{"title":"On Terms: What's in a Name? Intellectual Disability and \"Condition,\" \"Disorder,\" \"Syndrome,\" \"Disease,\" and \"Disability\".","authors":"Audrey Thurm, Siddharth Srivastava","doi":"10.1352/1944-7558-127.5.349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-127.5.349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individuals living with intellectual disability can have multiple co-occurring medical conditions including associated genetic diagnoses. The number of genetic etiologies associated with ID is growing, with some quite new and rare, and others more common and associated with what is often considered a syndrome. In the context of genetic etiologies and associated medical comorbidities, appropriate use of descriptive terminology warrants clarification. Using accurate nomenclature is essential for descriptions, especially as terms are used across both research and clinical reports. Here we discuss several terms that may be confused with each other, including \"condition,\" \"disorder,\" \"syndrome,\" \"disease,\" and \"disability.\" Our goal is to shed light on the meanings of the five descriptors and their appropriate use in the ID population, especially in relation to those who have a genetic diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":51508,"journal":{"name":"Ajidd-American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities","volume":"127 5","pages":"349-354"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10637386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Resúmenes al Español.","authors":"","doi":"10.1352/1944-7558-127.5.433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-127.5.433","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51508,"journal":{"name":"Ajidd-American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities","volume":"13 1","pages":"433-434"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82634452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Résumés en Français.","authors":"","doi":"10.1352/1944-7558-127.5.431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-127.5.431","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51508,"journal":{"name":"Ajidd-American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities","volume":"49 1","pages":"431-432"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79774646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Catelyn N Smeyne, Anna J Esbensen, Emily K Schworer, Shequanna Belizaire, Emily K Hoffman, Dean W Beebe, Susan Wiley
{"title":"Evaluating Verbal Fluency Outcome Measures in Children With Down Syndrome.","authors":"Catelyn N Smeyne, Anna J Esbensen, Emily K Schworer, Shequanna Belizaire, Emily K Hoffman, Dean W Beebe, Susan Wiley","doi":"10.1352/1944-7558-127.4.328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-127.4.328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluates the psychometric properties of a verbal fluency task for potential use as an outcome measure in future clinical trials involving children with Down syndrome. Eighty-five participants attempted a modified version of the Neuropsychological Assessment of Children, Second Edition Word Generation Task at two time points. In the full sample, the measure fell below a priori reliability and feasibility criteria, though feasibility of the semantic trials were higher than feasibility of the phonemic trials. Performance on the measure correlated with chronological age and IQ scores, and no sex-related effects were found. Additional analyses suggested that the semantic verbal fluency trials might be appropriate for children with Down syndrome 10 years of age and older.</p>","PeriodicalId":51508,"journal":{"name":"Ajidd-American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities","volume":"127 4","pages":"328-344"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9487840/pdf/nihms-1761510.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9722783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ellen Ridley, Bronia Arnott, Deborah M Riby, D Michael Burt, Mary Hanley, Susan R Leekam
{"title":"The Quality of Everyday Eye Contact in Williams Syndrome: Insights From Cross-Syndrome Comparisons.","authors":"Ellen Ridley, Bronia Arnott, Deborah M Riby, D Michael Burt, Mary Hanley, Susan R Leekam","doi":"10.1352/1944-7558-127.4.293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-127.4.293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Past research shows that individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) have heightened and prolonged eye contact. Using parent report measures, we examined not only the presence of eye contact but also its qualitative features. Study 1 included individuals with WS (n = 22, ages 6.0-36.3). Study 2 included children with different neurodevelopmental (ND) conditions (WS, autism spectrum condition, fragile X syndrome, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) and children with neurotypical development (NT; n = 262, ages 4.0-17.11). Unusual eye contact features, including staring, were found in approximately half of the WS samples. However, other features such as brief glances were frequently found in WS and in all ND conditions, but not NT. Future research in ND conditions should focus on qualitative as well as quantitative features of eye contact.</p>","PeriodicalId":51508,"journal":{"name":"Ajidd-American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities","volume":"127 4","pages":"293-312"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10434998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Systematic Review of Maintenance Measurement in Early Childhood Autism Spectrum Disorder Research.","authors":"Elizabeth A Pokorski, Lauren M LeJeune","doi":"10.1352/1944-7558-127.4.313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-127.4.313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Single case research designs (SCRDs) are integral to identifying evidence-based practices (EBPs) for young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, the field lacks guidance on measuring response maintenance within SCRDs. We identified 103 studies in which researchers used SCRD to investigate the maintenance of behavioral intervention outcomes for children with ASD ages 0-5. Findings include: (a) maintenance conditions across most EBP categories, (b) limited within-case replication of maintenance assessment, (c) inconsistent use of maintenance terminology, (d) varying frequencies of maintenance assessment, and (e) wide range in latency to first and last maintenance probe. Results indicate a pressing need for the regular inclusion of maintenance conditions in behavioral research to increase our understanding of programming for and assessing maintenance.</p>","PeriodicalId":51508,"journal":{"name":"Ajidd-American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities","volume":"127 4","pages":"313-327"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10435000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emotional Lexicon in Down Syndrome.","authors":"Christelle Declercq, Régis Pochon","doi":"10.1352/1944-7558-127.4.278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-127.4.278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We studied comprehension of emotion versus concrete/abstract words in Down syndrome (DS). Study 1 compared 26 participants with DS and 26 typically developing (TD) children matched on verbal ability. Results showed no difference between groups. Study 2 assessed whether chronological age (CA) and (non)verbal abilities predicted developmental trajectories of comprehension in 36 children with DS and 143 TD children. For the latter, these variables predicted comprehension of all three word types. For the former, receptive vocabulary predicted comprehension of all word types, but CA and nonverbal reasoning only predicted comprehension of concrete words. This suggests that people with DS have no specific emotional lexicon deficit. Supporting their general lexical development would help them access abstract and emotional meanings.</p>","PeriodicalId":51508,"journal":{"name":"Ajidd-American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities","volume":"127 4","pages":"278-292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10434999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"COVID-19 and Persons With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Implications for Future Policy, Practice, and Research.","authors":"Amy S Hewitt, John G Smith, Liz Weintraub","doi":"10.1352/1944-7558-127.4.270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-127.4.270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has been hard for everyone. For the estimated seven and a half million people in the United States who live with intellectual disability (Residential Information Systems Project, 2020), it has been very hard. Lives have been disrupted by lost jobs, lack of access to friends/family, and challenges finding enough staff to provide supports and needed healthcare. Studies have shown that people with IDD are at a much greater risk of getting COVID-19 and dying from it (Cuypers et al., 2020; Gleason et al., 2021; Kaye, 2021; Landes, Turk, & Ervin, 2020; Nygren & Lulinski, 2020). Without question, people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) struggled as the COVID-19 pandemic began and as it has continued. Too many were isolated from friends and family for far too long. Too many were lonely and bored. Too many have not received the support they have needed during the pandemic. Far too many were denied treatment and far too many have died. As a nation we must reflect on what has happened and listen to people with IDD and their families about their experiences. This commentary reflects on the implications of COVID-19 for research, policy, and practice through the lens of people with IDD.</p>","PeriodicalId":51508,"journal":{"name":"Ajidd-American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities","volume":"127 4","pages":"270-277"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10724203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Floyd, Catherine L. Costigan, Carly L. Blustein, Jennifer L. Bumble, Sarah Harvey, Lynnette M. Henderson
{"title":"Resúmenes al Español.","authors":"J. Floyd, Catherine L. Costigan, Carly L. Blustein, Jennifer L. Bumble, Sarah Harvey, Lynnette M. Henderson","doi":"10.1352/1944-7558-121.5.463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-121.5.463","url":null,"abstract":"De muestras de tipo transversal (N 1⁄4 106) y longitudinal (N 1⁄4 35) de hermanos (edades 11-38) informaron sobre la cercanı́a y el conflicto en sus relaciones con los hermanos y hermanas con discapacidad intelectual. Por cercanı́a, la CFA distingue sentimientos de cercanı́a emocional de comportamientos de intercambio recı́proco de estos hermanos. Los efectos de la edad y los cambios en el tiempo indican el aumento emocional y una reducción general en los conflictos de la adolescencia a la edad adulta, con un intercambio recı́proco estable. En la muestra transversal, la cercanı́a fue mayor cuando los hermanos estaban involucrados en la prestación de cuidados, y el conflicto fue menor cuando los hermanos ya no residen juntos. La constelación de caracterı́sticas de hermanos (sexo, orden de nacimiento, el espaciamiento de edad) tiene efectos en este periodo de desarrollo limitado. Los resultados apoyan una combinación de cambios en el desarrollo de esperanza de vida y perdurable unión en estas relaciones entre hermanos.","PeriodicalId":51508,"journal":{"name":"Ajidd-American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities","volume":"11 1","pages":"463-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81038265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emily Lorang, Jinkuk Hong, Leann Smith DaWalt, Marsha Mailick
{"title":"Change in Maladaptive Behavior Affects Intergenerational Relationships in Fragile X Syndrome.","authors":"Emily Lorang, Jinkuk Hong, Leann Smith DaWalt, Marsha Mailick","doi":"10.1352/1944-7558-127.3.231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-127.3.231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the bidirectional effects of change in maladaptive behaviors among adolescents and adults with fragile X syndrome (FXS) and change in their intergenerational family relationships over a 7.5-year period. Indicators of the intergenerational family relationship between premutation carrier mothers and their adolescent or adult son/daughter with FXS included a measure of the quality of the relationship, as well as descriptions provided by mothers of their relationship with their son/daughter (positive remarks, critical remarks). Maladaptive behaviors decreased, maternal positive remarks increased, and maternal critical remarks and relationship quality remained stable over time. Bidirectional effects of change were observed in predicting maladaptive behaviors and maternal positive remarks, although maladaptive behaviors more strongly predicted positive remarks than the reciprocal association. This research suggests prioritizing maladaptive behaviors in the context of family interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":51508,"journal":{"name":"Ajidd-American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities","volume":"127 3","pages":"231-248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9153943/pdf/nihms-1810592.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9747748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}