Population and Development Review最新文献_第6页

Medically Assisted Reproduction and Partnership Stability 医学辅助生殖与伴侣关系的稳定性

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Population and Development Review Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1111/padr.12660

Alina Pelikh, Hanna Remes, Niina Metsä‐Simola, Alice Goisis

{"title":"Medically Assisted Reproduction and Partnership Stability","authors":"Alina Pelikh, Hanna Remes, Niina Metsä‐Simola, Alice Goisis","doi":"10.1111/padr.12660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12660","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the increasing use of medically assisted reproduction (MAR) in modern societies, there is limited evidence on whether conceiving with MAR or remaining involuntarily childless after MAR is associated with partnership stability. While older age, the more advantaged socioeconomic position of women undergoing MAR and their strong fertility intentions could lead to higher partnership stability, the experience of infertility and undergoing MAR may have an opposite effect, especially if couples remain involuntarily childless. Using data on Finnish nulliparous couples from 1995–2017 (N = 149,884) and event‐history models, we compare the risk of separation of couples who remained childless after MAR (N = 3871), who conceived through MAR (N = 14,474), who conceived naturally without MAR (N = 167,962) or with a prior history of MAR (N = 2273). Couples who remained childless after MAR had a higher risk of separation than couples who conceived with MAR or naturally. The higher risk of separation decreased over time since the discontinuation of treatments but persisted over the longer term. There were no differences in the risk of separation between couples who conceived with MAR or naturally. The results suggest that involuntary childlessness after MAR is associated with an increased risk of separation while undergoing MAR/experiencing infertility does not seem to play a role.","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"140 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142123699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How Family Dynamics Shape Income Inequality Between Families With Young Children: The Case of Sweden, 1995–2018 家庭动态如何影响有幼儿家庭之间的收入不平等：瑞典案例，1995-2018 年

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Population and Development Review Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1111/padr.12654

Sunnee Billingsley, Pilar Gonalons‐Pons, Ann‐Zofie Duvander

{"title":"How Family Dynamics Shape Income Inequality Between Families With Young Children: The Case of Sweden, 1995–2018","authors":"Sunnee Billingsley, Pilar Gonalons‐Pons, Ann‐Zofie Duvander","doi":"10.1111/padr.12654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12654","url":null,"abstract":"Increased gender equality in the labor market and the home are both cited as stabilizers to income inequality between households, but shifts in the economic organization of families over the life course instead appear to amplify household income inequality. Using the case of Sweden, where men have taken longer parental leave in recent years and the age at parenthood continues to advance, we analyze between‐family income inequality for couples with a young child. Based on income data from population registers, we decompose how changes in family dynamics, pre‐ and postparenthood, contributed to income inequality in families with children between the years 1995 and 2018. Analyses show no evidence that assortative mating has increased and that a minor decline in inequality between couples over this 24‐year period resulted from two opposing trends: Dis‐equalizing changes related to women's postbirth income advancements were eclipsed by equalizing changes related to the postponement of parenthood. Postbirth income trends reveal how between‐family inequality increased through women's income development and decreased through men's. Our findings confirm the importance of family processes to household inequality and show the complex effects of both changes in the timing of parenthood and improved gender equality.","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142100897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mortality Convergence in Europe? Spatial Differences in Life Expectancy Gains Between 1995 and 2019 欧洲死亡率趋同？1995 至 2019 年间预期寿命增长的空间差异

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Population and Development Review Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1111/padr.12657

Markus Sauerberg, Florian Bonnet, Carlo Giovanni Camarda, Pavel Grigoriev

{"title":"Mortality Convergence in Europe? Spatial Differences in Life Expectancy Gains Between 1995 and 2019","authors":"Markus Sauerberg, Florian Bonnet, Carlo Giovanni Camarda, Pavel Grigoriev","doi":"10.1111/padr.12657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12657","url":null,"abstract":"The conventional approach to gauging mortality convergence in Europe relies on life expectancy estimates () at the national level. However, mortality can differ within countries significantly. To better apprehend whether Europe's mortality patterns have been converging or diverging over recent decades, we must shift our focus to regional mortality data. Using data from statistical offices, we present annual estimates for 420 regions in 16 EU countries from 1995 to 2019. In our empirical analysis, we examined whether regions with initially high mortality levels caught up with low‐mortality regions, and we investigated changes in the standard deviation of Europe's regional distribution over time. Indeed, mortality variation has generally decreased from 1995 to 2019 due to larger gains in for regions with initially high mortality levels. The convergence phase took place mostly during the first half of the entire time period analyzed. Over more recent periods, however, we observe more heterogeneity in the development of . Some advantaged regions realized further gains in , even as improvements slowed for more disadvantaged regions. In conclusion, our analysis underscores the importance of addressing widening health inequalities. Policies should target disadvantaged regions to retard mortality divergence across Europe.","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141904585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Birth Intention Status and Infant Mortality: Fixed‐Effects Analysis of 60 Countries 生育意愿状况与婴儿死亡率：对 60 个国家的固定效应分析

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Population and Development Review Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1111/padr.12652

Heini Väisänen, Ewa Batyra

{"title":"Birth Intention Status and Infant Mortality: Fixed‐Effects Analysis of 60 Countries","authors":"Heini Väisänen, Ewa Batyra","doi":"10.1111/padr.12652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12652","url":null,"abstract":"Most studies on the impact of birth intentions on children's well‐being do not separate risks of infant mortality associated with pregnancy intention status from the risks that are associated with sociodemographic characteristics. There is a lack of studies taking a multicountry comparative perspective. We analyzed 60 Demographic and Health Surveys in Asia, the Americas, and Africa to examine the association between birth intentions and infant mortality using sibling fixed‐effects linear probability models accounting for confounding due to time‐invariant maternal characteristics. Compared to wanted births, the probability of infant mortality was higher after an unwanted or mistimed birth, or both, in 41 countries. Particularly in West Africa, mostly mistimed pregnancies were associated with infant mortality, whereas in the Americas unwanted pregnancies mattered more. These differences could be partly due to contextual variation in the concept of birth intentions and in the importance of birth spacing and limiting. We show that the risk of infant mortality after an unwanted/mistimed pregnancy was higher in countries with low human development index and high overall infant mortality rate, highlighting the importance of taking context into account rather than pooling data. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first large‐scale, cross‐regional, and cross‐country comparative study to analyze the association between birth intentions and infant mortality using a fixed‐effects approach.","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141857767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Digital Trace Data and Demographic Forecasting: How Well Did Google Predict the US COVID‐19 Baby Bust? 数字痕迹数据和人口预测：谷歌对美国 COVID-19 婴儿潮的预测有多准？

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Population and Development Review Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1111/padr.12647

Joshua Wilde, Wei Chen, Sophie Lohmann, Jasmin Abdel Ghany

{"title":"Digital Trace Data and Demographic Forecasting: How Well Did Google Predict the US COVID‐19 Baby Bust?","authors":"Joshua Wilde, Wei Chen, Sophie Lohmann, Jasmin Abdel Ghany","doi":"10.1111/padr.12647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12647","url":null,"abstract":"At the onset of the first wave of COVID‐19 in the United States, the pandemic's effect on future birthrates was unknown. In this paper, we assess whether digital trace data—often touted as a panacea for traditional data scarcity—held the potential to accurately predict fertility change caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United States. Specifically, we produced state‐level, dynamic future predictions of the pandemic's effect on birthrates in the United States using pregnancy‐related Google search data. Importantly, these predictions were made in October 2020 (and revised in February 2021), well before the birth effect of the pandemic could have possibly been known. Our analysis predicted that between November 2020 and February 2021, monthly United States births would drop sharply by approximately 12 percent, then begin to rebound while remaining depressed through August 2021. While these predictions were generally accurate in terms of the magnitude and timing of the trough, there were important misses regarding the speed at which these reductions materialized and rebounded. This ex post evaluation of an ex ante prediction serves as a powerful demonstration of the “promise and pitfalls” of digital trace data in demographic research.","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141857766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Revolving Doors: How Externalization Policies Block Refugees and Deflect Other Migrants across Migration Routes 旋转门：外部化政策如何阻挡难民并使其他移民偏离移徙路线

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Population and Development Review Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1111/padr.12650

Alice Mesnard, Filip Savatic, Jean‐Noël Senne, Hélène Thiollet

{"title":"Revolving Doors: How Externalization Policies Block Refugees and Deflect Other Migrants across Migration Routes","authors":"Alice Mesnard, Filip Savatic, Jean‐Noël Senne, Hélène Thiollet","doi":"10.1111/padr.12650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12650","url":null,"abstract":"Migrant destination states of the Global North generally seek to stem irregular migration while remaining committed to refugee rights. To do so, these states have increasingly sought to externalize migration control, implicating migrant origin and transit states in managing the movement of persons across borders. But do externalization policies actually have an impact on unauthorized migration flows? If yes, do those impacts vary across different migrant categories given that both asylum seekers and other migrants can cross borders without prior authorization? We argue that these policies do have an impact on unauthorized migration flows and that those impacts are distinct for refugees and other migrants. Using data on “irregular/illegal border crossings” collected by Frontex, the Border and Coast Guard Agency of the European Union (EU), we first find that the geographical trajectories of refugees and other migrants who cross EU borders without authorization are distinct. Using a novel method to estimate whether individuals are likely to obtain asylum in 31 European destination states, we find that “likely refugees” tend to be concentrated on a single, primary migratory route while “likely irregular migrants” may be dispersed across multiple routes. Through an event study analysis of the impact of the 2016 EU–Turkey Statement, a paradigmatic example of externalization, we show that the policy primarily blocked likely refugees while deflecting likely irregular migrants to alternative routes. Our findings ultimately highlight how externalization policies may fail to prevent unauthorized entries of irregular migrants while endangering refugee protection.","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141755166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fertility and Family Dynamics in the Aftermath of the COVID‐19 Pandemic COVID-19 大流行后的生育率和家庭动态

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Population and Development Review Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1111/padr.12648

Natalie Nitsche, Joshua Wilde

引用次数: 0

The Demography of Crisis‐Driven Outflows from Venezuela 危机导致委内瑞拉人口外流的人口结构

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Population and Development Review Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1111/padr.12651

Jenny Garcia Arias

{"title":"The Demography of Crisis‐Driven Outflows from Venezuela","authors":"Jenny Garcia Arias","doi":"10.1111/padr.12651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12651","url":null,"abstract":"The Venezuelan exodus represents the largest known displacement of people in recent Latin American history. The regional crisis caused by this mass Venezuelan migration drove the development of multiple interagency initiatives (such as the R4V platform) as well as academic attempts to keep track of outflow intensity. However, little is known about the age and gender composition of the emigrants since most existing literature to date has focused primarily on total volume and country‐specific shares of migration outflows. This study examines the demographics of recent outflows from Venezuela, the chronology of associated changes, and the demographic implications for those remaining in the country. Official counts of Venezuelan‐born populations compiled in seven main destinations are used to estimate annual outflows by age and gender from 2011 to 2021. Changes in the demographic composition of emigration are traced using parameters of the Rogers–Castro model, specifically the children‐to‐labor force dominance, and by decomposing the age contributions to the annual gross migraproduction rate. In the early phase of the crisis (2014–2017), emigration flows had high child dependency ratios. As the crisis entered its most acute phase (peaking in 2019), the mean age of migrants increased. Outward migration has resulted in the current Venezuelan population having 20 percent fewer women of reproductive age and 17.8 percent fewer individuals of working age. Consequently, the share of the population aged 60 or older has increased.","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141726341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Worlds in Motion Redux? Expanding Migration Theories and Their Interconnections 运动中的世界再现？拓展移民理论及其相互联系

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Population and Development Review Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1111/padr.12630

Fernando Riosmena

{"title":"Worlds in Motion Redux? Expanding Migration Theories and Their Interconnections","authors":"Fernando Riosmena","doi":"10.1111/padr.12630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12630","url":null,"abstract":"Migration theorizing has coalesced around sets encompassing several frameworks. Despite many contributions of these collections, contemporary migration theorizing exhibits three important shortcomings, which this paper aims to address. First, sets of theories have traditionally not explicitly and jointly addressed fundamental questions in migration, namely (i) key motivations beyond those related to “labor” (turmoil; environmental strain; family, or self‐realization factors); (ii) how important axes of social difference produce distinct motivations and mechanisms (e.g., by gender and sexuality); (iii) the (in)direct roles of the state; (iv) important spatial considerations, that is, immobility, internal versus international movement, step/onward/secondary migrations; and (v) key issues of temporality, that is, return migration, its timing, and intentionality. Engaging with classical and contemporary scholarship, I provide an updated, revised, and broadened set of frameworks and analytical lenses that better incorporate these issues. Second, the most common typology used to categorize frameworks into “initiation” and “continuation” suffers from ambiguity and imprecision. I offer a new classification, typifying mechanisms as more/less endogenous to prior migrations. Third, scholarship has advanced little in systematically examining whether/how theories relate to each other. I provide a basic taxonomy of mechanism “competition,” “coexistence,” co‐occurrence, and interrelation. I conclude by proposing a new and expanded set of frameworks and analytical lenses, reflecting on the implications of these modifications.","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141602637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does Inequality Have Momentum? The Implications of Convex Inequality Regimes for Mortality Dynamics 不平等是否有动力？凸性不平等制度对死亡率动态的影响

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Population and Development Review Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1111/padr.12649

Arun S. Hendi

{"title":"Does Inequality Have Momentum? The Implications of Convex Inequality Regimes for Mortality Dynamics","authors":"Arun S. Hendi","doi":"10.1111/padr.12649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12649","url":null,"abstract":"For decades, educational inequalities in mortality have widened and mortality among the least educated has stalled, even as overall mortality has improved, and an increasing proportion of young people have completed secondary and tertiary education. While researchers recognize that these trends are in part related to changing selection into education groups, there has been no unifying framework for understanding why the trends may be related. This article provides a unifying framework by introducing a concept called the “convex inequality regime,” a diminishing returns relationship between relative education and mortality. In populations where convex inequality regimes prevail, even without any changes in the institutions governing inequality or any changes in overall mortality conditions, education transitions result in an increase in mortality for the less educated and an increase in mortality inequality between education groups. The model also shows that lifespan variation increases for lower education groups because convex inequality regimes tend to increase relative mortality more rapidly at younger ages during an education transition. Even after an education transition is complete, inequality between education groups will continue to increase for decades due to the momentum of inequality, a cohort replacement phenomenon where younger more unequal cohorts replace older more equal cohorts.","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141566087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0