Global Policy最新文献_第8页

Rationality Patterns in Export Promotion Organizations 出口促进组织的理性模式

IF 1.8 3区社会学

Global Policy Pub Date : 2026-06-09 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.70129

Aline Tanno, Kuno Schedler, Andreas Klasen, Simona Casasola, Vera Hauser

引用次数: 0

Layered Incoherence in Middle Power Foreign Policy: Indonesia and the U.S.-China Rivalry 中等大国外交政策的分层不一致性：印尼与中美竞争

IF 1.8 3区社会学

Global Policy Pub Date : 2026-03-24 Epub Date: 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.70093

Moch Faisal Karim

{"title":"Layered Incoherence in Middle Power Foreign Policy: Indonesia and the U.S.-China Rivalry","authors":"Moch Faisal Karim","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70093","url":null,"abstract":"Amid the intensifying U.S.-China rivalry, middle powers, especially those from the global south, are often portrayed in IR literature as strategic hedgers, expected to balance between major powers to preserve regional autonomy and stability. Yet many, like Indonesia, display contradictory foreign policy behaviour by rhetorically championing inclusive engagement while increasingly courting China through selective alignments. This article challenges such realist interpretations by arguing that Indonesia's foreign policy behaviour cannot be understood solely through external balancing logics that assume a unitary state responding to external pressures. This article proposes an alternative explanation: layered incoherence that refers to a structural condition rooted in the interplay of ideational contestation, institutional fragmentation and informal governance. Rather than treating inconsistency as the product of changes in the government's perception of threats, it argues that these contradictions are embedded features of the state itself. Through an analysis of Indonesia's response to Chinese maritime assertiveness and the implementation of the ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific (AOIP), this article demonstrates how competing strategic visions, bureaucratic silos, and informal networks interact to produce an ambivalent foreign policy. The article offers a more grounded understanding of middle powers, highlighting how domestic structures mediate external pressures and constrain strategic coherence.","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"17 S1","pages":"S55-S64"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-5899.70093","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147564337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Re-Imagining Middle Powers in an Age of Global Transformation 重新构想全球转型时代的中等大国

IF 1.8 3区社会学

Global Policy Pub Date : 2026-03-24 DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.70126

Soon-Ok Shin, Chris Alden, Richard Higgott

{"title":"Re-Imagining Middle Powers in an Age of Global Transformation","authors":"Soon-Ok Shin, Chris Alden, Richard Higgott","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70126","url":null,"abstract":"The post–1945 international order is in flux. Trump's return to the White House in 2025 marks a critical juncture, reinforcing a structural transformation characterised by intensifying US–China rivalry, the weaponisation of economic statecraft and the fragmentation of multilateralism. Middle powers—positioned at the intersection of Washington's security imperatives and Beijing's economic gravitational pull—face mounting strategic challenges, but with the requisite expertise and strategic conviction also have opportunities to reinvigorate their regional and global ambitions. This article outlines the rationale and objectives of the Special Issue, reinterpreting the theory and practice of middle powers beyond Cold War-era behavioural models of ‘good international citizenship’ and the ‘leadership-followship’ paradigm. Tracing the historical evolution, it proposes a more fluid, pragmatic and instrumentalist understanding of middle power agency in a post–hegemonic world—marked by renewed activism and normative pragmatism. In addition, it presents empirical case studies that illustrate how middle powers variously construct and navigate geopolitical and geoeconomic ‘middle-ness’, shaped by a dynamic interplay of domestic ambition and international constraint. Lastly, it argues that middle powers—once the supporting buttresses in a US-led liberal order—are asserting agency through strategic adaptability, emerging as key actors in securing a more stable and peaceful global transition.","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"17 S1","pages":"S5-S13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-5899.70126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147568888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Norwegian Blues? Rethinking the Idea of Middle Powers in an Era of Fuzzy Bifurcation 挪威蓝调?模糊分岔时代对中等大国观念的再思考

IF 1.8 3区社会学

Global Policy Pub Date : 2026-03-24 Epub Date: 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.70082

Kim Richard Nossal

{"title":"Norwegian Blues? Rethinking the Idea of Middle Powers in an Era of Fuzzy Bifurcation","authors":"Kim Richard Nossal","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70082","url":null,"abstract":"Unsuccessful efforts to update the middle power concept for the contemporary international system have prompted calls for the concept to be “historicized”—to be retired from common use and treated as a purely historical term. The problem with this proposal is that “middle power” has become increasingly popular in the 2020s in analysis, commentary, and state practice. The purpose of this article is to offer an alternative to historicization. While we acknowledge that the traditional understanding of middle power was deeply rooted in the twentieth century, and particularly in that era of American hegemony during the Cold War and post–Cold War eras, the continued use of the term suggests that we need to embrace the flexibility that has always been associated with the concept. This paper calls for a return to a variant of the nineteenth-century idea that middle powers were located geographically “in the middle” between great powers. In the 2020s and 2030s, which we argue is marked by “fuzzy bifurcation,” we propose that middle powers are those located geostrategically “in the middle” between the two great powers of the contemporary international system, the United States and China.","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"17 S1","pages":"S14-S22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-5899.70082","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147564502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Ontological Security Interpretation of Global South Middle Powers' Non-Alignment in the Ukrainian War 乌克兰战争中全球南方中等大国不结盟的本体论安全解读

IF 1.8 3区社会学

Global Policy Pub Date : 2026-03-24 Epub Date: 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.70090

Marco Vieira

{"title":"An Ontological Security Interpretation of Global South Middle Powers' Non-Alignment in the Ukrainian War","authors":"Marco Vieira","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70090","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores why a group of Global South middle powers has adopted stances on the Ukrainian war that diverged from the positions of the United States under President Joe Biden, the European Union and the broader NATO/Western alliance. I claim that these disparities are partially explained by the affiliation these states have with the notion of non-alignment that has been re-signified in the context of the conflict in Ukraine. I argue that ‘non-alignment’ has, over the years, provided postcolonial states with a sense of common purpose and ontological security. This was done through a set of institutionalised practices and narratives anchored on principles such as autonomy, anti-Western colonialism and equality that provided them with a sense of identity in the unstable context of the Cold War conflict and beyond. The claim, therefore, is that these states' positions are not necessarily related to developments in the war itself, and the undeniable fact of Russia's aggression. Instead, they are rooted in a sense of ontological (in)security and historical resentment towards the exclusions and hierarchies of the Western-led international order. I engage with the cases of India, Brazil and South Africa as representative democratic middle powers and leaders in the Global South.","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"17 S1","pages":"S23-S32"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-5899.70090","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147569269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

South Africa: The Ambiguities of a Middle Power 南非：一个中等大国的模棱两可

IF 1.8 3区社会学

Global Policy Pub Date : 2026-03-24 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.70120

Garth L. le Pere

{"title":"South Africa: The Ambiguities of a Middle Power","authors":"Garth L. le Pere","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70120","url":null,"abstract":"South Africa represents an interesting species of a middle power. This derives from its inherited economic muscle as Africa's powerhouse and the liberation struggle against apartheid, both of which have shaped its democratic transition. The traditions of liberation and democracy, in turn, have profoundly influenced how South Africa has conducted its foreign policy under the ruling African National Congress. Its external relations derive their logic from a firm belief in the compatibility of human rights, democracy, solidarity diplomacy, active internationalism and the country's own development imperatives aimed at addressing the racial deprivations of the apartheid past. However, the country has faltered in responding to fast-changing, complex and demanding exigencies at home and abroad. Although it has certainly registered impressive gains as a respected ‘norm entrepreneur’ on the global stage, which has burnished its multilateral credentials, its global brand and image have suffered because of an increasing pathological syndrome at home, which includes corruption, poor governance, abuse of public resources, compounded by increasing levels of racially defined poverty, unemployment and inequality. The article aimed to tease out how these ambiguities have inhibited and circumscribed South Africa's ambitions as a middle power.","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"17 S1","pages":"S45-S54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-5899.70120","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147565608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Australia and the Path Not Taken: The Declining Independence and Influence of Middle Powers 《澳大利亚和未走的路：中等大国独立性和影响力的下降》

IF 1.8 3区社会学

Global Policy Pub Date : 2026-03-24 Epub Date: 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.70083

Mark Beeson

{"title":"Australia and the Path Not Taken: The Declining Independence and Influence of Middle Powers","authors":"Mark Beeson","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70083","url":null,"abstract":"Australian foreign policy has famously been distinguished by the search for ‘great and powerful friends’. However, Australia's relationship with its current notional protector and key ally—the United States—has generally had more costs than benefits and, I argue, has consequently not been in Australia's much-invoked ‘national interest’. Examining this rather counter-intuitive outcome sheds a revealing light on the challenges that face ‘middle powers’ as they try to navigate a path between their ‘great’ counterparts. Australia is especially illuminating as the great powers in question are the US and China. To understand why Australia has found itself an ‘entrapped’ ally, we need to examine the specific historical circumstances that have helped to create a distinctive ‘strategic culture’, one that imparts a degree of path dependence, shaping and constraining an ideational milieu that effectively defines what is judged to be an appropriate, even ‘realistic’ response to security challenges. In short, I argue that Australia demonstrates how and why the potential influence of middle powers is decreasing as they willingly forgo opportunities to play a more creative, constructive and independent role in the evolving international order.","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"17 S1","pages":"S75-S83"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-5899.70083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147563673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Malaysia's Ambivalent Middle Power Status: A Global South Perspective From a Reconceptualised Geoeconomics 马来西亚矛盾的中等大国地位：重新定义地缘经济学的全球南方视角

IF 1.8 3区社会学

Global Policy Pub Date : 2026-03-24 Epub Date: 2025-08-18 DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.70072

Helen E. S. Nesadurai

{"title":"Malaysia's Ambivalent Middle Power Status: A Global South Perspective From a Reconceptualised Geoeconomics","authors":"Helen E. S. Nesadurai","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70072","url":null,"abstract":"This article adds a geoeconomics dimension to the geopolitics-focused middle power literature that generally depicts Malaysia as an ambivalent middle power, especially from the identity and behavioral perspectives, even if the country's middle power status stands on stronger capability indicators. The wider aim is to consider insights that a geoeconomics approach can bring to discussions of emerging middle powers from the Global South. Drawing from critiques and openings in the middle power and geoeconomics literatures, this paper explores other ways to think about geoeconomics and middle powers beyond zero-sum power competition that allow analytical space for smaller or middle states from the Global South to be participants in, even shapers of, geoeconomics. Towards this end, the paper develops a reconceptualised geoeconomics that pays especial attention to spatial dynamics, relational agency, and the long arc of time. It then applies this framework to Malaysia, showing Malaysia's geoeconomic contributions in several issue areas but focusing the analysis on two key cases—mobilising the South and mobilising with the South, as well as advancing global Islamic finance—that reveal Malaysia's contributions through varied forms of agency along the long arc of these projects towards their geoeconomic impact.","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"17 S1","pages":"S65-S74"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-5899.70072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147566746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Puzzle of South Korea's Foreign Policy: Can You Have It All? 韩国外交政策的困惑：你能拥有一切吗？

IF 1.8 3区社会学

Global Policy Pub Date : 2026-03-24 DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.70131

Michael Reiterer

引用次数: 0

Brokering Peace: Emerging Middle Powers, Agency and Mediation 斡旋和平：新兴中等大国、代理与调解

IF 1.8 3区社会学

Global Policy Pub Date : 2026-03-24 Epub Date: 2025-10-26 DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.70100

Buğra Süsler, Chris Alden

{"title":"Brokering Peace: Emerging Middle Powers, Agency and Mediation","authors":"Buğra Süsler, Chris Alden","doi":"10.1111/1758-5899.70100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.70100","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the role of mediation in emerging middle power conduct in an increasingly fragmented world. It asks why and how emerging middle powers seek mediator roles in international conflicts, focusing on Turkey and Indonesia's responses to the Russia–Ukraine war. Through content analysis of public documents and interviews with diplomats, it argues that the war has enabled emerging middle powers to seek influence by emphasising their bridge-building capacity. While the conventional literature on middle powers explains such activism in terms of the traditional leadership–followership dynamic—where middle powers are seen as followers who act as ‘good international citizens’—our findings suggest that international systemic instability, the search for status and domestic factors provide better explanations for their actions. Specifically, we argue that the saliency of middle power followership diminishes as a source of status under conditions of structural uncertainty and manifests through stability-seeking conduct like mediation. Concurrently, we show that mediatory approaches are motivated not only by international considerations but also significantly by domestic elite concerns. These findings contribute to middle power scholarship by illustrating how these states use mediation to seek both domestic regime support and international recognition, offering a more nuanced understanding of emerging middle power agency.","PeriodicalId":51510,"journal":{"name":"Global Policy","volume":"17 S1","pages":"S33-S44"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-5899.70100","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147569745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0