Population and Development Review最新文献

Revisiting Women's Empowerment and Contraception 重新审视妇女赋权和避孕问题

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Population and Development Review Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1111/padr.12688

Shireen J. Jejeebhoy, Zeba Sathar

{"title":"Revisiting Women's Empowerment and Contraception","authors":"Shireen J. Jejeebhoy, Zeba Sathar","doi":"10.1111/padr.12688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12688","url":null,"abstract":"This essay explores and reviews the literature from low‐ and middle‐income countries on the pathways of influence between women's empowerment and reproductive outcomes, specially focusing on contraception, and points to some outstanding gaps. We adopt a framework that assesses the influence of contextual factors, notably kinship structures, and marriage systems, on women's empowerment and agency and other transformational factors affecting women's agency and gender roles and wielding direct and indirect influences on empowerment and contraceptive outcomes. The review of around 80 studies highlights that even after other factors are adjusted, women's agency has a strong influence on contraceptive outcomes. Contraceptive use levels are likely influenced by community‐level factors above and beyond individual‐level factors. Transformational factors, especially exogenous factors such as education and family planning programs, have independent and direct effects on contraceptive outcomes, at times even weakening or canceling out the effects of women's agency. Comprehensive contraceptive transition theory must reserve a central place for women's empowerment through agency and gender roles, particularly the ability of women and girls to make independent and free contraceptive choices. Relatedly, progress in contraceptive transition should be assessed according to not only contraceptive prevalence but also women's ability to use their preferred choice of methods for achieving reproductive rights.","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Globalization of International Migration? A Conceptual and Data‐Driven Synthesis 国际移民全球化？概念和数据驱动的综述

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Population and Development Review Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1111/padr.12686

Jasmine Trang Ha, Jack DeWaard, Guy Abel, Kazumi Tsuchiya, Jessie Pinchoff, Christopher Levesque, Kobie Price

{"title":"The Globalization of International Migration? A Conceptual and Data‐Driven Synthesis","authors":"Jasmine Trang Ha, Jack DeWaard, Guy Abel, Kazumi Tsuchiya, Jessie Pinchoff, Christopher Levesque, Kobie Price","doi":"10.1111/padr.12686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12686","url":null,"abstract":"Although the globalization of international migration is commonly accepted as a general tendency in contemporary migration patterns (de Haas, Castles, and Miller 2020, 9), the corresponding body of empirical evidence is mixed and fragmented. Our review of global migration patterns over the past half‐century highlights how the theories, expectations, and ultimately findings may vary depending on the specific definitions, vantage points, and measures being used. In this paper, we provide a simpler and integrated account of the globalization of international migration that includes a corresponding empirical template to quantify the relative importance of two processes at work: the intensity and connectivity of international migration. Using recent estimates of country‐to‐country migration flows every five years from 1990–1995 to 2015–2020, our analysis using demographic decomposition and group‐based multitrajectory modeling highlights the dynamic relationship between intensity and connectivity from both the global and country vantage points. Our work in this paper provides a starting point in the form of a much‐needed empirical template, one that is also highly flexible and customizable, for future research on the globalization of international migration to coalesce around and use going forward.","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142601926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contraceptive Change and Fertility Transition 避孕药具的变化与生育率的转变

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Population and Development Review Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1111/padr.12689

Vladimíra Kantorová, John Bongaarts

引用次数: 0

The Next 2 Billion: Can the World Support 10 Billion People? 下一个 20 亿：世界能否养活 100 亿人？

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Population and Development Review Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1111/padr.12685

David Lam

{"title":"The Next 2 Billion: Can the World Support 10 Billion People?","authors":"David Lam","doi":"10.1111/padr.12685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12685","url":null,"abstract":"The UN projects that world population will peak at 10.3 billion in 2084, a 2.1 billion increase from 2024. Can the world provide food, water, and other resources to 10.3 billion people? How will additional population exacerbate resource challenges and worsen climate change? This paper analyzes these questions by looking at the last 60 years and by simulating the future impact of population growth and rising incomes on food, water, energy, and CO2 emissions. Looking back, food production has increased faster than the population in all regions, and we have not experienced significant shortages in nonrenewable resources. The history of water and CO2 emissions is less encouraging, however, with declining water levels in many aquifers and global warming threatening to undermine progress in all areas. Looking forward, population growth will be concentrated in poor countries, while rich countries, with higher consumption levels and emissions, will experience population decline. Population growth is projected to significantly increase demand for food and water in coming decades but is projected to have only modest impacts on energy and CO2, with population decline in high‐emission higher income countries more than offsetting the impact of population growth in low‐emission lower‐income countries.","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142594717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Potential of Internal Migration to Shape Rural and Urban Populations Across Africa, Asia, and Latin America 国内移民塑造非洲、亚洲和拉丁美洲城乡人口的潜力

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Population and Development Review Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1111/padr.12676

Ashira Menashe‐Oren, Philippe Bocquier

{"title":"The Potential of Internal Migration to Shape Rural and Urban Populations Across Africa, Asia, and Latin America","authors":"Ashira Menashe‐Oren, Philippe Bocquier","doi":"10.1111/padr.12676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12676","url":null,"abstract":"Subnational divergence in the age and sex structures of populations can have far‐stretching consequences for development: from marriage markets to the potential for violence to economic growth. With urbanization and the demographic transition still underway, rural and urban populations continue to differ across low‐ and middle‐income countries. We examine the extent by which internal migration contributes to these differences, from 1970 to 2014 using estimates of migration between rural and urban sectors based on census data from 45 countries. We found that despite heavily delineated migration profiles by age and sex, internal migration does not alter sex and age structures of rural and urban populations. All the same, internal migration does increase urban growth in Asia and Latin America and the Caribbean. In contrast, in Africa, internal migration has little leverage with the urban transition. Across the continents, there is a potential for de‐urbanization, driven by a rural/urban gap in fertility. As such, the rural population may continue to constitute a significant proportion of national populations, necessitating critical investments to ensure they are not left behind.","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142588670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Progress Stalled? The Uncertain Future of Mortality in High‐Income Countries 进展停滞不前？高收入国家死亡率的不确定未来

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Population and Development Review Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1111/padr.12687

Jennifer Beam Dowd, Antonino Polizzi, Andrea M. Tilstra

{"title":"Progress Stalled? The Uncertain Future of Mortality in High‐Income Countries","authors":"Jennifer Beam Dowd, Antonino Polizzi, Andrea M. Tilstra","doi":"10.1111/padr.12687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12687","url":null,"abstract":"Steady and significant improvements in life expectancy have been a bright spot for human progress for the last century or more. Recently, this success has shown signs of faltering in some high‐income countries, where mortality improvements have slowed or even reversed since the early 2010s. Combined with the large mortality shock of the COVID‐19 pandemic, guaranteed forward progress feels less certain. We review mortality trends in high‐income countries since 2000 through the COVID‐19 pandemic. While deteriorating mortality in the United States has received the most attention, countries including the United Kingdom, Canada, the Netherlands, Greece, and Germany are also seeing slowdowns. Before COVID‐19, these slowdowns largely reflected stalling improvements in cardiovascular disease mortality and increases in deaths from external causes in young and midlife for the worst‐performing countries. We discuss prospects for the future of mortality in high‐income countries, including lingering impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic, challenges and opportunities related to the obesity epidemic, and emerging reasons for both optimism and pessimism. While biological limits to increased life expectancy may eventually dominate long‐term trends, human‐made social factors are currently holding many countries back from already achievable best‐practice life expectancy and will be key to near‐term improvements.","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142588771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beyond Stocks and Surges: The Demographic Impact of the Unauthorized Immigrant Population in the United States 超越存量和激增：美国非法移民人口的人口学影响

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Population and Development Review Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1111/padr.12683

Jennifer Van Hook

{"title":"Beyond Stocks and Surges: The Demographic Impact of the Unauthorized Immigrant Population in the United States","authors":"Jennifer Van Hook","doi":"10.1111/padr.12683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12683","url":null,"abstract":"Stock estimates of the US unauthorized foreign‐born population are routinely published, but less is known about this population's dynamics. Using a series of residual estimates based on 2000 Census and 2001–2022 American Community Survey (ACS), I estimate the components of change for the unauthorized immigrant population from 2000 to 2022 by region and country of origin. Further, I develop and present novel measures of expected duration in unauthorized status and demographic impact of unauthorized entries (i.e., person‐years lived in unauthorized status). Results reveal dramatic changes over the last two decades. In the early 2000s, the unauthorized immigrant population was dominated by Mexicans who tended to remain in the United States for extended periods of time and whose demographic impact on the US population was substantial. After the 2007–2008 Great Recession, a new pattern emerged. Unauthorized migrants now arrive from across the globe, including Central America and Asia (up through 2018), and most recently from Europe, Africa, Canada, Venezuela, and other parts of South America. These new unauthorized immigrants are more likely to arrive on temporary nonimmigrant visas (which typically allow a foreigner to live and work in the United States for six years) and, with the exception of Venezuelans, spend less time in unauthorized status. Overall, the demographic impact of this new type of unauthorized migration is lower than it was two decades ago.","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142541145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Older Adults’ Descendants and Family Networks in the Context of Global Educational Expansion 全球教育扩张背景下的老年人后代和家庭网络

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Population and Development Review Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1111/padr.12681

Rachel Margolis, Mara Getz Sheftel, Haowei Wang, Raeven Faye Chandler, Lauren Newmyer, Ashton M. Verdery

{"title":"Older Adults’ Descendants and Family Networks in the Context of Global Educational Expansion","authors":"Rachel Margolis, Mara Getz Sheftel, Haowei Wang, Raeven Faye Chandler, Lauren Newmyer, Ashton M. Verdery","doi":"10.1111/padr.12681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12681","url":null,"abstract":"Family networks are key to understanding the well‐being of older adults because kin provide instrumental and financial support, help manage health and disability, and encourage social integration. Two momentous societal changes have shaped the families of contemporary older adults: the first and second demographic transitions and global educational expansion. The intersection of these two processes raises questions about how older adults are faring in terms of their kin availability. This paper examines the socioeconomic bifurcation of adults in midlife and beyond in terms of the existence of descendants and other kin. Disparities in kin availability may vary across socioeconomic status and contexts, and so we examine this phenomenon worldwide, analyzing data on two thirds of the world's population of adults aged 50 and above. Our results highlight different kin structures by socioeconomic status. High socioeconomic status adults have fewer descendants but a higher likelihood of having at least one child with tertiary education, a partner, and living parents. Low socioeconomic status older adults have larger families with more younger kin. Our results shed new light on potential mismatches between the contemporary family networks of older adults and longstanding social norms and assumptions about caregiving, family, and health policies.","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142536450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gender Differences in the Migration Process: A Narrative Literature Review 移民过程中的性别差异：叙述性文献综述

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Population and Development Review Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1111/padr.12677

Athina Anastasiadou, Jisu Kim, Ebru Sanlitürk, Helga A. G. de Valk, Emilio Zagheni

{"title":"Gender Differences in the Migration Process: A Narrative Literature Review","authors":"Athina Anastasiadou, Jisu Kim, Ebru Sanlitürk, Helga A. G. de Valk, Emilio Zagheni","doi":"10.1111/padr.12677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12677","url":null,"abstract":"Migration scholars agree that migration is a highly gendered process. While the literature on this topic is increasing, the knowledge produced remains fragmentary and has not been synthesized systematically yet. This literature review aims at summarizing the current findings of quantitative migration research comparing migration patterns between genders and highlighting gaps and patterns in the literature over time. Following a reproducible and systematic approach, 6032 articles have been scanned and 170 were considered for in‐depth content analysis. The review of the literature revealed that women have a lower propensity than men to realize their migration aspirations conditional on migration intentions. Moreover, many articles analyzing migration flows by gender do not support the common narrative of a feminization of migration. Finally, evidence from the migration literature supports the assumption that migrant women experience a double burden of discrimination in the destination country labor market based on their gender and their migration status. It becomes apparent that gender‐based comparisons between migration outcomes have received the most attention in the literature followed by the comparison of determinants. The stage of the journey received only little attention. This literature review also focuses on the data sources used to produce our knowledge on gender differences in the migration process. Thereby, it stands out that the majority of papers rely on survey data for the analysis. Digital trace data are a promising source for gender‐disaggregated data and can potentially complement the scarce aggregate migration data landscape.","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142415575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reconsidering the Relationship Between Educational Hypogamy and Intimate Partner Violence: Evidence from India 重新考虑教育低配与亲密伴侣暴力之间的关系：印度的证据

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Population and Development Review Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1111/padr.12679

Roshan K. Pandian

{"title":"Reconsidering the Relationship Between Educational Hypogamy and Intimate Partner Violence: Evidence from India","authors":"Roshan K. Pandian","doi":"10.1111/padr.12679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12679","url":null,"abstract":"Past research suggests that the expansion of women's education reduces their exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) due to attitudinal changes and women's greater access to resources. The IPV literature also suggests that educational hypogamy (women marrying men with less education) increases IPV as women face backlash associated with gender‐status inconsistencies. However, existing research has not effectively tested the link between educational hypogamy and IPV. In this study, I provide a direct and explicit test of this backlash hypothesis using nationally representative National Family Health Survey data from India, a country characterized by high levels of IPV and gender inequality but rising levels of educational hypogamy. Using an interactive specification between wife's and husband's education, I do not find evidence for a positive association between educational hypogamy and IPV. Women's education is associated with reduced IPV, even in some instances when it exceeds the husband's education. Further analyses suggest that educational hypogamy by itself does not raise IPV risk in India because increased education does not necessarily grant Indian women greater access to other resources such as employment and income. Rather, education likely shapes IPV by precipitating attitudinal changes that lead to IPV rejection. This study contributes to theories of the family, gender, and violence and presents findings that contradict much of the literature on educational hypogamy and IPV in the Global South.","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142405167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0