Conservation Science and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Relative detectability of Canadian plant species at risk in field surveys","authors":"Margaret B. Hanna,&nbsp;Ana Hernandez Martinez De La Riva,&nbsp;Audrey C. Gilmour,&nbsp;Joseph R. Bennett","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70306","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accurate species detection is necessary for correct population estimates and species range assessments. Plant species at risk of extinction are particularly under-studied with respect to detectability. To help improve detection efforts for Canadian plant species at risk of extinction, we created a database ranking 199 Canadian at-risk vascular plants by relative detectability based on growth form, life cycle, habitat type, and flower color. The species ranked most detectable, based on our assumptions, were usually perennial and had a highly conspicuous flower color. All tree and shrub species ranked highly for detectability, while forbs varied considerably in their detectability ranking. Of the species living in open habitats, 68% scored in the top six ranks (out of 14 total ranks) while 75% of species living in closed habitats scored in the bottom three ranks. This research can help account for imperfect detection rates in future plant distribution studies and inform monitoring and management priorities.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70306","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148203037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Duck Tales: Spatio-temporal dynamics of habitat use and prey relationships of a diving duck and its implication for conservation management","authors":"Kasper J. Meijer,&nbsp;Oscar Franken,&nbsp;Allert Imre Bijleveld,&nbsp;Mennobart van Eerden,&nbsp;Tjisse van der Heide,&nbsp;Laura L. Govers,&nbsp;Han Olff","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70305","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Migratory animals often follow predictable spatiotemporal distributions based on local conditions or resource availability. However, this predictability is frequently not considered in the design of protected areas, resulting in poor alignment between core habitats for migrants and protection measures. This limited overlap hinders the effective protection of threatened migratory species. The common eider (hereafter eider) is a flagship species of the Natura 2000 goals for the Dutch Wadden Sea. However, no specific conservation measures benefitting eiders are in place. We use long-term spatial data (1993–2023) to model spatiotemporal hotspots of wintering eiders and compare these with the distribution of their preferred prey based on two extensive spatially explicit benthic monitoring programs. We then assess the overlap between the spatiotemporal hotspots and existing general protection measures. Eiders consistently aggregated in small areas (1% of the study area has been a hotspot for over 80% of the study period) and were closely tied to places with high biomass of preferred benthic prey (<i>Mytilus edulis</i> and <i>Ensis leei</i>). However, eider hotspots spatially overlapped poorly with current general protection measures. None of the eider hotspots that re-occur for 80% of the study period are covered by marine protected areas, while dropping this threshold to 20% re-occurrence yields that only 8% are protected. We present a general method to delineate key areas for migratory animals to inform a more adaptive and effective area-based conservation strategy that aligns better with the ecological requirements of target species. Applying this method, we find that key areas for eiders in the Dutch Wadden Sea are not well protected despite this being a flagship species for the ecosystem. Our results suggest expanding marine protected areas to the ecologically most valuable zones.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70305","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148203004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing the understanding of the human dimensions of Eurasian lynx reintroduction in Scotland","authors":"Faye L. Whiley,&nbsp;Daniel J. Ingram,&nbsp;Robert D. Fish,&nbsp;Douglas C. MacMillan,&nbsp;Joseph Tzanopoulos","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70312","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding the factors shaping human perceptions on a species reintroduction can facilitate project success and foster human–wildlife coexistence. Eurasian lynx <i>Lynx lynx</i> has been proposed as a candidate for reintroduction in Scotland, after having gone extinct in Britain. To identify perceived impacts of a lynx reintroduction among stakeholders and to explore factors shaping these perceptions, we conducted 34 unstructured interviews with stakeholders within and in potentially suitable habitat for a lynx reintroduction and surrounding areas in Scotland. We adopted an interpretative, grounded theory approach and identified themes from the interview data. The same perceived impacts were framed to both oppose and support a lynx reintroduction, which typically reflected pre-existing tensions between stakeholders and indicated opinion and affective polarization. A combination of individual experiences, human–human relationships, and human–wildlife relationships was pivotal in shaping perceptions. With these insights, conflict mitigation mechanisms can be developed before initiating a conservation project, such as the reintroduction of a species. We suggest that as a first step in a conservation project, relationships are built with stakeholders and immediately seeking to change opinions should be avoided, which can be counterproductive.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70312","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148203038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large landscape conservation partnerships: A social network analysis of the Appalachian Trail landscape","authors":"Sammie L. Powers,&nbsp;Hung-Ling (Stella) Liu,&nbsp;Ellen B. Drogin Rodgers,&nbsp;Nate Trauntvein,&nbsp;Elizabeth Covelli Metcalf","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70317","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Effective large landscape conservation in the Appalachian Trail Landscape (ATL) requires coordination among diverse stakeholders, yet the structure of existing partnerships remains poorly understood. Using social network analysis, we examined the ATL conservation network and assessed how organizational characteristics shape structure and centrality. Focusing on Virginia and Pennsylvania, we surveyed organizations whose authority, expertise, activities, or interests intersect directly with conservation, stewardship, or outdoor recreation. Analyses included core-periphery modeling and comparisons of core-periphery membership, centrality, and Appalachian Trail Conservancy (ATC) partnerships by organizational characteristics. Findings indicated a large, low-density network with a modest core-periphery pattern and sizeable core. Natural resource agencies and conservation non-profits were most central by degree and betweenness, and outdoor recreation/stewardship organizations by closeness. Non-conservation/non-outdoor recreation organizations were less central and more likely to occupy peripheral positions. Centrality did not differ by sector; degree centrality increased with organizational scale. ATC partnerships were most common with natural resource agencies and outdoor recreation/stewardship organizations, regardless of sector or scale. Strategies for enhancing ATL conservation include strategically strengthening connections among peripheral organizations; leveraging capacities of high centrality actors for convening and brokering (natural resource agencies, conservation non-profits) and efficiently diffusing information (outdoor recreation/stewardship); and expanding engagement with non-traditional conservation stakeholders.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70317","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148203098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodiversity conservation through land sparing or sharing: A review","authors":"Sugjit S. Padda,&nbsp;Bradley J. Cardinale","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70298","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The expansion of agriculture to meet global food demands presents a major challenge for biodiversity conservation. Two strategies—land sparing and land sharing (LSLS)—have been proposed to balance agricultural growth with biodiversity conservation. Land sparing separates intensive agriculture from large natural areas, while land sharing integrates biodiversity within less intensively farmed landscapes. However, conclusions about their effectiveness vary widely depending on definitions, study types, spatial scales, habitat types, and taxa. This review examines how these factors shape conclusions about optimal land use configurations. Across 96 papers, we identified 7 definitions for land sharing and 5 for land sparing, many of which were qualitative, subjective, and likely to have different impacts on biodiversity. Study type significantly influenced conclusions (χ² = 12.75, <i>p</i> = .04), with empirical, modeling, and review studies often disagreeing. Studies using a single spatial scale more often recommended sparing (42%), whereas multi-scale studies favored combining sparing and sharing (67%). Most LSLS research has focused on forest ecosystems and birds, leaving many taxa and habitats understudied. Early LSLS studies often reached different conclusions than those of non-pioneer researchers. Overall, our findings reveal persistent uncertainty in LSLS outcomes due to variation in definitions, methods, and ecological focus.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70298","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148203108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservation planning in the Weddell Sea (Antarctica): A comparative analysis of decision-support tools","authors":"Katharina Teschke,&nbsp;Rebecca Konijnenberg,&nbsp;Flavia Carolina Bellotto Trigo","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70311","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Intense human activities negatively impact marine ecosystems, creating an urgent need for effective strategies to safeguard marine biodiversity and ecosystem services. Systematic conservation planning has become a key approach to identify priority areas and design management measures. The Marxan software, based on simulated annealing (SA) algorithms, is widely used in this context. However, recent advances in integer linear programming (ILP), as implemented in the prioritizr R package, offer a promising alternative with improved optimization performance and solution quality. In this study, we compare prioritization solutions generated using SA (Marxan) and ILP (prioritizr) for the Weddell Sea Marine Protected Area Phase 1 (WSMPA P1), one of four Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) currently proposed and under negotiation by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). The planning area includes 57,077 hexagonal planning units (PUs) covering almost 3 million km² and 54 conservation features, alongside a cost metric reflecting potential Antarctic toothfish fisheries interests. Three conservation target scenarios–minimum, mixed, and medium–were evaluated to assess the performance of both approaches. Our results show that both methods identify largely overlapping priority areas. However, ILP solutions consistently exhibit less spatial fragmentation, smaller total area and lower costs, resulting in more compact and cost-efficient reserve designs without extensive parameter calibration. Computational times were comparable for the minimum and mixed target scenarios; for the medium scenario, prioritizr required moderately more processing time. These findings highlight the benefits of ILP for systematic conservation planning, particularly in real-world contexts where time for scenario calibration is often limited during stakeholder consultations and political negotiations. Our study suggests ILP-based methods as a valuable alternative to SA for the WSMPA P1 planning process, thereby strengthening the scientific foundation for effective marine conservation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70311","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148203119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trait-based approaches and national biodiversity conservation","authors":"Manichanh Satdichanh,&nbsp;Rebecca Ostertag,&nbsp;Kasey E. Barton","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70303","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biodiversity encompasses species diversity, functional diversity, genetic diversity, and phylogenetic diversity, which are outcomes of evolutionary and ecological processes. These biodiversity components play an important role in shaping ecosystem function and stability in distinct ways. National and international conservation programs have typically considered species diversity, while other dimensions of biodiversity are often <i>neglected</i> in conservation policy. In 2010, the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) established the global Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020 and Aichi Biodiversity Targets, which aim to halt biodiversity loss, enhancing ecosystem conservation and restoration. To deliver these global strategies and targets, CBD member countries have subsequently developed and implemented national biodiversity conservation action plans. Here, we investigated the use of functional trait-based approaches in conservation policy at the national level to meet the Aichi Biodiversity Targets. Trait-based approaches promote functional diversity within communities, supporting ecosystem services and human health and well-being. We accessed the 5th and 6th National Reports submitted to the CBD over the last 11 years. We found that 26% of the countries incorporate trait-based approaches in their 5th National Reports, and 33% incorporate trait-based approaches in the 6th National Reports, highlighting widespread failure to consider functional diversity in decision making. We advocate for a greater focus on functional diversity in conservation policies for better conservation outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70303","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148203035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Living on the edge: How do tiger rattlesnakes (Crotalus tigris) navigate a residential golf course development?","authors":"Max Dolton Jones,&nbsp;Samantha Nicole Smith,&nbsp;Roy C. Averill-Murray,&nbsp;Matt Goode","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70313","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Outdoor recreation and the infrastructure that supports it can impose a wide range of effects on wildlife, and impacts can vary in their severity based on taxa, the surrounding landscape matrix, and the manner in which recreational spaces are managed. Previous research has suggested that golf courses can provide important resources for wildlife while also contributing to negative human–wildlife interactions, creating an interesting ecological paradox. We set out to investigate how tiger rattlesnakes (<i>Crotalus tigris</i>) respond to landscape changes due to increasing infrastructure around a golf course in an arid system. Using a long-term telemetry dataset on 67 individuals, we used dynamic Brownian Bridge Movement Models (dBBMMs) and resource selection functions to identify changes in space-use and habitat association in relation to anthropogenic pressures (i.e., golf courses, roads, and houses). Our results were mixed, but we found that tiger rattlesnakes selected for areas near to golf courses and natural areas across all development stages at the population level. In addition, the dBBMMs indicated apparent trajectories that circumnavigated golf courses throughout the landscape, further supporting the paradoxical impact of golf courses. These results suggest that tiger rattlesnakes in a largely modified area are able to persist by restricting their movements and space-use and selecting edge areas adjacent to golf courses (i.e., rough areas) that may provide resources such as prey, shelter, and water. Our study may prove useful to landscape managers by identifying where conservation-based measures could be targeted.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70313","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148202993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the impact of environmental education and outreach on citizen science reports of an endangered neotropical raptor","authors":"Diego Gallego-García,&nbsp;José Hernán Sarasola","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70283","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the current context of biodiversity loss, scientists face a research–implementation gap which hinders the effectiveness of conservation measures. Environmental education and citizen science allow for an increased awareness of the general public and a subsequent involvement in research and conservation activities, promoting the discovery of threatened and/or elusive species. Yet, few studies have evaluated the impact of environmental education on citizen science outcomes. We performed a qualitative and quantitative assessment of environmental education and outreach as a tool for gathering citizen science data of the endangered and rare Chaco eagle (<i>Buteogallus coronatus</i>). Then, we examined the spatial and temporal scale of species' field sightings and posterior report via citizen science, related to the places and the time when we performed the activities, and analyzed the effects of sociodemographic variables (population size and type of occupation) on the number, the distances, and the times elapsed between the activities and the reports. In 1 year, citizen science sightings reported due to the environmental education campaign doubled those of the last 10 years combined, helping us to discover 10 nests where only one had been found in the last decades. Most sightings occurred in the first dozens of kilometers and in the first months from (and after) the activity location (and time) and decreased thereafter. Sightings were mainly reported by people attending talks at elementary schools, meetings with producers, and in-person interviews. Landowners, rural workers, photographers, and naturalists were the job guilds reporting more sightings. Environmental education activities at less-populated villages yielded more sightings per attendee, although in bigger towns a few people reported a large proportion of the sightings. Any environmental education campaign aimed at collecting citizen science data on rare species of conservation interest should be carefully planned in terms of spatiotemporal extent, focus groups, and activity types or approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70283","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148203069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship-building sometimes helps and sometimes hinders the spread of conservation initiatives","authors":"Rebecca Veiga Nascimento,&nbsp;Thomas M. Neeson","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70310","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The spread of conservation initiatives often depends on patterns of social interactions among conservation actors. With this in mind, conservation practitioners often invest in social networking and outreach, under the assumption that the creation of new relationships will enhance the spread of conservation programs. Here, we test this assumption by modeling the diffusion of a conservation practice across two social networks of conservation actors. For two common models of information spread (the independent cascade and linear threshold models), we investigated whether and how the addition of new social relationships (i.e., network edges) altered the spread of conservation initiatives across the networks. Our results show that adding network connections is sometimes beneficial and sometimes counterproductive. Under the independent cascade model, increased connectivity generally facilitated broader adoption, particularly when actors were receptive to new practices. In some cases, adoption grew by more than 25% simply through the addition of new social relationships among actors. In contrast, under the linear threshold model, additional connections often hindered information diffusion. Given the dramatic differences in outcomes between linear threshold and independent cascade models, future work should determine which of these models better describes conservation networks. A key practical insight for conservation practitioners is that establishing a core group of early adopters (i.e., a larger number of initially active nodes) promotes overall adoption rates. Our results overall underscore the need for strategies to effectively allocate resources, design outreach strategies, and foster collaborative relationships that maximize the adoption of conservation initiatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70310","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148203110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}