Jcms-Journal of Common Market Studies最新文献

{"title":"The Impact of Brexit on Women, Peace and Security in Northern Ireland: Spotlight on Violence Against Women","authors":"Katharine A. M. Wright,&nbsp;Ruth McAreavey,&nbsp;Rebecca Donaldson","doi":"10.1111/jcms.13663","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcms.13663","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The impact of Brexit on Northern Ireland (NI) is now well established; however, less attention has been given to the impact on women, despite the applicability of the Women, Peace and Security agenda. In this policy commentary, we detail the impact Brexit has had on the issue of violence against women in NI. This is timely, given that the NI Executive Office has developed an Ending Violence against Women and Girls (VAWG) Strategic Framework, of which the adoption was identified as a priority on the resumption of the NI Assembly in February 2024. In addition to the repercussions of ‘Brexit politics’ resulting in the suspension of Stormont, which stymied the adoption of the strategy, we examine what has been lost in terms of funding, data collection, benchmarking and legal protections, all of which contribute to addressing VAWG in NI. We conclude with policy points to address the issues arising.</p>","PeriodicalId":51369,"journal":{"name":"Jcms-Journal of Common Market Studies","volume":"62 5","pages":"1408-1416"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcms.13663","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141773957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cybersecurity Trends in the European Union: Regulatory Mercantilism and the Digitalisation of Geopolitics","authors":"Helena Carrapico,&nbsp;Benjamin Farrand","doi":"10.1111/jcms.13654","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcms.13654","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The European Union (EU)'s cybersecurity policy has, over the past two decades, undergone dramatic changes that have positioned it not only at the forefront of the EU's security policy landscape but also as one of the most influential policies across the EU policy spectrum (Carrapico and Farrand, &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Christou, &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;; Dunn Cavelty, &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;; Obendiek and Seidl, &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). Over the years, the EU has become particularly aware of its increasing reliance on digital infrastructure and services, namely, how sectors such as transport, trade, finance, health, energy and education rely on accessing secure information and communication technology infrastructure. This dependency has been understood as highlighting the EU's vulnerability to the exponential growth in cyberthreats online (Carrapico and Farrand, &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). Having developed mainly in a reactive fashion to these perceived vulnerabilities, the EU's cybersecurity strategy was officially introduced in 2013 as an umbrella for a set of pre-existing, albeit scattered, initiatives (European Commission and High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;). Since then, it has transitioned from a set of foundational measures to a mature, comprehensive and strategic policy focused on resilience, co-operation and technological advancement. It is composed of four main sub-policy areas: cybercrime and law enforcement; critical information infrastructure protection; cyber-defence; and cyber-diplomacy. Although distinct in their focus, these areas all work together towards the protection of the EU's digital infrastructure and residents.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The evolution of the EU cybersecurity policy can be characterised as having three distinct phases: the first was the genesis phase (1985–2003), during which the different sub-fields of cybersecurity developed separately (in particular in the context of the former EU First and Third Pillars), and the EU gradually positioned itself as a co-ordinating actor capable of addressing cross-border cybersecurity threats. This phase saw the initial recognition of the need for a co-ordinated approach to cybersecurity within a European framework. The second was the institutionalisation phase (2004–2018), where the EU pushed towards a more consistent policy framework by advocating for coherence and dialogue between the different sub-fields. This push involved the introduction and expansion of the number of EU cybersecurity co-ordinating bodies and adopting resilience as a strategy to protect businesses, public bodies and citizens. The third phase can be classified as the regulatory phase (2019–present), which has been marked by a significant attempt by the EU to gain control of cybersecurity governance. This has been achieved through a discursive framing of cybersecurity as a matter of European sovereignty (Farrand and Carrapico, &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;), the translation of this discourse","PeriodicalId":51369,"journal":{"name":"Jcms-Journal of Common Market Studies","volume":"62 S1","pages":"147-158"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcms.13654","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141773954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Between Cooperation and Rivalry: The Leadership of Charles Michel as President of the European Council","authors":"Henriette Müller,&nbsp;Ingeborg Tömmel","doi":"10.1111/jcms.13660","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcms.13660","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51369,"journal":{"name":"Jcms-Journal of Common Market Studies","volume":"62 S1","pages":"52-63"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141773952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The European Union's Response to the Rule of Law Crisis and the Making of the New Conditionality Regime","authors":"Ramona Coman,&nbsp;Aron Buzogány","doi":"10.1111/jcms.13661","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcms.13661","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51369,"journal":{"name":"Jcms-Journal of Common Market Studies","volume":"62 S1","pages":"102-112"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141773956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptation, Experimentation or Conservation? The Use of Differentiated Implementation Under the Energy Efficiency Directive","authors":"Alexander Hoppe,&nbsp;Michael Hübner,&nbsp;Sebastiaan Princen,&nbsp;Martin Svec","doi":"10.1111/jcms.13647","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcms.13647","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this article, we introduce an innovative theoretical framework to analyse the use of differentiated implementation in the implementation process of European Union (EU) Directives. We identify rationales for offering flexibility in EU Directives as well as motives for policy-makers to make use of the discretion. We analyse patterns and drivers of differentiated implementation under the Energy Efficiency Directive (EED) in four member states in order to assess whether practices of differentiated implementation conform to the rationales for offering flexibility. We show that member states mainly use the flexibility offered to retain existing policies. In addition, the EED led to some mutual learning based on experimentation, although this effect is limited. Whilst the EED offered a high potential for mutual learning, the member states did not use this opportunity. Overall, the implementation of the EED offers mixed evidence for the use of differentiated implementation to support differentiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":51369,"journal":{"name":"Jcms-Journal of Common Market Studies","volume":"63 3","pages":"745-764"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcms.13647","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141773960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The European Union's Global Health Actorness: A Research Agenda for a New Age of Pandemics","authors":"Óscar Fernández","doi":"10.1111/jcms.13645","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcms.13645","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Whilst the European Union's (EU's) response to health emergencies has historically been subpar, some suggest that it emerged from COVID-19 as a stronger global health actor. This prompts two interrelated questions: how have International Relations scholars conceptualised and assessed EU ‘actorness’ in the all-too-often neglected field of global health, and what adjustments are required in anticipation of a potential new age of pandemics? This article revisits the longstanding notion of ‘actorness’ and dissects the few studies that apply it systematically to analyse the EU's role in global health. After identifying some key shortcomings in the literature, the article formulates a research agenda suitable for the complex and high-stakes nature of contemporary global health endeavours. By further adapting the concept of ‘actorness’ to a multifaceted EU external action as well as to an increasingly intricate global governance architecture, this research agenda contributes to the broader scholarship on the EU's international outreach.</p>","PeriodicalId":51369,"journal":{"name":"Jcms-Journal of Common Market Studies","volume":"63 3","pages":"1008-1021"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcms.13645","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141773959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Doing the Same With Different Results: Variations in EU Presidencies of Austria, Finland, Slovakia and Czechia","authors":"Kateřina Kočí,&nbsp;Jarolím Antal","doi":"10.1111/jcms.13646","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcms.13646","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Holding the presidency in the Council of the EU can be a powerful tool of influence for a member state. Despite its centrality in EU decision-making, there is a gap in a systematic analysis of the performance of the presiding country, especially considering the external (input) factors that impact the successful implementation of the EU presidency. This article attempts to understand how the EU presidency can be conceptualized and what factors can influence its success. The analysis dwells on findings from current scholarly research as well as on data from four selected EU presidencies (Austrian, Finnish, Slovakian and Czech). It argues that the success of a presidency may be interpreted as apparent, but in reality, its extent and nature vary. It (the presidency) is a result of various factors that directly become part of the preparations and affect the execution of the presidency's activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":51369,"journal":{"name":"Jcms-Journal of Common Market Studies","volume":"63 3","pages":"765-785"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcms.13646","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141650355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Context Matters: Variation in the Shortsightedness of European Climate Policy","authors":"Jana Gheuens","doi":"10.1111/jcms.13644","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcms.13644","url":null,"abstract":"<p>When governments are faced with long-term issues like climate change, it is often argued that they bias the short term over the long term, leading to inadequate policy responses. However, the shortsightedness of European Union (EU) climate governance has varied over time and between policy areas. This suggests that, under certain conditions, EU policy-makers can formulate policies for the long term. This article examines the shortsighted mechanisms in the decision-making of the European Commission, European Parliament and Council of the EU on two groups of cases: (1) the 2030 Climate Framework and the Fit for 55 Package and (2) the 2014, 2019 and 2023 Regulations on the CO₂ emission performance standards for new passenger cars. The article reveals that responsiveness to electoral and interest group concerns differs amongst EU institutions, and depending on the shortsightedness of these concerns, their own shortsightedness may likewise vary.</p>","PeriodicalId":51369,"journal":{"name":"Jcms-Journal of Common Market Studies","volume":"63 3","pages":"726-744"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcms.13644","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141718190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Emigration Conundrum: EU Countries of Origin of Migrants Between Integration and Demarcation","authors":"Christof Roos,&nbsp;Max Nagel,&nbsp;Hanna Kieschnick,&nbsp;Kseniia Cherniak","doi":"10.1111/jcms.13637","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcms.13637","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Based on an analysis of parliamentary debates and party manifestos from 2000 to 2022 in three EU countries of emigration, this article responds to the following question: How emigration is discussed in the political discourse, by whom and why? The research on Poland, Portugal and Romania reveals that parties of the left and right address the societal impacts of emigration whilst simultaneously acknowledging the appreciation of citizens of EU freedoms. Tackling this conundrum, parties call for domestic demarcation for an issue that is partially European. They advocate for state intervention to improve working and living conditions and express concern for the sustainability of the national community responding to demographic changes. The variation amongst the case countries is evident in the dominance of a rightist framing in Central and Eastern Europe, emphasizing state intervention and concerns for the nation, and a leftist framing in Southern Europe, advocating solely for state intervention into the economy. Differently structured party systems and strength of cleavages explain this variation.</p>","PeriodicalId":51369,"journal":{"name":"Jcms-Journal of Common Market Studies","volume":"63 1","pages":"160-178"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcms.13637","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The (De-)Europeanization of the Political Class in the European Parliament: A Longitudinal Analysis of Members of the European Parliament's Career Patterns (1979–2019)","authors":"Jeremy Dodeigne,&nbsp;François Randour,&nbsp;Sophie Kopsch","doi":"10.1111/jcms.13643","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcms.13643","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article presents a systematic empirical analysis of the career patterns of all 3634 members of the European Parliament (MEPs) who served in the European Parliament (EP) over the last 40 years (1979–2019). It explains how changes in the EP's structure of opportunities have shaped the development of MEPs' career patterns. First, we show that the development of a European political class is not a recent trend but that this process took place in the early days of the EP (as soon as in the 1984–1989 term), albeit with variance across political groups of the European Parliament (EPGs) and Member States. Second, we observe that the transformation of party systems and electoral volatility have been questioning the existence of the European political class. Overall, we conclude that legislative institutions are only as strong as the individuals who are called to serve them. Recent rises in the EP's turnover could ultimately undermine the EP's formal policy-making capacity in the middle and long terms.</p>","PeriodicalId":51369,"journal":{"name":"Jcms-Journal of Common Market Studies","volume":"63 3","pages":"704-725"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcms.13643","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}