Conservation Science and Practice最新文献

{"title":"A before after control impact experiment on a historically fished seagrass (Zostera marina) bed","authors":"Patricia Breen,&nbsp;Macdara Ó Cuaig,&nbsp;Fergal Guilfoyle,&nbsp;Colin Hannon,&nbsp;Oliver Tully","doi":"10.1111/csp2.13218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13218","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Seagrasses are considered to be globally important for carbon sequestration and they provide a range of ecosystem services. However, they are also known to be vulnerable to various anthropogenic activities, not least bottom contacting fishing gears such as dredging and potting. We set out to test the effects of dredge fishing, in early spring and potting in late summer, in a historically fished but considered “pristine” seagrass meadow on the west coast of Ireland. We found that despite dredging and potting pressures, growth of seagrasses was driven by seasonal changes in light and temperature and that neither fishing activity had any effect on rhizome weight or shoot or blade densities during the growing season. We hypothesize that it is possible for fishing to co-occur with seagrass if fishing activities are restricted to winter or early spring, before the main seagrass growing season, and/or if particular types of gear, such as the traditional gears described here are used. High levels of dredging and potting had positive increases in the count of both sessile and mobile epifauna suggesting that for mobile species at least, they may take advantage of post-fishing scavenging opportunities.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"6 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.13218","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A genomic framework to assist conservation breeding and translocation success: A case study of a critically endangered turtle","authors":"Holly V. Nelson,&nbsp;Katherine A. Farquharson,&nbsp;Arthur Georges,&nbsp;Elspeth A. McLennan,&nbsp;Jane L. DeGabriel,&nbsp;Melissa Giese,&nbsp;Christopher Ormond,&nbsp;Michael McFadden,&nbsp;Adam Skidmore,&nbsp;Jarrad Prangell,&nbsp;Katherine Belov,&nbsp;Carolyn J. Hogg","doi":"10.1111/csp2.13204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13204","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Conservation breeding programs are an effective approach to addressing biodiversity loss. Captive populations are managed to maintain genetic diversity, yet there remains an “implementation gap” in effectively translating molecular genetic data into management. Technological advancements are facilitating rapid generation of genetic data, increasing accessibility for breeding programs. In 2010, Frankham and colleagues proposed a six-stage process for establishing successful conservation breeding and release programs. Here, we describe the conservation breeding program for the critically endangered Bellinger River turtle (<i>Myuchelys georgesi</i>) and characterize the value of genetic sampling for informing management actions. By generating a chromosome-level genome and population genetic data, we investigated past and present diversity and assessed relatedness among captive founders. We present a framework modeled on Frankham and colleagues six stages to assist managers in implementing genetic data into actionable conservation strategies. This framework, and worked case study, for managers aims to better guide implementation of genetic approaches into conservation breeding programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"6 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.13204","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marshaling science to advance large landscape conservation","authors":"Joshua H. Daskin,&nbsp;Angeline Meeks,&nbsp;Vivienne L. Sclater,&nbsp;Julie M. Sorfleet,&nbsp;Jon Oetting,&nbsp;Thomas S. Hoctor,&nbsp;Joseph M. Guthrie,&nbsp;Hilary M. Swain","doi":"10.1111/csp2.13225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13225","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Applying science to conservation requires deliberate planning and action infrequently taught in academic settings. To illustrate impactful analysis and science communication, we describe scientific activities targeting the needs of land trusts, NGOs, landowners, and government agencies working to conserve the Florida Wildlife Corridor (“Corridor”). This 7.2 million hectare area is prioritized for habitat connectivity conservation in the US state of Florida. Our activities are built on decades of science guiding Florida land conservation. We quantified threats (e.g., average of over 14,000 ha of development/year from 2001 to 2019) and socio-ecological benefits of Corridor conservation, prioritized yet-to-be-conserved Corridor areas, produced and shared a new statewide connectivity model, and convened groups to identify campaign science needs. The new connectivity model—the Florida Circuit Model—supported the geography of the Corridor, as designated, and facilitates local (10 km radius, or less) conservation planning. Our efforts have contributed to allocation of over $2 billion for land conservation and the permanent protection of over 82,000 ha within the Corridor by state agencies from June 2021 to March 2024. Targeting science to outreach and policy, planning, and management decisions can motivate public, media, researcher, and government support for land conservation, improve conservation interventions, and attract research funding.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"6 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.13225","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do recently translocated black-footed Albatross (Phoebastria nigripes) chicks respond to artificial social attraction?","authors":"Daniela Casillas,&nbsp;Lindsay C. Young,&nbsp;Kristen C. Harmon,&nbsp;Chad J. Wilhite,&nbsp;Eric A. Vanderwerf,&nbsp;Melissa R. Price","doi":"10.1111/csp2.13172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13172","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Translocations of chicks are increasingly being used in seabird restoration projects, along with social attraction of adults using acoustic and visual cues, to establish new colonies or re-establish extirpated colonies. Many seabird species exhibit high rates of natal philopatry, where most chicks return to the nesting colonies from which they fledged. This makes them ideal candidates for translocation projects since they have a high likelihood of returning to translocation sites if they are relocated prior to imprinting on a natal site. Starting in 2017, Black-footed Albatross (BFAL) chicks were translocated from populations in the low-lying Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, where they face habitat loss due to sea level rise, to the higher elevation island of O‘ahu, in an attempt to establish a new colony for this species. Additionally, social attraction was utilized at the site to attract potential nesting adults and provide social stimuli for the translocated chicks. Our study examined the response of translocated BFAL chicks to visual and audio stimuli inside a mammalian predator exclusion fence at James Campbell National Wildlife Refuge on the island of O‘ahu. Decoys constructed in two different poses, representing courtship and resting postures of adult BFAL, were placed in various combinations with playback speakers around the perimeter of artificial shelters. Motion-activated cameras were used to record and compare the number of visits by chicks to different combinations of visual and acoustic stimuli. We found the number of visits was highest at setups that included a combination of a decoy pair and a playback speaker, suggesting that a combination of visual and audio cues of adult BFAL are most attractive to the chicks. Future studies are needed to evaluate the long-term impacts of exposure to artificial visual and audio stimuli as chicks on return rates to translocation site and social behavior as adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"6 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.13172","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142273288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reintroduction of spring-run Chinook salmon in the San Joaquin River: Evaluating genetic and phenotypic effects of captive breeding","authors":"Kasey C. Pregler,&nbsp;Anthony Clemento,&nbsp;Mike Grill,&nbsp;Paul Adelizi,&nbsp;Stephanie M. Carlson,&nbsp;John Carlos Garza","doi":"10.1111/csp2.13176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13176","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Captive-breeding programs are increasingly implemented to curb population declines but can have unintended negative effects on genetic diversity and phenotypes. Through an analysis of ~10 years of genetic monitoring, pedigree information, and phenotypic data, we evaluated a captive-breeding program that uses adaptive management to reduce inbreeding and improve captive broodstock performance. A captive-breeding program was established in 2012 to reintroduce spring-run Chinook salmon to the southern edge of their range in California's San Joaquin River (SJR), using fish produced each year at the nearby Feather River Hatchery (FRH). We found that the SJR program adequately captured the genetic diversity of the FRH source population and that mate pairings guided by genetic relatedness reduced inbreeding. However, the SJR broodstock reared in captivity had smaller body size at maturity in comparison to the FRH source broodstock which matures at sea, but this effect disappeared when SJR juveniles were released from captivity to mature at sea. Phenotypic traits of SJR female parents also influenced reproductive performance; older mothers and those with smaller eggs had offspring with lower survival. These findings demonstrate that adaptive genetic monitoring and pedigree information can be powerful tools for reducing risks of captive breeding and evaluating program effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"6 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.13176","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142273262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vulnerability of endemic insular mole skinks to sea-level rise","authors":"Erin L. Koen,&nbsp;William J. Barichivich,&nbsp;Susan C. Walls","doi":"10.1111/csp2.13208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13208","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although coastal islands are home to many endemic species, they are also at risk of inundation from storm surge and sea level rise. Three subspecies of mole skink (<i>Plestiodon egregius egregius</i>, <i>P. e. insularis</i>, and the Egmont Key Mole Skink known from a single occurrence) occur on a small number of islands off the Gulf Coast of Florida, USA. We used the most recent sea level rise projections and the latest storm surge simulation data to predict impacts to habitat for insular mole skinks in Florida from 2030 to 2150. Our models predicted that in &lt;100 years (by 2100; intermediate sea level rise scenario; ~1.08–1.15 m sea level rise), &gt;78% of preferred habitat for the Florida Keys Mole Skink, &gt;65% of preferred habitat for the Cedar Key Mole Skink, and &gt;36% of preferred habitat for the Egmont Key Mole Skink will be inundated from sea level rise. Storm surge from tropical cyclones presents a more immediate risk to insular mole skink habitat: our models predicted that between 58% and 75% of Florida Keys Mole Skink habitat is at risk of being submerged under an average maximum of between 0.60 (SD = 0.86) and 0.98 (SD = 0.36) m of storm surge water for a category 1 storm, and the amount of habitat predicted to be impacted increases for higher intensity storms. Our models predicted similar trends for Cedar Key and Egmont Key Mole Skink habitat. Given current sea level rise projections, our models predicted that all three subspecies could be extinct by 2140 due to habitat inundation. There remains uncertainty about how species and ecosystems will respond to sea level rise, thus research to fill these gaps could help mitigate the effects of sea level rise in areas most vulnerable to the effects of climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"6 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.13208","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142275042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What are individual-level nature amends? Rescaling biodiversity offsetting from the community members' perspective","authors":"Anna-Kaisa Tupala,&nbsp;Suvi Huttunen,&nbsp;Riikka Aro,&nbsp;Clara Lizarazo,&nbsp;Satu Tuittila","doi":"10.1111/csp2.13189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13189","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Effective solutions to biodiversity loss are multidimensional, requiring engagement from diverse stakeholders across various sectors and commitment levels. In this context, voluntary actions from community members emerge as a valuable addition to the large-scale nature conservation activities conducted by states and municipalities. Such actions complement biodiversity protection measures and legal requirements aimed at companies. This article delves into the rescaling of biodiversity offsetting to the community members level and explores it from the perspective of community members. Through workshops organized in four Finnish municipalities, participants were prompted to reflect on biodiversity offsetting in their daily lives. The results show community members' limited resources to conduct pro-biodiversity actions and highlight their diverse interpretations of the topic. Beyond direct biodiversity-enhancing action, like maintaining rural biotopes, eradicating alien species, or protecting forests, workshop participants called for indirect actions. These included education, eco-taxes, and the development of sharing economies. Thus, rather than solely focusing on biodiversity offsetting or the mitigation hierarchy, these suggestions underscore the need for diverse pro-biodiversity actions at the community member's level. Furthermore, the results highlight the need for support that enables community members and communities' work for biodiversity. Introducing the concept of <i>nature amends</i> addresses this need, enhancing the mitigation hierarchy's capacity to incorporate community members in nature conservation endeavors.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"6 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.13189","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142273225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management lessons from a long-term captive-breeding program for a critically endangered species, Leadbeater's possum, Gymnobelideus leadbeateri","authors":"Chloe Steventon,&nbsp;Leanne Wicker,&nbsp;Elizabeth Dobson,&nbsp;Alistair Legione,&nbsp;Joanne Devlin,&nbsp;Dan Harley","doi":"10.1111/csp2.13215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13215","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Leadbeater's possums (<i>Gymnobelideus leadbeateri</i>) are a critically endangered marsupial found in a restricted area of cold, wet forest in South-Eastern Australia. The majority of Leadbeater's possums inhabit highland forest, with one outlying lowland population. In 2012, a breeding program was established for the lowland Leadbeater's possums when this genetically distinct population faced imminent extinction. Successful reproduction by highland Leadbeater's possums in the international zoo-based population between 1970 and 2010 led to the widespread belief that the species bred readily in captivity. Lowland possums have not bred in the 2012–2021 contemporary captive conservation breeding program. This study reviewed the historic captive-breeding data and found that of the 84% (162/194) that reached reproductive maturity; 37% of males (<i>n</i> = 30) and 39.5% of females (<i>n</i> = 32) bred, and this success was highly skewed towards a subset of highly fecund individuals (14% of females and 15% of males produced 75% and 80% of all offspring). Although lack of reproductive output in the captive lowland animals could be explained if age at mortality was lower than that of highlands possums, comparison of the longevity of highland and lowland animals had no significant difference. Conservation objectives that specify how captive breeding may support in situ recovery of wild populations are integral to the success of captive programs. A lack of reflective analysis of past husbandry records allowed misconceptions of success and approaches implemented in the management of the breeding program, reducing the benefits for the conservation of this high profile threatened species. This case study provides a lesson for the management of conservation breeding programs and illustrates the importance of well-defined conservation objectives, integration of in situ and ex situ strategies, and the importance of objective, systematic and timely analysis of available evidence to inform management objectives and improve conservation outcomes in real time.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"6 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.13215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142273284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public perspectives on hunting mountain lions and black bears in Colorado","authors":"Benjamin Ghasemi,&nbsp;Rebecca Niemiec,&nbsp;Kevin R. Crooks","doi":"10.1111/csp2.13213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13213","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Regulated hunting of large carnivores as a management tool is a contentious topic. We report the results of two public mail-back surveys conducted using stratified random sampling to assess Colorado residents' opinions about hunting mountain lions (ML; <i>n</i> = 462) and black bears (BB; <i>n</i> = 458). After weighting the samples to be representative of state population demographics (i.e., age, gender, level of urbanization, geographical region, and hunting participation), we found that the approval of legal and regulated hunting of MLs and BBs was polarized and varied among stakeholder groups and hunting purposes. Most residents, to varying extents, disapproved of hunting for trophy (ML 77.9%; BB 85.6%), hide or fur (80.6%; 75.2%), and recreation (62.7%; 67.0%). Over three-fourths disapproved of hunting MLs with dogs (88.2%) and electronic calls (75.2%). Moreover, hierarchical regression results revealed that men, hunters, and those who identified as Republican or Republican-leaning showed more support for hunting. Also, mutualism wildlife value orientation was negatively related to hunting approval, whereas domination value orientation was positively linked. Understanding public perspectives on these issues can enable the social context of wildlife management to be considered in decision-making, thereby improving large carnivore management outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"6 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.13213","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142275041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The varying effects of benefit types on community members' views of whether they gain from wildlife","authors":"Stefan Carpenter","doi":"10.1111/csp2.13217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13217","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Community-based conservation (CBC) is a popular governance approach that asks rural populations to sustainably manage local wildlife resources. CBC programs often rely on the distribution of wildlife benefits to communities to foster tolerance of wildlife, with the idea that those benefits can offset costs arising from human-wildlife conflict. A survey of residents in four Namibian CBC areas found that different benefit types varied significantly in their relationship with whether respondents felt that wildlife improved their lives. Some higher monetary value benefits evidenced a negative and/or non-significant relationship with respondents' perceptions, whereas meat-based benefits were associated with a greater likelihood of residents feeling that they benefited from wildlife. These findings suggest that the impact of different benefit types in CBC programs may depend on a host of cultural/social, psychological, and community-specific factors. From a practical standpoint, the form of direct monetary benefits may matter, and cultural considerations likely play an important role in determining which and when specific benefits are more effective.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"6 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.13217","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142273164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}