Conservation Science and Practice最新文献

{"title":"The current status of genetic monitoring in conservation introductions","authors":"Elspeth A. McLennan,&nbsp;Catherine E. Grueber,&nbsp;Katherine Belov,&nbsp;Carolyn J. Hogg","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Conservation introductions, translocating species beyond their native range, are increasingly necessary. Because genetic diversity is essential for species to respond to novel environments, understanding whether establishing populations can maintain genetic diversity is crucial to the long-term success of conservation introductions. Using a systematic review, we quantified conservation introductions globally and assessed whether genetic monitoring is occurring. We found that, despite extensive discussion, conservation introductions were rare. Of 167 examples, most were performed in North America, Australia, and China, with megadiverse developing nations underrepresented. Plants were disproportionately represented (74%), and climate change was the primary motivator of conservation introductions (40%). Survival and reproduction were the most frequently measured outcomes (71% and 37%, respectively). Ten works (5.9%) reported genetic monitoring, of which only two considered temporal genetic data and showed a worrying trend of rapid negative genetic change post-establishment. With limited genetic evidence, it remains unclear whether conservation introductions can establish self-sustaining populations. As these translocations may be the only option for some species, we recommend conservation practitioners trial conservation introductions with temporal genetic monitoring to assess the maintenance of founding genetic diversity and inbreeding. Only through scientifically derived applications of conservation introductions will we learn how to establish self-sustaining populations in an uncertain future.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A global systematic review of the influence of competition on the outcomes of fauna conservation","authors":"Aurelie M. Kanishka,&nbsp;Nick Dexter,&nbsp;Chris R. Dickman,&nbsp;Natasha M. Robinson,&nbsp;David B. Lindenmayer","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ecosystems typically exhibit resilience to disturbances, yet excessive pressure can disrupt species interactions, resulting in biodiversity loss. Conservation interventions strive to safeguard ecosystems and reinstate vital ecological functions. Competition between animals plays a pivotal role in ecosystem persistence and dynamics, but its significance is often underestimated in conservation research. We conducted a global review that analyzed 147 articles, focusing on the impact of competitive interactions between animals on conservation interventions. We found a tendency for researchers to retrospectively interpret observed patterns of interactions as competitive. Negative outcomes, such as species declines, were frequently associated with competitive interactions. Despite efforts to predict outcomes using characteristics of the competition process, we found no consistent patterns of outcomes based on these characteristics. Our findings underscore the considerable influence that competition may have on conservation outcomes, emphasizing a need for proactive consideration of competition dynamics as part of planning conservation interventions. By integrating animal competition into conservation planning, monitoring, and mitigation efforts, unexpected negative impacts can be minimized, fostering more effective conservation outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A climate adaptation menu for North American grasslands","authors":"Jacy S. Bernath-Plaisted,&nbsp;Stephen D. Handler,&nbsp;Marissa Ahlering,&nbsp;Leslie A. Brandt,&nbsp;Scott B. Maresh Nelson,&nbsp;Neal D. Niemuth,&nbsp;Todd Ontl,&nbsp;Courtney L. Peterson,&nbsp;Christine A. Ribic,&nbsp;Delane Strohmeyer,&nbsp;Benjamin Zuckerberg","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<p>North American grasslands are climate-vulnerable biomes that provide critical ecosystem services and support biodiversity. However, grasslands are often not included in climate policy and treaties, and they are underrepresented in ecological climate-adaptation literature. We synthesized existing knowledge on climate adaptation in North American grasslands to provide resources and guidance for grassland managers facing increasing climate change impacts. We leveraged data from a systematic review and solicited input from management professionals at workshops to create a Grassland Adaptation Menu—a referenced, hierarchical list of specific grassland management tactics nested under broader climate adaptation strategies. Our review revealed that although the number of published studies examining grassland-climate topics is increasing, relatively few provide actionable recommendations for adaptation. Among studies that did make recommendations, landscape-planning principles such as conserving grasslands in future climate refugia and enhancing connectivity were the most frequently recommended practice types, but there were also suggestions for site-level management such as adjustments to fire and grazing, improved seed sourcing and restoration practices, increased heterogeneity and biodiversity, use of assisted migration, and management of microclimate conditions. The Grassland Adaptation Menu incorporates eight general strategies and 32 approaches in a structured format designed to help managers translate concepts into actions.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular tracing of the geographical origin of captive Asian small-clawed otters in Japan","authors":"Mayako Fujihara,&nbsp;Akiyuki Suzuki,&nbsp;Worata Klinsawat,&nbsp;Wanlop Chutipong,&nbsp;Cécile Sarabian,&nbsp;Marie Sigaud,&nbsp;Vanessa Gris,&nbsp;Miho Inoue-Murayama","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The international trade of the Asian small-clawed otter (<i>Aonyx cinereus</i>) for commercial purposes is prohibited by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) Appendix I. However, otter smuggling is still rampant, and Japan is among the important destination countries for captive otters whose origins are ambiguous. Our study aims to investigate the geographic origin(s) of Asian small-clawed otters in exotic animal cafés (EACs), zoos/aquariums in Japan, as well as those seized by Japanese customs, by comparing their mitochondrial DNA sequences with those of wild otters in Thailand—a primary trade hub for these animals. We analyzed 1511 bp mitochondrial sequences, including the complete CytB gene and a partial Control Region, in 33 individuals kept in EACs, 43 individuals from zoos/aquariums, and five from Japanese customs seizures, and compared them with the reference sequences from Thailand and neighboring countries. We detected 12 haplotypes among the captive otters in Japan, and the haplotype network was divided into three major groups. Moreover, certain haplotypes found in EACs and seized individuals were also present in wild otters from the southern region of Thailand, which is a suspected poaching hotspot. While more than half (24 of 43) of captive otters in zoos/aquariums share the same haplotypes with their wild counterparts in Thailand, most haplotypes do not match those found in seized and café individuals. According to CITES records, this species has not been imported from Thailand into Japan since 1988. Our findings suggest that most (75%) of seized and captive otters at EACs originated from southern Thailand, likely through illegal trade after this date. Expanding the database of samples from captive otters in Japan and wild otters in their original habitats may help to clarify the trade routes of these animals to the country.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Judiciary independence: Why should conservation ecologists care?","authors":"Tamar Keasar,&nbsp;Moshe Coll,&nbsp;Yael Lubin,&nbsp;Michal Segoli,&nbsp;Saskya van Nouhuys,&nbsp;Eric Wajnberg,&nbsp;Alon Tal","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We discuss the impact of democratic political governance systems on ecological and conservation research, education, and practice, focusing on radical proposed changes to the judicial system in Israel. This judicial reform has already begun to restrict academic freedom and environmental laws, adversely affecting regulatory actions. We are concerned about the weakening enforcement of environmental laws, increased power to polluting industries, future defunding of ecological research and nature conservation programs, reduced cross-border collaborations in ecological research, and restrictions on the academic teaching of ecology and evolution. Concerns related to Israel's unique biodiversity are particularly pressing in light of the constant threats from a rapidly growing population, high development pressures, and frequent military actions. International experience suggests that weakening judicial oversight of government actions in other countries is generating similar threats on a global scale. Therefore, ecologists and conservation biologists should actively be involved in the protection of liberal democracies and judicial independence.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Keystone effects of prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) on grassland birds: Current knowledge and future directions","authors":"R. Andrew Dreelin,&nbsp;Andy J. Boyce,&nbsp;Holly P. Jones","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Keystone species are critical to maintaining ecological relationships and ecosystem functioning around the world. Prairie dogs (<i>Cynomys</i> sp.) are a genus of colonial keystone species endemic to North American grasslands that modify bird community composition via ecological disturbance, but this topic has not been reviewed despite many studies on grassland bird associations with prairie dogs. We conducted a systematic literature review (<i>n</i> = 111 studies) where we assessed three hypotheses and found consistent support for each: (1) prairie dogs increase abundance of early-successional grassland birds through grazing, (2) prairie dog towns modify bird community composition compared to nearby grassland because they increase heterogeneity within grasslands at large spatial scales, and (3) prairie dogs increase raptor abundance by serving as a prey base. Significant gaps in our understanding of the effects of prairie dogs on birds remain. Most research was conducted on black-tailed prairie dogs during the bird breeding season and focused on how prairie dogs modify the occurrence and abundance of birds. Research is needed on the effects of other prairie dog species, effects on birds during the non-breeding or migratory seasons, and effects on demography, particularly for songbirds. Continued work on this topic can increase our understanding of how keystone species affect bird communities and inform conservation of grassland birds globally. Due to rapid declines of grassland birds in North America, we suggest conserving prairie dog towns as vital sources of early successional grassland and habitat heterogeneity.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Under the radar: The availability of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in South America and implications for avian scavenger populations","authors":"Kane P. J. Colston,&nbsp;Irene Bueno,&nbsp;Lucas Gelid,&nbsp;Juan Manuel Grande","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the late 1990s, diclofenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), was identified as the cause of the Old World vulture population decline on the Indian subcontinent. Diclofenac and other NSAIDs (e.g., flunixin) have also led to the mortality of other vulture species in Europe. However, the threat to raptors from these drugs on other continents remains largely unknown. We conducted a search of veterinary pharmaceutical products registered in all 10 Spanish and Portuguese-speaking countries across South America. All products containing either diclofenac or flunixin were recorded, along with the intended species and product description. We found diclofenac and flunixin are approved for veterinary use in every country searched. Many available products exist as combination therapies (combined with antibiotic drugs) or are marketed solely as antimicrobial drugs, despite containing NSAIDs. With at least 21 South American scavenging raptor species potentially susceptible to exposure to NSAIDs, the plausible risk to the majority of these species has not been evaluated to date. Coupled with a growing livestock agricultural sector across South America, there exists an urgent need to generate scientific evidence to understand the risk of these drugs to South American avian scavengers and to establish suitable management strategies to prevent future population declines.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A shift in the trade? An investigation of the eel trade reveals a likely species switch","authors":"Joshua S. Y. Choo,&nbsp;Golam Rabbani,&nbsp;Elisa X. Y. Lim,&nbsp;Benjamin J. Wainwright","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Anguillid eels have seen precipitous declines in their population sizes. Because of these declines, a number are currently designated as Endangered, Critically Endangered, or are listed on Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species Appendix II. While the export of the critically endangered <i>Anguilla anguilla</i> outside the European Union is tightly regulated, large quantities of <i>A. anguilla</i> juveniles continue to be smuggled out of the EU to Asia where they are grown in eel farms until reaching a marketable size. To investigate the prevalence and consumption of Endangered anguillids—particularly <i>A. anguilla</i>—we examined 327 individual eel products purchased across 86 retailers throughout Singapore. Identification was conducted through DNA barcoding of the COI gene. We overwhelmingly identified the American eel, <i>Anguilla rostrata</i>, which accounted for 70% of all the identifications made, while <i>A. anguilla</i> was only identified three times. These findings may indicate a shift in trade to <i>A. rostrata</i>. This shift highlights the need for improved monitoring of the eel trade, particularly the more desirable anguillids. Our results suggest that <i>A. rostrata</i> warrants specific attention, with increased enforcement and monitoring needed as proactive steps necessary to avoid the same dramatic population declines that have been documented in other anguillids.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management implications of human livelihood strategies on Madagascar's coastal landscapes","authors":"Katharine E. T. Thompson,&nbsp;Cortni Borgerson,&nbsp;Patricia C. Wright,&nbsp;Jeanne Mathilde Randriamanetsy,&nbsp;Niaina Nirina Mahefa Andriamavosoloarisoa,&nbsp;Mamy Yves Andrianantenaina,&nbsp;Théofrico Alexander Razafindrahasy,&nbsp;Ryan S. Rothman,&nbsp;Carter W. Daniels,&nbsp;Katherine J. Kling,&nbsp;Claire Surkis,&nbsp;Katheryn C. Twiss","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The unsustainable harvest and consumption of wild animals destabilizes both wildlife populations and the human livelihoods that depend upon them. In coastal landscapes, the overexploitation of terrestrial resources can increase pressures on marine ecosystems, and vice versa. We explore populations' ability to mitigate hunting pressure by bolstering marine livelihood strategies, assessing whether Malagasy people (or aggregated households) (1) transfer harvest pressure and consumption from oceans to forests in times of lower fisheries yields and (2) habitually exploit both marine and terrestrial resources. We also evaluate the diversity of fishers' and hunters' methods used and species targeted, as reliance on a limited range of resources elevates sensitivity to perturbations in resource access and forces people to shift <i>across</i> rather than <i>within</i> livelihood strategies when experiencing scarcity. We present data on annual marine and terrestrial wildlife use in western Madagascar, where cyclic droughts and famines exert pressure on local populations, and people depend on wild food sources from adjacent mangrove and dry forests. In a study village outside Kirindy Mitea National Park, we surveyed and interviewed 369 individuals (<i>N</i> = 89 households) and conducted 18 focus groups over 6 months (September 2018 to March 2019). We found that individual people tended to exclusively hunt or fish, and hunters pursued relatively few species with more specialized methods than fishers did. By distributing resource utilization across ecosystems, families likely increase household resilience. Therefore, conservation and alternative livelihood efforts will benefit from a regional-scale, multi-ecosystem approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of perceptions and demographic factors on local support for protected areas","authors":"Kamal Thapa,&nbsp;David King,&nbsp;Amy Diedrich","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Local support for protected areas (PAs) is necessary for their long-term success and is important for participatory conservation and sustainable management of PAs. However, the support for PAs depends on several factors such as perceived benefits and costs from PAs, and demographic factors. We carried out 845 household surveys in two PAs of Nepal in the Himalayas and in a lowland area (Terai). Overall, local people were supportive of PAs and had high conservation awareness. Decision-tree analyses revealed that perceptions of benefits strongly influenced the support for PAs. Among socio-demographic variables, spatial location, ethnicity, and education status influenced the support for PAs. We recommend focusing on mitigating or reducing costs that arise from the management of PAs while also providing benefits to local people. This should be prioritized for distant communities that provided the least support for PAs.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}