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Annual Review of Sociology最新文献

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Genealogical Microdata and Their Significance for Social Science. 家谱微数据及其社会科学意义。
IF 10.5 1区 社会学
Annual Review of Sociology Pub Date : 2017-07-01 Epub Date: 2017-05-24 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-soc-073014-112157
Xi Song, Cameron D Campbell
{"title":"Genealogical Microdata and Their Significance for Social Science.","authors":"Xi Song,&nbsp;Cameron D Campbell","doi":"10.1146/annurev-soc-073014-112157","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-soc-073014-112157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite long-standing recognition of the importance of family background in shaping life outcomes, only recently have empirical studies in demography, stratification, and other areas begun to consider the influence of kin other than parents. These new studies reflect the increasing availability of genealogical microdata that provide information about ancestors and kin over three or more generations. These data sets, including family genealogies, linked vital registration records, population registers, longitudinal surveys, and other sources, are valuable resources for social research on family, population, and stratification in a multigenerational perspective. This article reviews relevant recent studies, introduces and presents examples of the most important sources of genealogical microdata, identifies key methodological issues in the construction and analysis of genealogical data, and suggests directions for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":51353,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Sociology","volume":"43 1","pages":"75-99"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-soc-073014-112157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39237929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 29
Decision-Making Processes in Social Contexts. 社会背景下的决策过程。
IF 8.9 1区 社会学
Annual Review of Sociology Pub Date : 2017-07-01 Epub Date: 2017-05-12 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-soc-060116-053622
Elizabeth Bruch, Fred Feinberg
{"title":"Decision-Making Processes in Social Contexts.","authors":"Elizabeth Bruch, Fred Feinberg","doi":"10.1146/annurev-soc-060116-053622","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-soc-060116-053622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past half-century, scholars in the interdisciplinary field of Judgment and Decision Making have amassed a trove of findings, theories, and prescriptions regarding the processes ordinary people enact when making choices. But this body of knowledge has had little influence on sociology. Sociological research on choice emphasizes how features of the social environment shape individual behavior, not people's underlying decision processes. Our aim in this article is to provide an overview of selected ideas, models, and data sources from decision research that can fuel new lines of inquiry on how socially situated actors navigate both everyday and major life choices. We also highlight opportunities and challenges for cross-fertilization between sociology and decision research that can allow the methods, findings, and contexts of each field to expand their joint range of inquiry.</p>","PeriodicalId":51353,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Sociology","volume":"43 ","pages":"207-227"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5543983/pdf/nihms876840.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35389129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Categorical Inequality: Schools As Sorting Machines. 分类不平等：学校是分拣机
IF 10.5 1区 社会学
Annual Review of Sociology Pub Date : 2017-07-01 Epub Date: 2017-05-05 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-soc-060116-053354
Thurston Domina, Andrew Penner, Emily Penner
{"title":"Categorical Inequality: Schools As Sorting Machines.","authors":"Thurston Domina, Andrew Penner, Emily Penner","doi":"10.1146/annurev-soc-060116-053354","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-soc-060116-053354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite their egalitarian ethos, schools are social sorting machines, creating categories that serve as the foundation of later life inequalities. In this review, we apply the theory of categorical inequality to education, focusing particularly on contemporary American schools. We discuss the range of categories that schools create, adopt, and reinforce, as well as the mechanisms through which these categories contribute to production of inequalities within schools and beyond. We argue that this categorical inequality frame helps to resolve a fundamental tension in the sociology of education and inequality, shedding light on how schools can-at once-be egalitarian institutions and agents of inequality. By applying the notion of categorical inequality to schools, we provide a set of conceptual tools that can help researchers understand, measure, and evaluate the ways in which schools structure social inequality.</p>","PeriodicalId":51353,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Sociology","volume":"43 ","pages":"311-330"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5892435/pdf/nihms950060.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36011951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
WEALTH INEQUALITY AND ACCUMULATION. 财富不平等和积累。
IF 10.5 1区 社会学
Annual Review of Sociology Pub Date : 2017-07-01 Epub Date: 2017-05-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-soc-060116-053331
Alexandra Killewald, Fabian T Pfeffer, Jared N Schachner
{"title":"WEALTH INEQUALITY AND ACCUMULATION.","authors":"Alexandra Killewald, Fabian T Pfeffer, Jared N Schachner","doi":"10.1146/annurev-soc-060116-053331","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-soc-060116-053331","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research on wealth inequality and accumulation and the data upon which it relies have expanded substantially in the twenty-first century. While the field has experienced rapid growth, conceptual and methodological challenges remain. We begin by discussing two major unresolved methodological concerns facing wealth research: how to address challenges to causal inference posed by wealth's cumulative nature and how to operationalize net worth, given its highly skewed nature. To underscore the need for continued empirical attention to net worth, we review trends in wealth levels and inequality and evaluate wealth's distinctiveness as an indicator of social stratification. Next, we provide an overview of data sources available for wealth research. We then review recent empirical evidence on the effects of wealth on other social outcomes, as well as research on the determinants of wealth. We close with a list of promising avenues for future research on wealth, its causes, and its consequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":51353,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Sociology","volume":"43 ","pages":"379-404"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5546759/pdf/nihms887694.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35310688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Graduate Education and Social Stratification. 研究生教育与社会分层。
IF 10.5 1区 社会学
Annual Review of Sociology Pub Date : 2017-07-01 Epub Date: 2017-05-03 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-soc-081715-074324
Julie R Posselt, Eric Grodsky
{"title":"Graduate Education and Social Stratification.","authors":"Julie R Posselt,&nbsp;Eric Grodsky","doi":"10.1146/annurev-soc-081715-074324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-081715-074324","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Graduate and professional education play an increasingly important role in economic inequality and elite formation in the United States, but sociologists have not subjected stratification in and through graduate education to the same level of scrutiny recently applied to undergraduate and sub-baccalaureate education. In this review, we discuss how prominent stratification theories might be extended to studies of the role of graduate and professional education, and we review research about stratification at junctures along student pathways into and through postbaccalaureate education to the labor market. Especially in doctoral and professional education, we find persistent stratification, including pronounced educational inheritance and disparities in participation and degree attainment by race/ethnicity and gender. We propose future directions for inquiry, highlighting unanswered questions and conceptual issues concerning how the field of and pathways through postbaccalaureate education contribute to social stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":51353,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Sociology","volume":"43 ","pages":"353-378"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-soc-081715-074324","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36924063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 102
Social Foundations of Health Care Inequality and Treatment Bias 医疗保健不平等和治疗偏见的社会基础
IF 10.5 1区 社会学
Annual Review of Sociology Pub Date : 2016-08-01 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-SOC-081715-074226
K. Spencer, Matthew K. Grace
{"title":"Social Foundations of Health Care Inequality and Treatment Bias","authors":"K. Spencer, Matthew K. Grace","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-SOC-081715-074226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-SOC-081715-074226","url":null,"abstract":"It is widely assumed that the use of medical care will lead to improvements in health, yet questions remain about the medical system's contributions to health disparities. In this review, we examine these issues with a specific focus on how health care systems may actually generate or exacerbate health disparities. We review current knowledge about inequality and bias in the health care system, including the epidemiology of such patterns and their underlying mechanisms. Over the past three decades, we observe growth in our knowledge about provider cognitive and psychological processing, including the development of precision measuring tools to analyze provider bias, racial and otherwise. In the same timeframe we observe decreased emphasis on social, interactional, organizational, and structural factors that shape variation in medical treatment. We frame our discussion within a modified social ecological model and discuss tools for moving forward and reinvigorating sociological presence in this important r...","PeriodicalId":51353,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Sociology","volume":"36 1","pages":"101-120"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83735569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 65
Race and Politics in the Age of Obama 奥巴马时代的种族与政治
IF 10.5 1区 社会学
Annual Review of Sociology Pub Date : 2016-08-01 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-SOC-081715-074246
C. Parker
{"title":"Race and Politics in the Age of Obama","authors":"C. Parker","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-SOC-081715-074246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-SOC-081715-074246","url":null,"abstract":"Race has rarely mattered more in US politics than it does now. The election of President Obama has laid bare the racial divisions that continue to fracture the United States. In this review, I explore the emerging scholarship that assesses Obama's impact on social and political life in the United States. I first examine the symbolic meaning of Obama's election to black and white citizens. Second, I analyze how racism has influenced whites' political behavior and policy preferences. Next, I examine how President Obama has influenced public policy. Then, I suggest that the toxic political climate surrounding Obama is just another installment of a saga in which rapid social change is met with anxiety and anger by some whites who perceive their way of life as being under threat. Finally, I illustrate how the “Obama effect” combines with the perceived “Latino threat” to affect whites' political behavior.","PeriodicalId":51353,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Sociology","volume":"14 1","pages":"217-230"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81650825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 46
China's Great Migration and the Prospects of a More Integrated Society 中国的大迁徙与更融合社会的前景
IF 10.5 1区 社会学
Annual Review of Sociology Pub Date : 2016-08-01 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-SOC-081715-074435
Zai Liang
{"title":"China's Great Migration and the Prospects of a More Integrated Society","authors":"Zai Liang","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-SOC-081715-074435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-SOC-081715-074435","url":null,"abstract":"During the last three decades, China has experienced the largest migration in human history. China's great migration has had transformative social, economic, and demographic consequences for China and the world. In this review, first I provide background on China's household registration system (hukou), which has been in existence since the late 1950s and continues to affect the life chances of Chinese people. Then I focus on the great migration by discussing research that has examined its causes, migration trends, the adaptation/assimilation of migrants in urban China, the well-being of migrant children, and migration's impact on rural China. Finally, I identify key areas for future research and argue that China's great migration holds major promise to contribute to the literature on migration studies.","PeriodicalId":51353,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Sociology","volume":"32 1","pages":"451-471"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83034422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 106
The Sociology of Urban Black America 美国城市黑人社会学
IF 10.5 1区 社会学
Annual Review of Sociology Pub Date : 2016-08-01 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-SOC-081715-074356
M. Hunter, Zandria F. Robinson
{"title":"The Sociology of Urban Black America","authors":"M. Hunter, Zandria F. Robinson","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-SOC-081715-074356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-SOC-081715-074356","url":null,"abstract":"Beginning with W.E.B. Du Bois's The Philadelphia Negro and Ida B. Wells's Southern Horrors, this review revisits and examines sociological research on urban Black Americans from the late nineteenth century to the present. Focusing on the approaches, frameworks, and sociological insights that emerged over this period, we examine this scholarship within two broad frames: the deficit frame and the asset frame. The deficit frame includes scholarship emphasizing both the structures that negatively affect Black urban life (e.g., disappearance of work, residential segregation, poor education, urban poverty) and the cultural “deficits” that either are adaptations to those structural realities or (as some deficit scholars argue) are the cause of urban Black hardships. The asset frame includes scholarship focusing on the agency and cultural contributions of urban Black Americans. Detailing the historical origins and contemporary use of these frames, we demonstrate how the sociology of urban Black America remains a ...","PeriodicalId":51353,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Sociology","volume":"35 1","pages":"385-405"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74611006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 38
Association, Service, Market: Higher Education in American Political Development 协会、服务、市场:美国政治发展中的高等教育
IF 10.5 1区 社会学
Annual Review of Sociology Pub Date : 2016-08-01 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-SOC-081715-074240
M. Stevens, Ben Gebre-Medhin
{"title":"Association, Service, Market: Higher Education in American Political Development","authors":"M. Stevens, Ben Gebre-Medhin","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-SOC-081715-074240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-SOC-081715-074240","url":null,"abstract":"US higher education has enjoyed growing attention from social scientists and historians. We integrate recent scholarship by framing a political and historical sociology of the sector. We show how higher education has been central to projects of nation building and social provision throughout the course of American political development. US higher education has three institutional configurations: an associational one, defined by voluntary intermural organizations; a national service one, defined by massive government patronage; and a market one, defined by competition for students, patrons, and prestige. Continuity and change over time may be understood with the theoretical tools of historical sociology: path dependence, coalescence, and robust action. Our review substantiates assertions of deep turbulence in US higher education at present and calls for a closer integration of scholarship on state building and social stratification to inform the future. [Erratum]","PeriodicalId":51353,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Sociology","volume":"96 1","pages":"121-142"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90275960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 37
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