated the advantage of measuring prostate volume with PSA total and free levels in serum as a useful tool for early diagnosis of prostate cancer. Data from this study on 90 patients with total PSA in the range from 0,22-7,0 ng/ml confirmed the well known correlation. All three parameters total PSA, free PSA and prostate volume showed significant correlation and a useful tool in prediction of prostate cancer for Bosnia and Herzegovina men.</p>","PeriodicalId":515405,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biochemistry Journal","volume":"9 ","pages":"34-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fa/57/TOBIOCJ-9-34.PMC4484347.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34270334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical and In-silico Studies on Pectin Methylesterase from G9 Variety of Musa acuminata for Delayed Ripening.","authors":"Charu Verma,&nbsp;Singh R K,&nbsp;Ram B Singh,&nbsp;Sanjay Mishra","doi":"10.2174/1874091X01509010015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X01509010015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ripening of fruit is a very important process but in some fruits early ripening leads to a great damage during long distance transportation. There are various biochemical changes taking place during the phase of ripening of fruit such as changes in respiration, aroma, flavor, ethylene production and activity of cell wall degrading enzymes. Some important cell wall degrading enzymes are Polygalacturonase (PG), Pectin methylesterase (PME), Pectin lyase, RGase. PME is known to act as a cell wall hydrolyzing enzyme, responsible for demethyl esterification of cell wall polygalacturonan. The present study includes the biochemical and molecular characterization of PME from Grand naine variety of Musa acuminata (banana). This study also deals with the in-silico study reflecting inhibition of PME activity in context to delayed ripening in banana. It mainly deals with the identification of a PME1 gene from Grand naine variety of banana. The expression of this gene is related with the process of ripening. The expression of PME1 gene was observed to be peaked on 3(rd) day in ethylene treated samples of banana but the activity in untreated samples called control was rather slow and then there was a sudden decrease in their activity in both treated as well as untreated samples. With the help of in-silico study, we observed that banana has maximum homology with carrot by using cross species analysis.The designed model has been reported to be of good quality on the basis of its verification and validation. The designed model was observed to be appropriate for docking. The information of binding sites of ligand provides new insights into the predictable functioning of relevant protein. </p>","PeriodicalId":515405,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biochemistry Journal","volume":"9 ","pages":"15-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/58/43/TOBIOCJ-9-15.PMC4407003.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33262996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphorylation on TRPV4 Serine 824 Regulates Interaction with STIM1.","authors":"Sung H Shin,&nbsp;Eun J Lee,&nbsp;Jaesun Chun,&nbsp;Sunghee Hyun,&nbsp;Sang S Kang","doi":"10.2174/1874091X01509010024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X01509010024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The TRPV4 cation channel, a member of the TRP vanilloid subfamily, is expressed in a broad range of tissues where it participates in the generation of a Ca2+ signal and/or depolarization of membrane potential. Here, we identified stromal interaction molecule 1 precursor (STIM1) as an auxiliary protein of this epithelial Ca2+channel using confocal microscopy analysis and GST pull-down assay. The STIM1 protein associates specifically with the C-terminal tail of TRPV4 to form a complex. In previous reports, we demonstrated that the serine824 residue of TRPV4 is one of the target phosphorylation sites of serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1). In this report we further identified the role of serine 824 phosphorylation. The TRPV4 mutant S824D (not S824A) exhibited a diminished capacity to bind STIM1. Using GST pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation assays, we demonstrated that STIM1 is part of the TRPV4 protein complex. Our observations clearly suggest that the formation of a complex between TRPV4 and STIM1 and its plasma membrane localization are regulated through phosphorylation of serine824 of TRPV4, and that the STIM1-TRPV4 complex plays crucial roles in routing TRPV4 to the plasma membrane from the endoplasmic reticulum and in maintaining its function. </p>","PeriodicalId":515405,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biochemistry Journal","volume":"9 ","pages":"24-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9b/ce/TOBIOCJ-9-24.PMC4412957.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33176896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of hemoglobin concentration in pregnancy and correlation with different altitude: a study from balochistan plateau of pakistan.","authors":"Zubaida Umar,&nbsp;Mahmood Rasool,&nbsp;Muhammad Asif,&nbsp;Sajjad Karim,&nbsp;Arif Malik,&nbsp;Gohar Mushtaq,&nbsp;Mohammad A Kamal,&nbsp;Arsala Mansoor","doi":"10.2174/1874091X01509010007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X01509010007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anemia refers to a condition having low hemoglobin concentration. Anemia is considered a major risk factor for unfavorable pregnancy outcomes. This is the first study describing the pattern of hemoglobin concentration during pregnancy and its relationship to areas of high and low altitudes in Balochistan (the largest of Pakistan's four provinces). The main objective of this study was to observe hemoglobin levels and prevalence of anemia among pregnant women living in the high or low altitude areas of Balochistan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomized survey was conducted and blood samples were collected from 132 healthy full term pregnant women subjects and 110 unmarried females. The subjects of the current study were selected from two different areas of Balochistan (Quetta and Uthal). Hemoglobin levels of the subjects were analyzed on Microlab 300 by Merck kit. Dietary status of the subjects was assessed based on simplified associated food frequency questionnaire. The factors effecting hemoglobin in full term pregnancy at different altitudes were multi gravidity/parity (increased number of pregnancies/children), age, socio-economic and educational status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Anemia was highly prevalent in low-altitude region (68.33%). We found statistically significant difference in mean hemoglobin level at high-altitude region (11.81 ± 1.02) and low-altitude region (10.20 ± 1.28) in pregnant females of Balochistan plateau (P < 0.001). Higher maternal age (> 35 years) has shown significantly higher anemic frequency at both high (57.89%; p < 0.002) and low (41.46%; p = 0.067) altitudes. A balanced-diet that is rich in meat products has also shown significant correlation with reduced incidences of anemia among pregnant women at both altitudes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hemoglobin concentration increases in the body with elevated altitudes and, thus, anemia was less frequent at high-altitude region. Factors affecting hemoglobin concentration in full term pregnancy at different altitudes included old maternal age, low body-mass index, education and diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":515405,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biochemistry Journal","volume":"9 ","pages":"7-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/20/f8/TOBIOCJ-9-7.PMC4347023.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33104258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}