Conservation Science and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Younger semi-captive Asian elephants constitute suitable repository for conservation translocation","authors":"Hnin Nandar,&nbsp;Li-Li Li,&nbsp;Zaw Min Oo,&nbsp;Ye Htet Lwin,&nbsp;Rui-Chang Quan","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70041","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Interdisciplinary efforts are fundamental for achieving successful conservation translocations. However, behavioral information is usually lacking to guide conservation translocations for social animals. This is particularly significant for the conservation of endangered Asian elephants. Therefore, by tracing the long-term behavioral logbook records in the southern central part of Myanmar, our study highlighted that younger semi-captive elephants (male ≤21 years old; female ≤42 years old) were identified as suitable candidates for translocations since they were more easily accepted by the wild population, with fewer fighting events and higher mingling probability. Furthermore, we recorded 136 present data combining field surveys and collection from literature, and we identified 4349.69 km² of suitable habitat in this region located around 10 km away from the villages, closer to managed forests and water. This study integrated ecological and behavioral information to support reinforcement conservation for Asian elephants in Southeast Asia, where most of the semi-captive elephants are distributed. These insights could guide more effective reinforcement projects by considering age and sex for improved success in integration. Additionally, our study emphasizes the importance of habitats near human-dominated areas, which are preferred by elephants, offering practical implications for habitat management and human-elephant conflict mitigation efforts. Further research efforts from the behavioral perspectives, such as using camera trappings or video recordings, are encouraged to facilitate social animal conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-sustaining populations are a conservation vision, not an operational objective","authors":"Stefano Canessa,&nbsp;Axel Moehrenschlager,&nbsp;John G. Ewen,&nbsp;Sarah J. Converse","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70033","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It is common for species conservation plans to identify the establishment or maintenance of a “self-sustaining population” as an objective. However, this statement vaguely conflates different formulations and interpretations of population viability, management costs, and cultural preferences for non-invasive population management. Hidden value judgments and assumptions about these components can create disagreement and conflict among partners. Thus, although a simple statement about “achieving self-sustaining populations” can be a powerful strategic vision, evoking important shared values, it will not be effective as an operational objective for conservation decision making. Best practices in decision making emphasize the importance of fundamental objectives that are clear, unambiguous, and operational. Conservation planners may be better served by replacing the self-sustaining concept with better-defined fundamental objectives using quantitative statements about viability and clearly laying out ecological, economic, and cultural values.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fishers' interactions with endangered “rhinorays” in Karimunjawa National Park, and factors influencing willingness to engage in pro-conservation behavior","authors":"Faqih Akbar Alghozali,&nbsp;Ashma Hanifah,&nbsp;Muhammad Wiralaga Dwi Gustianto,&nbsp;Maula Nadia,&nbsp;Taufiq Qur'rohman,&nbsp;Kinanti Amalia Niloperbowo,&nbsp;Diah P. Suyanto,&nbsp;Muhammad Ichsan,&nbsp;Andhika Prasetyo,&nbsp;Mahardika Rizqi Himawan,&nbsp;Hollie Booth","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The “rhinorays” (giant guitarfish-Glaucostegidae and wedgefish-Rhinidae) are a critically endangered group of “shark-like rays,” which have experienced steep global population declines in the past decade due to overfishing. Their slow life histories and high market value increase the risk of trade-driven extinction and lead to trade-offs between conservation objectives and fishers' economic objectives. As such, it is important to understand the social and ecological dimensions of risk to rhinorays to identify feasible conservation interventions. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 162 small-scale fishers in Karimunjawa National Park (KJNP), Indonesia. We collected data on fisher interactions with rhinorays, the technical and socio-economic characteristics of the fisheries, key risks to rhinorays, and potential leverage points for management, including feasible pro-conservation actions that fishers could engage in. We then constructed a linear model to identify socio-demographic predictors of fishers' stated willingness to engage in pro-conservation actions for rhinorays (specifically, willingness to release), to inform the design of future interventions. Our results indicate that socio-economic factors—fishers' perceived income contribution from catches of rhinorays and formal education levels—were significant predicators of fishers' willingness to release rhinorays. In contrast, awareness of rhinorays threat status was not a significant predictor. These findings are a first step toward understanding barriers and opportunities for engaging fishers in rhinorays conservation in KJNP. Our findings and recommendations also offer lessons learned for other marine conservation interventions at the intersection between small-scale fisheries management, marine protected areas, and marine megafauna conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Educating and empowering Australians through a digital approach to biodiversity conservation","authors":"Gareth S. Kindler,&nbsp;Nick Kelly,&nbsp;Tim Carden,&nbsp;James E. M. Watson","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite public support for conservation, Australian government policy responses have been insufficient for addressing the biodiversity crisis. This situation represents a disconnect between political decision-makers and the public. Digital interventions offer a promising tool for bridging this connection through education and political engagement at the constituency level. We present the conceptual foundations, design, and impact of Threatened Australians, a web-based application aimed at constituency-based awareness raising and facilitating political actions. Using a transdisciplinary approach, we curated nine data sets including species threats and the voting history of elected representatives to communicate the plight of 1717 species across 151 electoral districts. The app received 17,235 users across all electoral districts over a six-week period around the 2022 Australian federal election. We discuss the design intentions, impact, and lessons learned such as trade-offs in navigating data limitations and the benefits of following scientific frameworks. The app demonstrates a case study in augmenting conservation efforts with digital approaches to bridge the gap between public conservation sentiment and government policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enabling participatory monitoring and evaluation: Insights for conservation practitioners and organizations","authors":"Amanda Sigouin,&nbsp;Ana Luz Porzecanski,&nbsp;Erin Betley,&nbsp;Nadav Gazit,&nbsp;Peter Lichtenthal,&nbsp;Samantha H. Cheng,&nbsp;Pablo Pacheco,&nbsp;Shauna L. Mahajan","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70032","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mounting environmental crises and the persistent factors driving them require a reconsideration of conservation approaches. Participatory monitoring and evaluation (PME) is increasingly valued as a way for Indigenous peoples and local community actors to lead or engage in conservation activities that directly affect them. While research shows that PME can yield favorable outcomes for communities (e.g., knowledge co-production, social learning, and trust building) and for conservation, practical insights are scattered. Here we draw from the literature and discussions with professionals in the field to distill practical guidance for the design, implementation, and support of PME in conservation. This perspective highlights three themes for effective PME: navigating collaborations, working within local and diverse cultural contexts, and co-managing PME resources (including resources needed for PME and generated by PME). We recommend that practitioners and organizations, including our own, engage with these focal areas by reflecting on the purpose of PME, learning from relevant experiences, strengthening capacity for PME collaborations, and supporting PME through innovative and flexible financing. We see these actions as leverage points to promote effective PME and advance inclusive approaches to biodiversity conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of conservation easements on bird biodiversity in the Shenandoah and Piedmont regions of Virginia","authors":"Levi Van Sant,&nbsp;Amy E. M. Johnson,&nbsp;Daniel J. Read,&nbsp;Grant M. Connette,&nbsp;Erin T. Shibley","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Conservation easements—voluntary legal agreements in which a landowner forfeits some development rights in exchange for tax incentives—have become a central part of efforts to limit development in the US. Given the importance of biodiversity conservation on private lands and the rapid growth in conservation easements, they are often celebrated as a win-win scenario. However, there are also increasing questions about the ecological benefits of conservation easements. The kinds of studies necessary to better understand this issue are challenging for several reasons, and there is a special need for more field studies. We draw on a unique cooperative study of bird biodiversity on private lands conducted by Virginia Working Landscapes, a program of the Smithsonian Institution. We compared bird species abundance on private farmland protected by a conservation easement to private farmland not protected by a conservation easement. We estimated a probability of 0.90 that there was a weak positive effect of conservation easements on bird species abundance at the full community level but found no effect on a smaller subset of grassland-obligate birds. However, this relationship varied highly across bird species, with some individual species showing positive or negative associations with easements. We argue that (a) these results support recent calls to promote or mandate specific conservation practices on eased properties; (b) the limitations of publicly available data present significant challenges to assessing the ecological impacts of conservation easements; and (c) given these limitations, researchers should exercise caution when making generalized claims about the effects of conservation easements on biodiversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Governance-related conservation conflicts in a new UNESCO Man and Biosphere Reserve","authors":"Ntsu Mokhehle,&nbsp;Falko T. Buschke","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70024","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The UNESCO Man and Biosphere Programme promotes culturally appropriate and environmentally sustainable ways to improve human livelihoods. The programme's success depends on alignment between local communities and conservation authorities. In this study, we examine different sources of conservation conflict in Tšehlanyane National Park, the protected area at the core of the newly designated Matšeng Biosphere Reserve (established in 2021), the first in the landlocked Kingdom of Lesotho. Herdsmen, whose livestock used to graze the high-altitude grasslands, now face livestock confiscation and are retaliating with vandalism, arson, and poaching. Using the Nominal Group Technique, a structured group-based method to build consensus, we show that despite locals being broadly receptive to conservation, conflicts arise from governance shortcomings. Local communities acknowledged their role in the conflict through overgrazing, wildfires, encroachment, vandalism, and harvesting while raising issues from park authorities around equitable benefit-sharing, exclusion from conservation initiatives, livestock- and crop-losses caused by wildlife, and restricted human movement. These results suggest that the success of this biosphere reserve hinges on a willingness to grapple with complex issues of politics and governance while recognizing the diversity of different resource users.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The quick and the dead: Behavioral plasticity of anti-predator responses in an Endangered mammal","authors":"Natasha D. Harrison,&nbsp;Chloe H. Frick,&nbsp;Adrian F. Wayne,&nbsp;Nicola J. Mitchell,&nbsp;Leonie E. Valentine,&nbsp;Julia C. Wayne,&nbsp;Derek Sandow,&nbsp;Rob Brewster,&nbsp;Ben L. Phillips","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70028","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Populations isolated from predation inside predator-free havens often exhibit a reduction in anti-predator traits. The loss of such traits has a critical bearing on strategic conservation management, and so it is important to understand the basis of trait shift and how anti-predator traits may be retained or restored. We explored plasticity in anti-predator behaviors in an Endangered mammal, the woylie (<i>Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi</i>) at both the individual and population level. We quantified anti-predator responses in individual woylies sourced from either a predator-free haven (havened) or from an indigenous wild population (non-havened) before and after translocation to a site with low densities of introduced predators, providing the first experimental test of anti-predator responses and corresponding survival consequences in this species. Initially, the havened woylies had weak anti-predator responses (lower agitation) compared with non-havened animals. After exposure to predators, apparent survival was lower in the havened cohort compared to the non-havened cohort. Those havened individuals that did survive, however, had stronger anti-predator responses at the end of the study, approaching the level of response shown by their non-havened counterparts. This within-individual shift in behavior provides evidence for behavioral plasticity in this particular trait, suggesting that some aspects of anti-predator behavior may be regained following exposure to predators and that this behavioral flexibility can be advantageous. At the same time, evidence of lower survival in previously havened individuals indicates that fixed differences in other traits remain and likely also contribute to survival. We discuss the implications of these findings for conservation management.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term recovery and food web response of benthic macrofauna following cessation of bottom trawling in a marine protected area","authors":"Mattias Sköld,&nbsp;Mats Blomqvist,&nbsp;Clare Bradshaw,&nbsp;Patrik Börjesson,&nbsp;Peter Göransson,&nbsp;Håkan Wennhage","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70037","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The understanding of the depletion of species and communities and recovery following the reduction of pressures is fundamental in conservation biology. The impact of bottom trawl fisheries on benthic communities has been well studied, but there are few studies of the long-term recovery after the cessation of bottom trawling. Here we followed the recovery of the benthic macrofaunal community over 12 years in a large (426 km²) no-take zone (NTZ) area in the south Kattegat after demersal trawling was stopped and compared it to a nearby area where trawling continued. Using multivariate analyses, we found shifts in the community composition. Two species of burrowing brittle stars, <i>Amphiura filiformis</i> and <i>Amphiura chiajei</i>, dominated abundance and biomass and decreased in the closed area (abundance effect size <i>A. filiformis</i> 48%; <i>A. chiajei</i> 45%). In parallel, there was an increase in benthivore flatfish. Stomach contents of the dominating flatfishes matched the availability of benthic prey taxa, and brittle stars were the staple food. Food web effects thus appear to override the decrease in mortality of the dominant macrofauna caused by the cessation of trawling in the NTZ. The recovery response in the species community in the NTZ correlated with the pattern in community composition along a chronic bottom trawling intensity gradient in the same area. This indicates that the recovery of the benthic community is not random but follows a successional pattern that can also be observed in chronic states of disturbance from bottom trawling. This is important information from the perspective of management efforts to restore marine ecosystems from the impact of bottom trawl fisheries, as it indicates that reduced effort may lead to predictable recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic changes in bat activity over two decades following logging, changing climate, and a severe megafire","authors":"Bradley Law,&nbsp;Amrit Kathuria,&nbsp;Traecey Brassil","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70040","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Forests are important environments for echolocating bats and require careful management to balance timber harvesting with conservation. While there are many studies assessing the impacts of forestry on bats, few consider potential impacts over long periods. We use time series data of bat activity sampled periodically by ultrasonic detectors and traps over 22 years at the forest stand level to model management effects. Our study area was exposed to logging at two intervals, plus thinning of older regrowth and burning by a severe megafire (44 years after initial logging in 1976). Bat activity changed dynamically over the study and in relation to disturbance. The Black Summer fire of 2020 had the largest effect on bat activity, with all forest treatments supporting low activity 10 months post-fire. Prior to that, unlogged coupes supported the highest activity, and this remained relatively stable over time. Coupes of old regrowth had high stem density throughout the study and supported low activity. In contrast, the open space after recent logging of previously unlogged coupes in 1999 supported higher activity than adjacent old regrowth coupes, but lower activity than unlogged coupes. Activity in recently logged coupes decreased when dense regenerating trees dominated but subsequently increased as trees grew taller and a sub-canopy space developed. Wildfire burned the entire surrounding forest in 2020, and 10 months later, bat activity was very low. These dynamic responses highlight the importance of capturing change in communities as forest structure undergoes transformation in response to disturbance. A key implication is that activity in old regrowth coupes did not recover over the subsequent two decades and that unlogged coupes supported high activity, but these effects were less than those of the megafire. The study provides support for ongoing improvement in environmental standards in forestry over the study period, especially increased exclusion zones previously absent in 1976. Ongoing monitoring is required to assess recovery after wildfire.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}