Conservation Science and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Effectiveness of territorial protection categories in conserving an endemic island bird during population fluctuation","authors":"Luis M. Carrascal,&nbsp;Ángel C. Moreno,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Illera","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70237","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Protected areas represent cornerstones of biodiversity conservation on oceanic islands, yet their effectiveness for endemic species remains poorly evaluated. We assessed how various territorial protection categories conserve an endemic oceanic bird by comparing periods of population maxima and minima in Fuerteventura. Using 500-m transects across the island, we analyzed local abundance differences inside versus outside protected areas, identified proportions of populations within protection boundaries, and examined cohabitation patterns with other avian species. Local stonechat abundance was significantly higher only inside Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) (non-targeted to birds), with no advantage in Special Protection Areas for Birds (SPAs), despite their avian conservation purpose (i.e., targeted to birds). Temporal analyses revealed a sharper decline in stonechat abundance inside SACs compared to unprotected areas, and similar changes outside and inside SPAs. Approximately 42% of the stonechat population and 72% of its occupancy area remained outside SPA boundaries during both periods, demonstrating inefficient spatial alignment with the species' distribution. Unprotected areas gained critical significance during the 2024 population minimum, as static boundaries failed to capture the species' shifting distribution patterns. The stonechat showed positive associations with five other endemic subspecies but no spatial overlap with emblematic “flagship” species that typically drive conservation decisions. Conservation planning must adopt more dynamic approaches that not only account for species' spatial distributions under optimal conditions but also identify and protect key refugia during population declines. This is particularly critical for improving the effectiveness of protected areas for island endemics with restricted and environmentally sensitive habitat requirements.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70237","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147714955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of ecosystem status in Mozambique and implications for environmental planning","authors":"Kendall R. Jones,&nbsp;Mervyn Lötter,&nbsp;Hugo M. Costa,&nbsp;Gautam Surya,&nbsp;Vanessa Rathbone,&nbsp;Hermenegildo Matimele,&nbsp;Eleutério Duarte,&nbsp;Tereza Alves,&nbsp;Célia Macamo,&nbsp;Denise Nicolau,&nbsp;Muri G. Soares,&nbsp;Roberto Zolho,&nbsp;Hedley S. Grantham","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70189","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) set the agenda for global aspirations and actions to reverse environmental degradation and biodiversity loss. It places a clear focus on ecosystems, with several goals and targets aimed at enhancing ecosystem area, integrity, connectivity, and resilience. Achieving these ambitions will require a robust understanding of ecosystem type, distribution and status, and mainstreaming of ecosystem data into reporting and decision-making processes. Here, we assess Mozambique's terrestrial ecosystems using the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems framework and demonstrate how the results are being used to inform environmental decision-making and GBF implementation. By assessing ecosystem loss, degradation, and the impacts of climate change, our findings show that more than half of Mozambique's ecosystems are threatened, with impacts primarily concentrated in temperate subhumid grasslands and pyric tussock savannas. Some ecosystem groups, such as tropical-subtropical lowland rainforests, while less affected by range reduction, are threatened due to their naturally restricted distributions and ongoing degradation. Coverage of threatened ecosystems within protected areas and Key Biodiversity Areas is substantially insufficient, highlighting clear priorities for expansion to achieve GBF targets. These results are now being used to influence national conservation policies and regulate private-sector conservation efforts. This demonstrates how systematic Red List of Ecosystem assessments can inform robust environmental decision-making and conservation planning, providing a valuable model for other countries aiming to implement the GBF and enhance ecosystem-based conservation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70189","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147714965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic benefits of biodiversity corridors: A cross-sectional study of households in the Central Annamite Landscape, Vietnam","authors":"Van Tri Tin Nguyen,&nbsp;Cooper Schouten,&nbsp;Leslie Christidis,&nbsp;David Newell,&nbsp;Cody Aylward","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70243","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biodiversity corridors aim to reconnect fragmented habitats and protected areas, yet their impact on landowners varies and requires assessment. In the Central Annamite Landscape, Vietnam, initiatives like Payment for Forest Environment Services (PFES) for watershed protection, forest restoration, and non-timber forest product development program seek to enhance conservation-based livelihoods. A survey of 120 households across four villages was conducted to compare income and other livelihood benefits of landholders residing inside and outside the biodiversity corridors. Findings revealed that landowners within the corridors earned significantly higher incomes (USD 412/ha/year) primarily from PFES payments for watershed protection and participation in restoration activities, while those outside earned less (USD 330/ha/year) from afforestation (Acacia plantations) and forest product harvesting. Households inside corridors also reported greater access to livelihood support, improved forest governance, and higher participation in community-based forest management. To maximize benefits for landowners, local policies should expand conservation incentives, including restoration, patrolling, and monitoring. Interventions should leverage local assets to create alternative income sources, reducing dependence on forest exploitation. Strengthening conservation-oriented livelihoods can enhance the economic benefits for landowners while ensuring the long-term sustainability of biodiversity corridors.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70243","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147715161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The value of saltbush revegetation for biodiversity in a highly fragmented landscape","authors":"Robert A. Davis,&nbsp;Michael D. Craig,&nbsp;Tim S. Doherty,&nbsp;Jonathan D. Majer,&nbsp;Eddie J. B. Van Etten","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70255","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Secondary salinization is a significant global issue affecting up to 1 billion hectares of land, impacting biodiversity and particularly vegetation. One form of revegetation that can provide a return to landholders is saltbush (<i>Atriplex</i> spp.), which provides forage for a wide range of livestock. The effectiveness of saltbush plantings in providing useful habitat for fauna in agricultural landscapes suffering from secondary salinity is poorly understood. We aimed to address this knowledge gap by surveying bird, ant, and spider communities, and quantifying vegetation structure and floristic composition in saltbush and native woodlands in agricultural landscapes affected by secondary salinization in Western Australia. Plot-based vegetation surveys were related to terrestrial invertebrates surveyed with pitfall traps and birds surveyed in 2 ha 20 min surveys at each of a saltbush revegetation site, natural bushland, and degraded bushland in five replicate treatments in the northern wheatbelt agricultural region of Western Australia. Revegetated sites had lower tree and leaf litter cover, less coarse woody debris, lower structural heterogeneity, higher woody plant density, and lower native species richness than natural sites. Ant and spider communities in revegetated sites did not differ significantly from those in natural woodlands. This contrasts with other studies. Bird species richness and diversity in natural sites was higher than that in revegetated sites, but similar to that in degraded sites. Current revegetation using saltbush is providing very limited benefits for biodiversity in this region, with most species utilizing revegetation being species that persist well in highly fragmented landscapes.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70255","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147715188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-event modeling of Hector's dolphin (Cephalorhynchus hectori) fecundity using four decades of monitoring: Implications for current management of bycatch","authors":"Steph Bennington,&nbsp;Peter W. Dillingham,&nbsp;Lindsay Wickman,&nbsp;Trudi Webster,&nbsp;Tom Brough,&nbsp;Elisabeth Slooten,&nbsp;Stephen M. Dawson,&nbsp;William J. Rayment","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70242","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Prediction of future population trajectories is vital in the management of threatened species but requires accurate estimates of demographic rates. One such parameter is fecundity, which is commonly expressed as the number of offspring produced per female per year. The endangered Hector's dolphin (<i>Cephalorhynchus hectori</i>) is Aotearoa New Zealand's only endemic cetacean and is threatened by bycatch from inshore trawl and gillnet fisheries. Here, we take advantage of 40 years of continued photo-identification effort at Banks Peninsula to construct a Bayesian open-population multi-event capture–recapture model. We estimated fecundity for Hector's dolphins at 0.29 (95% credible interval [CI]: 0.22–0.39) which corresponds to an average calving frequency of one calf every 3.4 years (95% CI: 2.5–4.7 years). This new estimate is substantially lower and more precise than the previous estimate of fecundity for Hector's dolphins (e.g., 0.409, 95% CI: 0.267–0.635), but is based on a larger dataset, and aligns closely with estimates from other dolphin species. This updated estimate of fecundity indicates a lower capacity for population growth and reduced resilience to anthropogenic threats, including bycatch in fisheries.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70242","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147715227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward a more inclusive conservation actions classification: Lessons from restoration practice and conservation social science","authors":"Matthew Jurjonas","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70248","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Open Standards for the Practice of Conservation and its Conservation Actions Classification (CAC 2.0) provide a widely used framework for guiding and evaluating conservation efforts. While primarily designed for prospective planning, these tools can also support retrospective analysis. Insights from a previously published qualitative review of more than 5400 projects funded by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative—one of the largest restoration programs in the United States—revealed that many actions, particularly those involving equity, public health, Indigenous knowledge, and participatory science, were not easily categorized within CAC 2.0. Building on that experience, this perspective identifies opportunities to broaden the framework to better reflect social, cultural, and institutional dimensions of conservation. The discussion is organized around eight thematic areas spanning governance, equity, climate, participation, and community-led conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70248","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147715123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Realizing and assessing social successes in invasive species management","authors":"Sonia Graham,&nbsp;Jennifer Atchison,&nbsp;Zhao Ma,&nbsp;Tanya Howard,&nbsp;Nicholas Gill,&nbsp;Leonie Miller,&nbsp;Thomas Bach","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70229","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Each year untold numbers of land managers and volunteers work individually and collectively to manage invasive plant, animal, and insect species. Whether such efforts are deemed successful depends on ecological and economic outcomes, with limited consideration of the social processes, costs, and benefits. This article provides a critical reflection of dominant approaches to invasive species management that frequently overlook social processes and outcomes in the setting of program goals and metrics of success. Based on our collective experience researching people's engagement with invasive species and conservation more broadly, we propose that future policy and practice need to incorporate three principles: diversity and social justice, learning from failure, and explicit acknowledgement of social relationships as management enablers. Insights from innovations in invasive species management and other natural resource management fields indicate that such re-envisioning of invasive species management can produce diverse co-benefits beyond reducing invasive species impacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70229","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147714964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The conservation management of European bison requires strong evidence and careful risk assessment: A response to “Comment: Nores et al. (2024) fail in their attempt to demonstrate the inappropriateness of an eventual introduction of the European bison to Spain as a rewilding initiative”","authors":"Carlos Nores,&nbsp;Diego Álvarez-Laó,&nbsp;Alberto Navarro,&nbsp;Francisco Javier Pérez-Barbería,&nbsp;Pedro María Castaños,&nbsp;Jone Castaños de la Fuente,&nbsp;Arturo Morales Muñiz,&nbsp;Concepción Azorit,&nbsp;Joaquín Muñoz-Cobo,&nbsp;Carlos Fernández Delgado,&nbsp;Carlos Granado Lorencio,&nbsp;Paul Palmqvist,&nbsp;Ramón Soriguer,&nbsp;Miguel Delibes,&nbsp;Montserrat Vilà,&nbsp;Miguel Simón,&nbsp;Baltasar Cabezudo,&nbsp;Carmen Galán,&nbsp;Emili García-Berthou,&nbsp;Ana Almodóvar,&nbsp;Benigno Elvira,&nbsp;Pedro Brufao Curiel,&nbsp;Adriá Casinos,&nbsp;Juan Herrero,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Blanco,&nbsp;Ricardo García-González,&nbsp;David Nogués-Bravo,&nbsp;Antoni Margalida,&nbsp;Brendan Fisher,&nbsp;Raphaël Arlettaz,&nbsp;Iain J. Gordon,&nbsp;Arne Ludwig,&nbsp;Sandro Lovari,&nbsp;Brian D. Cook,&nbsp;Juan Carranza,&nbsp;Sándor Csányi,&nbsp;Marco Apollonio,&nbsp;Rafał Kowalczyk,&nbsp;Steve Demarais,&nbsp;José Vicente López-Bao","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70262","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;We thank Bartolomé and colleagues for their interest in our recent article, “Rewilding through inappropriate species introduction: The case of European bison in Spain” (Nores et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). Our work critically evaluated the proposal to introduce European bison (&lt;i&gt;Bison bonasus&lt;/i&gt;) into the Iberian Peninsula, considering ecological, biogeographical, conservation, and legal aspects. The reply by Bartolomé et al. presents alternative hypotheses but does not challenge our conclusions with new evidence. Our position relied on what the available data show and on the convergence of paleontological, ecological, climatic, and legal evidence (Nores et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). In contrast, Bartolomé and colleagues rely on hypothetical scenarios of the presence of European bison in Iberia, such as possible Holocene extinctions or preliminary sedaDNA signals (Gelabert et al., &lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;), which, while intriguing, do not offer conclusive support for past presence of extant European bison in Iberia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We emphasize that a huge number of well-studied Holocene sites across Iberia—110 sites with bovine remains—have yielded no remains of European bison. This absence is meaningful, especially when considered alongside the clear presence in many of them of the steppe bison (&lt;i&gt;Bison priscus&lt;/i&gt;) and auroch (&lt;i&gt;Bos primigenius&lt;/i&gt;). It is difficult to conceive that European bison could have lived throughout Iberia during thousands of years without leaving any recognizable trace, given the extensive Late Pleistocene (197 sites) to Holocene (222 sites) fossil record in the region (Arribas, &lt;span&gt;2004&lt;/span&gt;). Bartolomé et al. suggest that this absence could be explained by sampling bias or by misidentification of bone remains. However, these claims are unsupported. The Iberian fossil record has yielded remains of many other large herbivores—including reindeer (&lt;i&gt;Rangifer tarandus&lt;/i&gt;) and muskox (&lt;i&gt;Ovibos moschatus&lt;/i&gt;) (see Nores et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;)—that present similar preservation challenges. If European bison had been present, it would be reasonable to expect some traces among this extensive fossil material. The diagnostic morphological features of &lt;i&gt;Bison&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Bos&lt;/i&gt; are well established and widely applied in paleontology (see references in Nores et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt; and others as Martínez-Navarro et al., &lt;span&gt;2007&lt;/span&gt;) as well as in genomics (Llamas et al., &lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;). While isolated misidentifications may not be discarded, they cannot account for a complete absence across hundreds of paleontological sites. The idea that European bison was overlooked remains unconvincing in the absence of supporting evidence. In contrast, Bartolomé and colleagues cited references that, upon closer inspection, align more closely with our conclusions than with their assertions: neither Benecke (&lt;span&gt;2005&lt;/span&gt;), Kuemmerle et al. (&lt;span&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;), nor Pilowsky et al. (&lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;) concluded that European bison w","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70262","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147714979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introducing European bison in Iberia: Road safety concerns. A comment to Nores et al., 2024","authors":"Marcello D'Amico,&nbsp;Fernando Ascensão,&nbsp;Miguel Clavero,&nbsp;Jacinto Román,&nbsp;Rafael Barrientos","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70240","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This Comment builds on Nores et al. by highlighting an overlooked dimension of the proposed European bison introduction in the Iberian Peninsula: the risks posed by roads to both wildlife and human safety. Drawing on evidence from Central and Eastern Europe, we show that traffic-related mortality can be significant even in well-managed bison populations. We argue that any rewilding initiative in Iberia must explicitly account for these risks, which challenge both the ecological and social feasibility of such projects.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70240","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147714980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment: Nores et al. (2024) fail in their attempt to demonstrate the inappropriateness of an eventual introduction of the European bison to Spain as a rewilding initiative","authors":"Jordi Bartolomé,&nbsp;Jorge Cassinello,&nbsp;Francisco Ceacero,&nbsp;Daniel Klich,&nbsp;Martina Komárková,&nbsp;Rhys Taylor Lemoine,&nbsp;Jan van der Made,&nbsp;Fernando Morán,&nbsp;Wanda Olech,&nbsp;Jordi Palau,&nbsp;Kajetan Perzanowski,&nbsp;Esther Rodríguez","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70132","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We discuss the main arguments given by Nores et al. (Conservation Science and Practice, 2024, 6, e13221) that uphold the inappropriateness of (re)introducing the wisent (<i>Bison bonasus</i>) in Spain, and we propose an alternative interpretation of the facts and empirical data currently available. In our view, there is still no conclusive data, neither paleontological nor ecological, that would allow establishing the appropriateness or otherwise of its introduction, although our interpretation is that current evidence would point to conclusions contrary to those of these authors.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70132","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147714981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}