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Transgenerational transmission of suffering: State violence, memory, and aspiration for alternative intimate lives in contemporary China 苦难的跨代传递:当代中国国家暴力、记忆和对另类亲密生活的渴望
IF 0.6 4区 社会学
Ethos Pub Date : 2023-01-08 DOI: 10.1111/etho.12374
Shanni Zhao
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引用次数: 0
What it is to see: Artificial vision as constitutive interaction 看到什么:人工视觉是构成性互动
IF 0.6 4区 社会学
Ethos Pub Date : 2023-01-04 DOI: 10.1111/etho.12367
Cordelia Erickson-Davis MD PhD
{"title":"What it is to see: Artificial vision as constitutive interaction","authors":"Cordelia Erickson-Davis MD PhD","doi":"10.1111/etho.12367","DOIUrl":"10.1111/etho.12367","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Visual prosthesis (VP) devices—devices that electrically stimulate the visual system with the goal of restoring vision to individuals who have lost it—are the literal construal of the orthodox theory of vision that holds that perception is an “indirect” process. In this theory, vision is an image- and sensation-based reconstructive process of representation: a type of information processing that is medium-independent. In this article, I draw on four years of ethnographic research with both designers and users of VP devices to demonstrate that there are large discrepancies between expectations for these devices and actual recipient experiences. I argue that the failure of the devices stems in part from the problematic theory of vision that informed their design and implementation. I introduce an alternative theory of vision based on the work of empirical psychologist James J. Gibson that sees perception as the “direct” product of a constitutive interaction between a perceiver and environment in a perceiver-environment system. I show how a theory of perception as constitutive interaction (PCI) is more congruous with recipient reports and enables us to see that “artificial vision,” or the perceptual experience associated with the VP, is a unique perceptual phenomenon.</p>","PeriodicalId":51532,"journal":{"name":"Ethos","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84530625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Civil melancholia: Yemenite Jews’ responses to the kidnapping of their children 公民忧郁症:也门犹太人对他们的孩子被绑架的反应
IF 0.6 4区 社会学
Ethos Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1111/etho.12365
Tova Gamliel, Haim Hazan
{"title":"Civil melancholia: Yemenite Jews’ responses to the kidnapping of their children","authors":"Tova Gamliel,&nbsp;Haim Hazan","doi":"10.1111/etho.12365","DOIUrl":"10.1111/etho.12365","url":null,"abstract":"<p>During Yemenite Jews’ stay in Israeli transit camps during 1948–1950, many of their children disappeared in the so-called “Yemenite Children Affair,” undermining the immigrants’ faith in the redemptive ethos of Zionism. To better understand this collective trauma, we return to the original Freudian conceptualization of melancholia as “failed mourning,” locating it within the ethnographic context of the Yemenite Children Affair and integrating its private/individual and public/collective aspects. Moreover, we provide a novel historical reading that integrates the individual loss of children and the collective lack of civic recognition. We use the term “civil melancholia” to reflect on the lingering, hurtful group experience of being overlooked (as refugees and parents) and the continuing collective predicament as “second-rate citizens.” By conceptualizing this civil melancholia and its cultural nuances, the analysis enhances the discussion of cultural traumas and their intergenerational transmission among contemporary ethnic immigrant groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":51532,"journal":{"name":"Ethos","volume":"50 4","pages":"449-464"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/etho.12365","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91545861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Attaching shame to hierarchy and hierarchy to some versions of attachment 将羞耻感附于等级制度，将等级制度附于某些版本的附件
IF 0.6 4区 社会学
Ethos Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1111/etho.12375
Ward Keeler
{"title":"Attaching shame to hierarchy and hierarchy to some versions of attachment","authors":"Ward Keeler","doi":"10.1111/etho.12375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/etho.12375","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Attachment theory sees individual autonomy as childrearing practices’ appropriate goal. But many people in the world do not share attachments theorists’ validation of autonomy. They instead believe that they should train their children into behavior appropriate to hierarchical relationships, ones predicated on differences in obligations and privileges. Their childrearing techniques therefore include teaching children to experience shame should they fail to know their place. Little attended to until recently in the social sciences, shame deserves study as hierarchy's enforcer, and doing so counters attachment theory's provincialism.</p>","PeriodicalId":51532,"journal":{"name":"Ethos","volume":"51 1","pages":"47-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/etho.12375","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50127415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Flucht nach vorne (seeking refuge in the future): Trauma, agency, and the fantasy of onward flight among refugees in Berlin Flucht nach vorne(在未来寻求庇护):柏林难民的创伤、代理和继续逃亡的幻想
IF 0.6 4区 社会学
Ethos Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1111/etho.12369
Ulrike Bialas, Jagat Sohail
{"title":"Flucht nach vorne (seeking refuge in the future): Trauma, agency, and the fantasy of onward flight among refugees in Berlin","authors":"Ulrike Bialas,&nbsp;Jagat Sohail","doi":"10.1111/etho.12369","DOIUrl":"10.1111/etho.12369","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article is based on fieldwork we each conducted with refugees in Berlin between 2016 and 2021. We were both puzzled by our interlocutors’ repeated professed desires to leave Germany, often when their lives here were improving. We wondered how they could possibly fantasize about repeating the experiences of their initial flight, which were deeply wounding and traumatic. We argue against a reading of trauma and agency as existing in opposition to or in spite of each other. We revisit the moment of trauma to uncover the transformative potential built into it—a crucial step in explaining the puzzling desires of our interlocutors for onward flight. We contrast popular notions of agentive mobility with the German term Flucht nach vorne (literally, “onward flight”) to indicate the complex contradictions, and even “unreason,” built into these fantasies.</p>","PeriodicalId":51532,"journal":{"name":"Ethos","volume":"50 4","pages":"480-495"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/etho.12369","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84479676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Subjects to freedom: The entanglements of desire in Upland Indonesia 自由的主体：印尼高地的欲望纠葛
IF 0.6 4区 社会学
Ethos Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1111/etho.12368
Aurora Donzelli
{"title":"Subjects to freedom: The entanglements of desire in Upland Indonesia","authors":"Aurora Donzelli","doi":"10.1111/etho.12368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/etho.12368","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article draws on fieldwork in upland Indonesia to explore how discursive genres mediate political and affective transformations. Since the millennium, IMF-driven governance reforms have disseminated novel ideals of transparent accountability, representative democracy, and individual entrepreneurialism, which at once presuppose and generate a market-oriented subject endowed with the freedom to express desires and choose among multiple options. Transnational discursive genres play a key role in these transformations by foregrounding a consumerist notion of desire as a site of emancipatory imagining. These discursive technologies are, however, only partially successful. By describing their partial uptake I discuss the predicaments posed by the ethnographic scrutiny of reformist rationalities emerging in post-authoritarian contexts. Indeed, while the emancipatory promise of democratic reforms irradiating from transnational lending agencies undermines entrenched social hierarchies, the emphasis on individual aspirations may also conceal new forms of subjection to capitalist valorization, whereby individuals are turned into bundles of measurable desires.</p>","PeriodicalId":51532,"journal":{"name":"Ethos","volume":"51 1","pages":"81-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50127414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
More than visual: The apprenticeship of skilled visions 不仅仅是视觉:熟练视觉的学徒
IF 0.6 4区 社会学
Ethos Pub Date : 2022-12-25 DOI: 10.1111/etho.12372
Cristina Grasseni
{"title":"More than visual: The apprenticeship of skilled visions","authors":"Cristina Grasseni","doi":"10.1111/etho.12372","DOIUrl":"10.1111/etho.12372","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Skilled vision is more-than-visual because the enskilment of vision happens in intersensorial contexts and because it pertains to the broader formation of aesthetic and ethical sensibilities. Sensory and social apprenticeship coexist in practice. I dwell on the intersensoriality of learning to see in an analytical way and on the sociality and morality of skilled visions, using ethnographic examples from my fieldwork with food gardeners in the Netherlands and from other scholars who use a skilled-visions approach, notably Judith Willkomm on skilled listening in bioacoustic field research in Germany, Tom Martin on craft learning as perceptual transformation in maritime carpentry in the United States, and Jonathan Hankins on the apprenticeship of traditional upholstery in the United Kingdom. Each example shows how the realignment of visual perception in one's learning environment (with other senses, with technical apparatuses, and with human and nonhuman others) mediate the acquisition of perspicuity, namely the perceptual and aesthetic realization of each detail in their proper function and as appropriate to their context.</p>","PeriodicalId":51532,"journal":{"name":"Ethos","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/etho.12372","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88232348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Demoralizing care: Moral and ethical dilemmas of parenting a young adult who lives with a borderline diagnosis 道德败坏的关怀:养育一个患有边缘诊断的年轻人的道德和伦理困境
IF 0.6 4区 社会学
Ethos Pub Date : 2022-12-25 DOI: 10.1111/etho.12370
Maureen O'Dougherty
{"title":"Demoralizing care: Moral and ethical dilemmas of parenting a young adult who lives with a borderline diagnosis","authors":"Maureen O'Dougherty","doi":"10.1111/etho.12370","DOIUrl":"10.1111/etho.12370","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article theorizes chronic crises of care parents face concerning how to morally/ethically support their young adult child diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Grounded in five years’ attendance at a support group for families living with BPD and interviews with parents, the article asks: In the era of deinstitutionalization of those with mental illness, what are the moral/ethical dimensions of parents’ experiences caring for their young adult? The concept of demoralization and “moral breakdown,” an ethical crisis demanding a resolution, characterizes parents’ experiences. The parents featured convey anguished struggles over what they ought to do in a context where risks are high, and nothing parents do seems right. I suggest that dwelling indefinitely in demoralizing care is untenable and that a state of demoralization emerges as a testimony to the parents’ inability to identify a morally/ethically acceptable resolution to the crises of care.</p>","PeriodicalId":51532,"journal":{"name":"Ethos","volume":"50 4","pages":"496-510"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86474607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“I feel terrible and need to exercise to find any sort of joy”: What COVID stay-at-home orders tell us about exercise as vitality politics and entertainment in the United States “我感觉很糟糕，需要锻炼来找到任何一种快乐”:新冠肺炎的居家令告诉我们，在美国，锻炼是一种活力政治和娱乐
IF 0.6 4区 社会学
Ethos Pub Date : 2022-12-25 DOI: 10.1111/etho.12373
Katie Rose Hejtmanek, Cara Ocobock
{"title":"“I feel terrible and need to exercise to find any sort of joy”: What COVID stay-at-home orders tell us about exercise as vitality politics and entertainment in the United States","authors":"Katie Rose Hejtmanek,&nbsp;Cara Ocobock","doi":"10.1111/etho.12373","DOIUrl":"10.1111/etho.12373","url":null,"abstract":"<p>During COVID-19 stay-at-home orders (SaHOs), people faced drastic shifts in their work and home lives. These shifts, in combination with the temporary closure of gyms and fitness centers, led to exercise-routine disruption. We conducted a survey to assess how people were affected by SaHOs in terms of exercise-routine change, feelings about exercise, perceived physical and mental health, as well as exercise-routine plans once SaHOs were lifted. In this article, we examine why affluent white American women exercised before and during COVID-19 SaHOs. The article focuses on the role of pleasure and entertainment as key components of exercise practices for these women. We found that changes in motivation reveal that exercise regimens are part of contemporary vitality politics, or current cultural and subjective desires and abilities to manipulate and optimize biological human processes, that include both health and entertainment. Therefore, we argue that exercise is a meaningful cultural, entertainment, and biopolitical activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":51532,"journal":{"name":"Ethos","volume":"50 4","pages":"434-448"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10657164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Seeking contact: British horsemanship and stances toward knowing and being known by (Animal) others 寻求联系:英国人的骑术和对了解和被(动物)他人了解的态度
IF 0.6 4区 社会学
Ethos Pub Date : 2022-12-25 DOI: 10.1111/etho.12371
Rosie Jones McVey
{"title":"Seeking contact: British horsemanship and stances toward knowing and being known by (Animal) others","authors":"Rosie Jones McVey","doi":"10.1111/etho.12371","DOIUrl":"10.1111/etho.12371","url":null,"abstract":"<p>What is it like to know and be known by other creatures? And when do people place ethical importance on knowing or being known by other creatures in particular ways? This article brings ethnography of British equestrianism into dialogue with anthropological inquiries into the cultural variability of intersubjective understanding. I will show that riders’ desire for authentic mutual understanding with horses is part of their critical relationship with the concept of representation. At the same time, riders’ efforts to improve their perceptual “feel” in fact reinvigorate their requirement for a representational model of mind and a skepticism about their senses. To do justice to the distinctive experience of other-mindedness that this brings about, I will argue that comparisons between the knowability of minds in different cultural contexts are best forged in terms of varied <i>stances</i> toward intersubjectivity, rather than in terms of varied ethical expressions of underlying universal intersubjective states.</p>","PeriodicalId":51532,"journal":{"name":"Ethos","volume":"50 4","pages":"465-479"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/etho.12371","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79569134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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