Conservation Science and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Taking smart conservation risks: Moving species in a changing world","authors":"Jesse D'Elia,&nbsp;David Hand,&nbsp;David Leonard,&nbsp;Holly Freifeld,&nbsp;Wendy Miles,&nbsp;J. Michael Hudson,&nbsp;Jeff Burgett,&nbsp;Megan Laut,&nbsp;Kaitlyn Landfield,&nbsp;Leana Goetze,&nbsp;Mark W. Schwartz,&nbsp;Axel Moehrenschlager,&nbsp;Georgia Hart-Fredeluces,&nbsp;Melissa R. Price,&nbsp;Aviv Karasov-Olson,&nbsp;Roberta Swift,&nbsp;Bridgette Flanders,&nbsp;Alana Simmons,&nbsp;Chris Swenson,&nbsp;Paul Heimowitz","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70408","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Conservation practitioners are often faced with difficult decisions on whether or not to implement intensive interventions that carry risk and uncertainty—such as translocating species outside their indigenous range for the purpose of conservation (i.e., conservation introductions). We highlight a recently developed framework for making difficult decisions when considering conservation introductions. This framework provides essential guidance for every step in the decision process, with an emphasis on engaging experts and local communities, balancing multiple ecological and social objectives, and addressing uncertainties. It also promotes learning and adaptation, and encourages scalability tuned to the level of risk involved and the need for rapid action in emergency situations, such as imminent extinction.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70408","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149099594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards biocultural approaches to environmental education—Evidence from Madagascar","authors":"Aina Brias-Guinart,&nbsp;Álvaro Fernández-Llamazares,&nbsp;Bruno Ramamonjisoa,&nbsp;Lovasoa Razafindravony,&nbsp;Lena M. Reibelt,&nbsp;Caroline Josia Rojosoanotahina,&nbsp;Mar Cabeza","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70400","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Environmental education projects are commonly used by conservation organizations to improve the relations between humans and nature. However, these education projects often overlook local cultural realities. Biocultural approaches offer an alternative lens on the need to decolonize epistemologies to foster more inclusive, contextualized, and relational environmental education. In this research, we examine the extent to which biocultural approaches can enable, strengthen, and facilitate the decolonialisation of environmental education. To do so, we propose four themes that define biocultural approaches to environmental education: place-based learning approaches, local realities, biocultural relations, and inclusive conservation. Through this analytical framework, and drawing on questionnaires and interviews, we examine 61 non-formal environmental education projects across Madagascar. Madagascar offers a unique context due to its high levels of both biological and cultural diversity as well as its colonial legacies. Our results illustrate a diversity of learning tools and pedagogical approaches that recognize the interlinkages between cultural and biological diversity. Yet, ongoing challenges remain, particularly in contexts in which cultural and biological objectives are misaligned. We reflect on current limitations and future opportunities, and we provide examples and recommendations to design education projects that support and strengthen Madagascar's biocultural heritage. This research adds to ongoing calls to decolonise environmental education.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70400","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149099801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Underestimation of avian diversity in the Tumbesian hotspot: Sampling gaps and conservation challenges","authors":"Anabel Cueva-Agila,&nbsp;Leonardo Ordóñez-Delgado,&nbsp;María Fernanda Tapia-Armijos,&nbsp;Carlos Iván Espinosa","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70401","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Tumbesian Region of northwestern South America is one of the most important areas for global biodiversity conservation. However, despite its importance, this region has not undergone a reassessment of its birdlife for more than three decades. Our study evaluated the richness, endemicity, and conservation status of birds in this region using more than 439,000 refined records, from bibliographic sources, field records, and the eBird platform. We found that the area is home to at least 931 species, representing a 16% increase over previous estimates. These included 24 new regional records and 82 endemic species. The greatest species richness increase is found in humid forests (882 species) and dry forests (760 species), while montane grasslands harbor the lowest values. Humid forests have the lowest levels of sampling completeness (50%), which could cause their actual diversity to be underestimated. The spatial analysis revealed clear biases related to accessibility, showing that information gathering efforts are concentrated on the coast and in protected areas, to the detriment of some areas in southwestern Ecuador and the border areas between Ecuador and Peru. No evidence of correlation between species richness and protected area coverage was found, although humid forests, which have high levels of diversity, are underrepresented in the current network of protected areas, while less diverse ecosystems have high coverage. These results indicate a critical misalignment between biological value and conservation efforts. We recommended prioritizing actions in both humid and dry forests, promoting processes that strengthen binational connectivity, and integrating citizen science with systematic monitoring to reduce bias and improve evidence-based territorial planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70401","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149100011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservation toward anti-colonial, action-orientated futures for just and inclusive worlds: Insights from a conservation biology interactive workshop, June 2024","authors":"Jared Gonet,&nbsp;Chrystal Mantyka-Pringle,&nbsp;Mary Hostetter,&nbsp;Carmen Richter","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70406","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Conservation science is shifting toward greater inclusivity of Indigenous peoples, driven by Indigenous advocacy for their rights, reconciliation of past harms, and the growing understanding that Indigenous peoples are essential for conservation. Yet, scientists and practitioners are still learning how to embrace anticolonial strategies that safeguard the braiding of multiple types of knowledge systems. This was the challenge posed at the 2024 North American Congress of Conservation Biology in Vancouver, BC, Canada. Through a facilitated interactive session, participants shared understandings, learnings, and recommendations of how to decolonize, challenge paradigms, and create positive change in: the context of North American conservation science, practice and action. Nine themes emerged which were: educate ourselves and society on decolonial thinking; bringing generations together; the importance of languages; creating allyship and action; deconstructing research; embrace relationality for critical conservation thinking; decolonizing society; making space for spirituality; and decolonizing institutions with more Indigenous-led and equitable systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70406","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149100015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Five-year assessment of wolf translocation to Isle Royale National Park, 2018–2023","authors":"Adia R. Sovie,&nbsp;Mark C. Romanski,&nbsp;Dean E. Beyer Jr,&nbsp;Hailey M. Boone,&nbsp;Edmund J. Isaac,&nbsp;Kenneth F. Kellner,&nbsp;David Marneweck,&nbsp;Seth A. Moore,&nbsp;Elizabeth K. Orning,&nbsp;Brent R. Patterson,&nbsp;Lynette R. Potvin,&nbsp;Michelle L. Verant,&nbsp;Jerrold L. Belant","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70363","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Gray wolf (<i>Canis lupus</i>) translocation is a common approach for restoring ecological function through top-down regulation. Understanding the processes that contribute to successful wolf translocations is essential for planning future restorations. We investigated the Isle Royale National Park (IRNP) wolf restoration project 5 years post-translocation (September 24, 2018–September 1, 2023) to evaluate whether the management goal to establish a wolf population that would persist for 20 years was achieved. We used Global Positioning System (GPS) radio collar location data, remote cameras, howl surveys, and population viability analysis (PVA) to determine (1) if wolf demographics, including cause-specific mortality, survival, pack formation, reproduction, and population size resembled long-term averages and (2) whether observed wolf demographics would result in a self-sustaining population for 20 years. The National Park Service released 19 wolves captured from populations in the Grand Portage Reservation, Minnesota, USA; the Upper Peninsula, Michigan, USA; Jostle Lake, Ontario, Canada; and Michipicoten Island, Ontario, Canada onto IRNP during September 2018–September 2019. The primary cause of wolf mortality was intraspecific aggression, with five of 11 confirmed mortalities attributed to other wolves. Average annual wolf survival was 0.74 (95% CI = 0.58–0.94), and across years the wolf population increased or remained stable with an estimated population of 27 wolves in April 2023. Wolves reproduced each year including the year of initial translocations. Population viability analysis simulations suggest an &gt;80% chance of wolf population persistence for 20 years, despite high levels of inbreeding. We found that releasing socially bonded wolves facilitated pack formation; however, the numerical and social dominance of a family group may complicate the long-term genetic health of the population.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70363","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149100605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restoring elk in Minnesota: Landowner support for restoring an elk population","authors":"Eric M. Walberg,&nbsp;David C. Fulton,&nbsp;Michael W. Schrage,&nbsp;James D. Forester,&nbsp;Adam C. Landon,&nbsp;Craig A. Miller","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70399","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Public support is critical to successfully restore wildlife populations and avoid future human–wildlife conflict. We used a structural equation model (SEM) to analyze 2550 survey responses from landowners in northeast Minnesota to examine the influence of four psychological constructs on support for restoring a wild, free-ranging elk (<i>Cervus canadensis</i>) population in the region. Our model included perceived risk from elk, social trust in the state wildlife agency, perceived personal control over impacts from elk, and attitudes toward elk. Perceived risk, perceived personal control, and social trust each had a direct, significant impact on attitudes toward elk. Attitudes had a significant, direct effect on support for restoring elk, and perceived risk had a significant, indirect effect on support. Our model explained 66% of variability in support for restoring an elk population and 50% of variability in attitudes toward elk. We found abundant support among landowners to restore an elk population in northeast Minnesota, but continued effort will be necessary to maintain support when elk restoration occurs. Our findings in northeast Minnesota suggest messaging should focus on helping landowners cope with potential threats through improving their trust in the state wildlife agency (i.e., social trust) and ability to avoid negative outcomes from an elk population (i.e., personal control).</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70399","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149100355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The cat's out of the bag: Examining US wildlife trade of felids from 2000 to 2020","authors":"Alessandra M. Bresnan,&nbsp;David G. Baker,&nbsp;Leslie A. Lyons,&nbsp;Sabrina S. Taylor","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70403","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Felids are highly valued in the wildlife trade, but illegal and unsustainable legal trade can pose serious conservation threats. The United States is a major wildlife importer, yet its role in felid exploitation remains understudied. Using data from the US Fish and Wildlife Law Enforcement Management Information System (LEMIS), we analyzed felid imports from 2000 to 2020 and identified 39,942 entries, 8% of which were illegal. Trophies were the most common import type, but skins accounted for the greatest volume, dominated by bobcat and Canada lynx. Intercepted illegal trade consisted mainly of tiger- and leopard-derived medicinal products. Statistical analyses showed that product type (skins, medicinal products, and teeth) was associated with increased trade volumes, and that illegal trade volumes were significantly greater for threatened species. Live imports of felids have increased since 2012, largely due to demand for wild-domestic hybrid cats, posing potential conservation concerns for wild parent species. We recommend DNA testing at ports of entry to verify species identity and detect mislabeling of wild-sourced felids, reassessing heavily traded Least Concern felids to detect emerging threats, regulating hybrid cat breeding, and restricting commercial trade of captive-bred threatened felids. Integrating these trade insights into policy and enforcement can help safeguard felid populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70403","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149100016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Importance of using genetic data to inform conservation captive breeding: A tale of two species of threatened macaws (Ara spp.)","authors":"George Olah,&nbsp;Jeff A. Johnson,&nbsp;Jeremy S. Johnson,&nbsp;Donald J. Brightsmith,&nbsp;Janice D. Boyd","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70382","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Captive breeding in private collections is a crucial but often undocumented component of conservation for many threatened species, which can inadvertently pose risks to genetic diversity and species integrity. We used genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) to conduct a genetic audit of one of the largest private collections of two threatened parrot species: the Great Green Macaw (<i>Ara ambiguus</i>) and the Military Macaw (<i>Ara militaris</i>). Among 45 individuals, our analysis uncovered critical, undocumented historical complexities. We identified seven interspecific hybrids and one morphologically misidentified purebred individual. We also detected pervasive high relatedness, with mean pairwise relatedness values for the Military Macaw (<i>r</i> = 0.33) and Great Green Macaw (<i>r</i> = 0.27) approaching the theoretical expectation for half-siblings, largely driven by the discovery of highly interconnected family networks. Furthermore, we revealed cryptic substructure within the Military Macaws, tracing lineages to distinct Mexican and South American (Bolivian) origins. Together, these findings highlight the unintended consequences of historical breeding without access to genetic data, which can compromise a collection's conservation value if left unresolved. Our results demonstrate that genomic screening is an essential tool for transforming historically undocumented collections from uncharacterized genetic reservoirs into valuable conservation assets. We provide a framework for conservation practitioners to use genomic data to correct pedigrees, guide pairing decisions to minimize inbreeding, and prevent hybridization. We argue that such genomic oversight should be standard policy and practice across all ex situ conservation programs to ensure meaningful contributions to global species recovery efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70382","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149100462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A network analysis of failure pathways for fish and fish habitat offsets","authors":"Sebastian Theis,&nbsp;D. Andrew R. Drake,&nbsp;Marten A. Koops","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70375","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biodiversity offsets are a primary tool to compensate for environmental impacts, especially in aquatic ecosystems, yet a comprehensive understanding of the factors that lead to aquatic offset failure is lacking. We address this gap by identifying co-occurrence patterns among the direct failures and indirect consequences, restoration methods, and risk-reduction strategies in aquatic ecosystems, specifically for fish and fish habitat. Leveraging a review of 48 case studies and a fish and fish habitat offset failure classification framework, we applied coincidence network and cluster analysis to map these interactions. Failures rarely occurred in isolation, instead forming five distinct failure syndromes: Foundational (planning failures), Biological (species manipulation), Hydrological (scale mismatch), Governance (institutional failures), and Implementation Uncertainty (ecological complexity). Each syndrome links specific restoration methods to a characteristic set of direct failures and indirect consequences. The syndrome-based perspective reframes fish and fish habitat offset failures not as independent events but as emergent properties of systemic flaws, providing a better basis for proactive management. The findings support the ongoing shift in the broader offsetting literature from site-centric metrics to regional-scale assessment, a precautionary approach to biological interventions, and a greater emphasis on adaptive management and robust governance. The findings further improve our understanding of fish and fish habitat offset failures and can help regulators and practitioners to better anticipate and mitigate the primary pathways to failure, improving the ecological credibility and effectiveness of offset interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70375","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149099537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the effectiveness of Sri Lankan marine protected areas: Challenges and recommendations","authors":"Barbora Winterová,&nbsp;Chanaka Sooriyabandara,&nbsp;Jeffrey C. Nekola,&nbsp;Terney Pradeep Kumara","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70360","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We evaluated the biodiversity conservation effectiveness of 32 zones of Sri Lankan Marine Protected Areas (MPA). Seven were incompatible with biodiversity conservation, seven were protected minimally, 13 lightly, five highly, and none fully. MPAs fell into three clusters based on the threat type and scale: Cluster A (18 zones) experienced detrimental fishing; Cluster B (7 zones) primarily represented national parks with low fishing and anchoring impacts; while Cluster C (7 zones) were sanctuaries characterized by low fishing but high anchoring impacts. Management of the MPAs was impeded by a lack of transparency, communication, accountability to stakeholders, and conflict resolution mechanisms, as well as poor impact and benefit sharing, inadequate staffing and funding, and no broader seascape management. Management practice criteria divided the zones into three clusters: Cluster 1 (19 MPAs, including all national parks) showed relatively low management issues; Cluster 2 (8 MPAs, including all nature reserves) had higher rates of problems; while Cluster 3 (2 MPAs) was defined by extremely poor access to information, making accurate assessment impossible. These analyses show that many Sri Lankan MPAs represent “paper parks,” with the internal and external challenges they face varying across legal categories. Improving their conservation efficacy will require different approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70360","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149099556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}