Conservation Science and Practice最新文献

{"title":"A landscape conservation perspective of state Species of Greatest Conservation Need","authors":"Healy Hamilton,&nbsp;Giovanni Rapacciuolo,&nbsp;John Kanter,&nbsp;D. Todd Jones-Farrand,&nbsp;Bruce E. Young","doi":"10.1111/csp2.13223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13223","url":null,"abstract":"<p>State Wildlife Action Plans (SWAPs), including lists of Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN), outline state strategies for protecting species and habitats in the United States. In developing the current, second revision SWAPs, states are increasingly pursuing coordinated landscape conservation approaches. Analyzing SGCN lists in the first revision SWAPs, we found evidence that they already support multistate conservation. Most states address a common set of vertebrate and invertebrate groups, include most of the imperiled species from these groups, do not prioritize endemics over non-endemics, and often include most imperiled species that are shared with neighboring states. Also, a regional SGCN coordination effort was successful. Although 65% of animals on each SGCN list were assessed as at elevated risk of extirpation by state authorities, only 43% of the combined national list were at elevated risk of global extinction. Over 40% of the combined animal SGCNs are considered globally apparently secure. Plants, snails, freshwater shrimps, and freshwater insects were poorly represented in SGCN lists. For the current SWAP revisions, we recommend improving foundational data on taxonomy, range-wide distribution, and conservation status; expanded taxonomic coverage in SGCN lists; supporting existing and establishing new interstate initiatives; and diversifying funding mechanisms that target regional cooperation.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"6 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.13223","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential of roadside verges as insect habitat: Road salt has few effects on monarch butterfly performance and migration","authors":"Amanda K. Hund,&nbsp;Timothy S. Mitchell,&nbsp;M. Isabel Ramίrez,&nbsp;Amod Zambre,&nbsp;Lili Hagg,&nbsp;Anne Stene,&nbsp;Karilyn Porter,&nbsp;Adrian Carper,&nbsp;Lauren Agnew,&nbsp;Alexander M. Shephard,&nbsp;Megan E. Kobiela,&nbsp;Karen S. Oberhauser,&nbsp;Orley R. Taylor,&nbsp;Emilie C. Snell-Rood","doi":"10.1111/csp2.13229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13229","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Roadside habitat has been touted as a conservation opportunity for insect pollinators, including the declining monarch butterfly. The spectacular monarch migration is under threat from the loss of habitat and the decline of their milkweed host plants. In the northern part of their range, roadsides could potentially produce millions of monarchs annually due to high densities of milkweed; however, roadside milkweed can accumulate chemicals from roads, such as sodium from road salt. Controlled lab studies have shown mixed effects of sodium on monarch development: small increases can be beneficial as sodium is an important micronutrient in brain and muscle development, but large increases can sometimes decrease survival. It is unclear how dietary sodium affects performance in ecologically relevant conditions and the migration itself. In this experiment, we raised monarchs outdoors, in migration-inducing conditions, on milkweed sprayed with three levels of sodium chloride. We released 2464 tagged monarchs and held an additional 246 for further lab assays. While our recovery rates to the wintering grounds were low (<i>N</i> = 7 individuals), individuals from all three sodium chloride treatments made it to Mexico. Butterflies reared on control milkweed and low salt concentrated sodium in their tissues, while those on high salt diets excreted sodium, suggesting high salt levels were above a physiological optimum. There were no effects of treatment on wing coloration, survival, body size, immunity, or parasite prevalence. Taken together, our results suggest that monarchs are robust to levels of sodium in milkweeds found along roadsides, which is promising with respect to the toxicity of roadside plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"6 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.13229","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marine spatial planning for socio-ecological management of animal-associated microbiomes","authors":"Kathrin Busch,&nbsp;Gary Pardy,&nbsp;Marty King,&nbsp;Camille Lirette,&nbsp;Francisco Javier Murillo,&nbsp;Ellen Kenchington","doi":"10.1111/csp2.13153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13153","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biodiversity changes and habitat shifts are two phenomena substantially reshaping marine life on our present and future planet. Although those phenomena are well recognized on the macrobial level, they currently do not receive similar attention on the microbial level. Generally, microbiome diversity and function, associated with and governing the health and fitness of their host organisms, are neglected in conservation efforts. This is especially problematic as previous research has highlighted that host-associated microbes (microbiomes) may display distribution patterns that are not only correlated with host animal biogeographies but also with other factors such as prevailing environmental conditions. Here, marine spatial planning for socio-ecological management of animal-associated microbiomes is discussed, using deep-sea sponge and coral-associated microbiomes as an example of how to incorporate microbial diversity into conservation planning. We advocate for a holistic and integrative approach to marine spatial planning that incorporates the larger habitat, the host, the microbiome, as well as the socio-economic and cultural perspective, throughout the whole decision-making process. A general workflow containing the needed steps to establish microbiome-integrated marine protected areas is presented, as well as the analytical steps and results underlying the implementation of the world's first microbiome-considered marine conservation network on the Scotian Shelf off eastern Canada.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"6 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.13153","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expert engagement in setting a climate adaptation research agenda","authors":"Sarah Skikne,&nbsp;Jessica Hellmann","doi":"10.1111/csp2.13227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13227","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In order to initiate the actionable science needed to support effective conservation under climate change, we engaged researchers and other experts in refining and prioritizing a climate adaptation research agenda that was originally developed via dialogue with natural resource managers. Experts identified topics that were missing or underrepresented in an initial practitioner-defined list of science topics, and then scored topics according to the state of knowledge, the feasibility of research, and the potential that research might change management. Our process capitalizes on the complementarity between the expertise of practitioners and the expertise of researchers and other non-practitioners, improves the transparency and legitimacy of the agenda-setting process, and reveals the challenges public agencies have in focusing on some research topics.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"6 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.13227","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing and delivering climate training for natural resource managers: Increasing climate literacy and action through education and engagement","authors":"Emma L. Kuster,&nbsp;Christine D. Miller Hesed","doi":"10.1111/csp2.13226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13226","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Responding to climate impacts and expanding adaptation efforts necessitates getting the right knowledge and tools in the hands of land managers and decision-makers. In 2022–2023, several regional US Geological Survey Climate Adaptation Science Centers partnered with the US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) Science Applications Program on the first targeted climate training series designed for the FWS Grassland Ecosystem Team. This training spanned multiple months and formats with self-paced virtual lessons, webinars, and an in-person workshop. As the FWS Grassland Ecosystem Team is tasked with conservation planning for grassland birds and other species, the focus of the workshop was an interactive collaborative activity incorporating species adaptive capacity assessments, future climate projections, and adaptation menus into the decision-making process. Herein, we describe the methods used to design and deliver the training series, as well as lessons learned for future climate literacy programs aimed at natural resource managers.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"6 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.13226","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effectiveness of interventions to manage international wildlife trade","authors":"Siri L. A. Öckerman,&nbsp;Samantha H. Cheng,&nbsp;Jake E. Bicknell,&nbsp;Janine E. Robinson","doi":"10.1111/csp2.13205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13205","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A range of interventions have been established to manage international wildlife trade and protect traded species; however, there is little consensus as to whether, when, and how they are effective. Here, through a comprehensive, systematic review of &gt;8000 articles, we appraise the evidence for the effectiveness of interventions on conservation, biological, and/or socio-economic outcomes. Our systematic review examined four intervention types: “laws and regulations”, “detection and enforcement”, “efforts to reduce threats to species”, and “support local livelihoods”. We find that while laws and regulations were most well-studied, with some reported positive outcomes, over half of articles reported unintended consequences including shifting exploitation and trade routes, increased illegal trade, and socio-economic trade-offs. Detection and enforcement efforts appeared effective in protecting target species but limited for high-value species especially when combined with low reproductive rates. Efforts to reduce threats to species (particularly through area protection) had positive biological impacts, but some socio-economic trade-offs were reported. Evidence on community-based approaches was limited but our review indicated positive synergies occurring between conservation and socio-economic outcomes. Overall, socio-economic outcomes were underrepresented, limiting understanding of potentially important socio-ecological feedbacks. This review furthers understanding of relevant conditions, risks and enabling factors around effectiveness of wildlife trade interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"6 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.13205","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring change: A Behavior-Centered Theory of Change for effective demand reduction interventions","authors":"Ada Sánchez-Mercado,&nbsp;Lisandro Moran,&nbsp;María Daniela Pineda,&nbsp;Arlene Cardozo-Urdaneta,&nbsp;Jon Paul Rodríguez","doi":"10.1111/csp2.13222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13222","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Behavior change campaigns are crucial in combatting illegal wildlife trade (IWT) by reducing demand, but assessing their impact requires robust strategies. The Behavior-Centered Theory of Change (BC-ToC) integrates Theory of Change frameworks with decision-making models to design and evaluate interventions using behavioral and progress indicators. We used BC-ToC to design two behavioral change interventions aimed at reducing demand for two threatened Venezuelan bird species: the Yellow-shouldered Amazon (YSA) and the Red Siskin (RS). We developed workshops to engage community organizations and conservationists to identify audience groups, evaluate alternative behaviors considering impact and benefits, and define behavior-based indicators for monitoring change. For YSA, two audience groups with similar demand motivations emerged: “common folks” (women, 20–70 yo, low education) and “young professionals” (20–30 yo, educated). Enjoying parrots through outdoor activities emerged as an alternative. For RS, the main audience segments were the breeder groups “South American node” (Venezuelan and Brazilian) and “Iberian node” (Spaniels and Portuguese). Iberian with wider age range (30–60 yo) and greater education than South American. Adopting responsible sourcing practices surfaced as the alternative behavior. We described behavioral levers, intermediary outputs, and indicators reflecting changes in knowledge, attitudes, norms, and control. We discussed challenges for adoption, emphasizing systemic barriers and the role of regulations, and provided ground-tailored strategies for effective behavioral interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"6 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.13222","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seabirds and climate change in North-West Europe: Identifying opportunities for an effective and efficient conservation response","authors":"Nigel G. Taylor,&nbsp;Henry Häkkinen,&nbsp;James R. A. Butler,&nbsp;Silviu O. Petrovan,&nbsp;William J. Sutherland,&nbsp;Nathalie Pettorelli","doi":"10.1111/csp2.13219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13219","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate change poses a massive and growing threat to wildlife. Calls are growing for coordinated and collaborative responses to conserve species threatened by climate change, but how this works in practice remains largely unexplored. Focusing on seabirds in North-West Europe, we carried out 32 semi-structured stakeholder interviews to (1) explore existing conservation work linked to climate change, (2) identify barriers to work on climate change among conservation actors, and (3) identify key conservation actors and characterize their interactions. Interviewees identified a range of research, policy, and practical conservation work for seabirds related—directly or indirectly—to climate change. They highlighted the importance of general conservation work to facilitate seabird adaptation to climate change, and global mitigation of climate change (e.g., through decarbonization and ecosystem restoration). Interviewees identified several barriers to conservation work explicitly addressing climate change, pertaining to information, leadership, resources, and values/beliefs. We discovered that seabird conservation networks are generally well-established and harmonious, but not tension-free. There are also some misunderstandings over actor responsibilities that could lead to bystander effects. We present suggestions to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of seabird conservation in response to climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"6 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.13219","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence of a twofold ecological trap driven by agricultural change causing a priority farmland bird population crash","authors":"João Gameiro,&nbsp;Ana Teresa Marques,&nbsp;Luís Venâncio,&nbsp;Francesco Valerio,&nbsp;Carlos Pacheco,&nbsp;Américo Guedes,&nbsp;José Pereira,&nbsp;Luís Ribeiro,&nbsp;Francisco Moreira,&nbsp;Pedro Beja,&nbsp;Beatriz Arroyo,&nbsp;João Paulo Silva","doi":"10.1111/csp2.13168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13168","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Extensive farmland in Europe hosts high biodiversity levels but is threatened by land use changes associated with market and agricultural policy drivers. We show that a nationwide replacement of rainfed cereals in favor of beef production in Portugal has coincided with a nearly 80% decline in the population of a ground-nesting raptor, the Montagu's harrier <i>Circus pygargus</i>, since 2002. Reduced cereal crop cover led to nesting attempts occurring mostly in fodder crops, the predominant habitat with suitable sward structure at the onset of breeding. This results in a twofold ecological trap: early hay harvesting destroys first nesting attempts, whereas late cereal harvesting destroys replacement clutches. This double phenological mismatch prevents any breeding success and likely explains the country's observed population decline of Montagu's harriers and other key farmland birds. Reforming current agroenvironmental schemes to promote practices compatible with wild population phenology is paramount to revert these changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"6 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.13168","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The war in Ukraine is changing plausible future socioeconomic scenarios leading to an unexplored outlook for biodiversity","authors":"Claire Vincent,&nbsp;Andrea Cristiano,&nbsp;Ivon Cuadros-Casanova,&nbsp;Michela Pacifici,&nbsp;Carmen D. Soria,&nbsp;Lisa Tedeschi,&nbsp;Milena Beekmann,&nbsp;Alessandra D'alessio,&nbsp;Pablo M. Lucas,&nbsp;Dario Nania,&nbsp;Carlo Rondinini","doi":"10.1111/csp2.13056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13056","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Shared socioeconomic pathways are a key tool in predicting biodiversity scenarios and in the subsequent design of environmental policies. Here, we discuss how recent policy changes to global trade routes, agriculture, and energy production in response to the war in Ukraine are impacting socioeconomic scenarios used to set and assess biodiversity targets. We also discuss how the disruption to the global geopolitical landscape provides a window of opportunity for policy reform and the radical societal paradigm shift that is needed to tackle the global biodiversity crisis. We call for the re-evaluation of biodiversity targets with newly developed scenarios that reflect the changes made to production and consumption patterns. We also recommend establishing national biodiversity working groups to screen proposed policies for their potential risks to the drivers of biodiversity change, since policy decisions made in response to the war that seemingly are far removed from the environment can have lasting impacts on nature.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"6 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.13056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142275081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}