{"title":"Flexible Identity in City Branding: The Role of Brand Personality in the Cognition–Affect–Behavioral Intention Model","authors":"Tae-Hwan Yoon, Joonhyeong Joseph Kim","doi":"10.1002/jtr.70105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.70105","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While limited research has addressed the dynamic nature of city brand identities, flexible identity (FI) offers a useful lens for understanding multiple city brand personalities. This study examines the structural relationships among FI, city brand personality, cognitive image, affective image, and behavioral intention in Busan, Korea. Based on a sample of 315 respondents, Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling was applied to test the proposed model. Findings indicate that variability and core identity significantly influence all dimensions of city brand personality. Attractiveness and dynamism positively influence affective image, whereas innovativeness and reliability enhance cognitive image. This study confirmed the mediating role of both cognitive and affective image. Cognitive image influences affective image, whereas both cognitive and affective images are positively associated with behavioral intention. The study advances theoretical understanding of FI in city branding and provides practical insights for managing complex and evolving urban brand identities in global tourism markets.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51375,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tourism Research","volume":"27 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144929607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring the Relationship Between Customer Experience, Revisit Intention, Customer Value and Engagement in the Hotel Industry","authors":"Asier Baquero","doi":"10.1002/jtr.70109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.70109","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In an increasingly competitive hospitality sector, hotels seek to differentiate themselves by delivering superior customer experiences (CEX). Drawing on Cognitive Appraisal Theory and the Theory of Planned Behavior, this study investigates how CEX shapes revisit intention (RIN) in the hotel industry, with customer value (CVA) and customer engagement (CEN) as mediators. Survey data from 334 hotel guests in Dubai and Sharjah were analyzed using PLS-SEM with bootstrapping. Results show that CEX significantly influences CVA and CEN, both of which positively affect RIN. Moreover, CVA enhances CEN, which further mediates the CVA–RIN relationship. These findings extend theory by integrating psychological and behavioral perspectives to explain loyalty formation and highlighting the dual mediation pathways from CEX to RIN. Practically, it urges hotels to prioritize engagement strategies that enhance perceived value, strengthen emotional bonds, and ultimately increase guest loyalty. The findings add to the hospitality marketing literature while suggesting practical strategies to strengthen guest loyalty in competitive settings.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51375,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tourism Research","volume":"27 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144923678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gender and Sexuality Diversity in Tourism: A Systematic Review of LGBT+ Tourism Literature","authors":"Liangwei Qiu, Xiangping Li, Ali Bavik","doi":"10.1002/jtr.70110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.70110","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework, this systematic review presents a comprehensive analysis of 194 published articles on LGBT+ tourism from 80 journals, synthesizing the existing literature to provide a state-of-the-art understanding of developments in LGBT+ tourism over recent decades. Five main themes in LGBT+ tourism research are identified: LGBT+ tourists, motivations and constraints, travel experiences, identity and space, and LGBT+ tourism settings and services. The findings highlight limited exploration of certain dimensions, revealing under-researched areas. By addressing these gaps, future investigations can enhance the comprehension of the complexities inherent in LGBT+ tourism. This study serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners seeking to expand their knowledge of LGBT+ tourism and promote more inclusive practices within the tourism industry.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51375,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tourism Research","volume":"27 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144923681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Elderly Tourists' Motives for Virtual Tourism and Its Impact on Subjective Vitality","authors":"Cenhua Lyu, Wen Xu, Yangyang Jiang","doi":"10.1002/jtr.70104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.70104","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tourism serves as a vital approach for promoting active aging. In recent years, virtual tourism has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional travel, offering the elderly new opportunities to enhance their mental health and well-being. Grounded in self-determination theory, this study explores how elderly tourists' motivations—specifically autonomy (convenience, usability), relatedness (cultural exploration, interpersonal seeking), and competence (continuous learning, ego-enhancement)—influence virtual tourism involvement, destination psychological ownership (DPO), and subjective vitality. Survey data from 364 participants aged 60 and above across multiple countries were analyzed using AMOS and SPSS. The results reveal that all six motivations positively predict virtual tourism involvement. DPO mediates the relationship between involvement and subjective vitality, whereas fear of missing out moderates the link between involvement and DPO. This study deepens the understanding of elderly tourists' psychology in virtual tourism, offering insights for designing age-friendly virtual experiences that promote well-being and engagement among them.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51375,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tourism Research","volume":"27 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144923679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Demand Analysis of Global Retail Tourism","authors":"Ying Liu, Richard T. R. Qiu, Haiyan Song","doi":"10.1002/jtr.70107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.70107","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While shopping has long been recognised as an important component of tourism activities that generate significant revenue for tourist destinations, little attention has been paid to the determinants of tourists' shopping behaviour. In this study, a two-stage modelling method is used to examine the factors that affect tourists' expenditure on retail products, such as socio-demographic status, tripographic characteristics and economic status. These factors are found to influence both tourists' shopping budgets and the allocation of these budgets among product categories. Different shopping patterns are observed across geographical regions. The study provides a theoretical framework for analysing tourists' shopping behaviour and the empirical results shed light on tourism product design and the promotion of tourism destinations.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51375,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tourism Research","volume":"27 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144923680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wei Xiong, Ting Wang, Bendegul Okumus, Xiaomei Cai
{"title":"The Effect of Emotional Labor Strategies on Hotel Employees' Mental Health: A Person-Centered Longitudinal Study","authors":"Wei Xiong, Ting Wang, Bendegul Okumus, Xiaomei Cai","doi":"10.1002/jtr.70092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.70092","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study used the Emotional Dissonance Theory and the Conservation of Resources Theory to investigate how emotional labor affects new hotel employees' anxiety over time. 534 employees were involved in the study, participating in three rounds of data collection. A latent class growth model and a repeated-measure analysis of variance were utilized to analyze the data. Study 1 identified two distinct groups of employees; one group exhibited a low initial level of anxiety, which was subsequently followed by a significant increase. In contrast, the other group displayed low anxiety levels in three rounds of investigation. Study 2 discovered that employees adapted their emotional labor strategies in response to occupational chronic stress. Specifically, a combination of lower surface acting, higher deep acting, and natural emotional expression positively impacted the employees' psychological well-being. The findings offer valuable insights for the hospitality management, guiding how to support the mental health of their employees.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51375,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tourism Research","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144897454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How to Prevent Waiting Customers From Leaving: The Interaction Impact Between Granularity and Mindset on Reneging Behavior","authors":"Jooa Baek, Chihyung “Michael” Ok, SangGon (Edward) Lim","doi":"10.1002/jtr.70102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.70102","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Waiting for service is inevitable. Tourism and hospitality service providers frequently extend wait times for customers, necessitating guests to remain on a waitlist because service cannot be matched to fluctuating demand. Customers encounter quantitative assessments of wait time in numbers and units. This study investigated how the granularity (i.e., fine-grained [15–30 min] vs. coarse-grained [1/4–1/2 h]) of wait-time information influenced consumers' responses depending on their mindsets (i.e., abstract vs. concrete). Two scenario-based experiments showed that reneging, which occurs when a waiting customer leaves the queue before receiving service, was more frequent with coarse-grained than fine-grained wait-time information. Also, when coarse-grained information was provided, customers with an abstract mindset tended to renege more than when fine-grained information was offered. Anxiety emerged as the underlying psychological mechanism. This study contributes to numerical cognition research and affords managers insight into mitigating waiting customers' negative reactions based on granularity effects coupled with oriented mindsets.</p>","PeriodicalId":51375,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tourism Research","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jtr.70102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Travel Alienation and Coping Strategies of International Students: A Qualitative Exploration of the Role of Social Support","authors":"Yuan Lee","doi":"10.1002/jtr.70100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.70100","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Drawing on the transactional model of stress and coping, this study explores how international students experience and cope with travel-related alienation, while paying attention to the role of social support. Based on in-depth interviews of respondents from South Korea, the study identifies six types of travel alienation: powerlessness, normlessness, meaninglessness, social isolation, cultural alienation, and self-estrangement. The coping strategies—problem-focused and emotion-focused—emerged as responses to these experiences. Social support—including emotional and informational support as well as institutional support—was identified as a key element in mitigating alienation and facilitating coping. By shedding light on the under-explored issue of travel alienation among international students as a vulnerable group, this study bridges tourism and social psychology. The study offers recommendations for universities and authorities to reduce travel alienation by improving multilingual support, promoting social inclusion, enhancing the authenticity of tourism experiences, and offering meaningful tourism information.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51375,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tourism Research","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144869277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Therapeutic Landscapes in Rural Tourism: How Flow Experience, Nostalgia, and Restorative Experience Contribute to Spiritual Well-Being","authors":"Yinger Xu, Yang Yang, Haizhou Zhang, Xing Zhou","doi":"10.1002/jtr.70101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.70101","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study explores the role of therapeutic landscapes in rural tourism. While previous research has highlighted the relational nature of therapeutic landscapes, quantitative studies remain scarce, especially with respect to how therapeutic landscape experiences evolve dynamically. To address this gap, we propose a multiple mediation model that explores how flow experience, nostalgia, and restorative experience jointly influence the relationship between therapeutic landscape perception and spiritual well-being. Using three-wave survey data from 352 tourists visiting rural destinations in China, our findings confirm that therapeutic landscape perception positively influences spiritual well-being. Furthermore, this effect is mediated through two distinct pathways: a cognitive chain-mediating effect of flow experience and restorative experience and an emotional chain-mediating effect involving nostalgia and restorative experience. By expanding on existing research, this study enriches the understanding of therapeutic landscapes in rural tourism and offers valuable guidance for creating destinations that promote tourists' well-being.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51375,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tourism Research","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144853679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jingjing Wang, Christy Ying Ni Liu, C. Michael Hall, Zhengan Zhu, Sara Naderi Koupaei
{"title":"Understanding Tourist Psychology in Travel Livestreaming: The Lens From Flow and Inspiration","authors":"Jingjing Wang, Christy Ying Ni Liu, C. Michael Hall, Zhengan Zhu, Sara Naderi Koupaei","doi":"10.1002/jtr.70099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.70099","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The rise of livestreaming as a promotional tool has increasingly attracted scholars to focus on the impact of livestreaming on tourism destination marketing and tourists' psychology, including perception. This study examines the effect of informativeness and interactivity on tourist flow, inspiration, and travel intention in travel livestreaming. Through 344 valid survey-based data, this study empirically found that informativeness has a slightly stronger influence on flow and inspiration than interactivity. Compared to interactivity, informativeness has a stronger effect on travel intention. This study also found that flow and inspiration play positive mediation roles in travel livestreaming. This study contributes to developing inspiration theory and Media Richness theory, confirming that these theories are appropriate for understanding the underlying consumer behavior of livestreaming. Furthermore, this study also provides empirical evidence for managers to better understand how inspiration and flow connect livestreaming with visitor behavior.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51375,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tourism Research","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}