Conservation Science and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Prioritizing site groups for intrinsic biodiversity assets using complementarity and not just rarity","authors":"Suneeti K. Jog,&nbsp;Jason T. Bried","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70409","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Conservation practitioners rightfully focus on at-risk species when valuing biodiversity assets and prioritizing spatial units. However, sites often contain few if any of those species, making valuation and prioritization difficult. A complementarity approach that incorporates broader community information may strengthen the assessment, yet empirical demonstrations centered on comparing and combining at-risk species with other metrics appear to be lacking. We compared and combined numbers of at-risk species with four other community metrics using surveys of vascular plants at wetlands in a preserve network (Illinois, USA). Out of 247 species observed, only one was listed by Illinois for legal protection and six others as Illinois “imperiled.” Many sites lacked these species or shared equal numbers of at-risk species (including the 49 with Illinois “vulnerable” status), limiting the ability to differentiate and prioritize the sites. Yet numbers of at-risk species still contributed to the complementarity of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity information. This complementarity enabled identifying an intrinsically valuable site group, plus alternative groupings, and highlights a set of simple metrics to apply for site prioritizations.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70409","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149099906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing conservation science and practice through a geographic approach: Platforms, personnel, and partnerships","authors":"Amy E. Frazier,&nbsp;Trisalyn Nelson,&nbsp;Peter Kedron,&nbsp;Somayeh Dodge,&nbsp;Alan Murray,&nbsp;Jelena Vukomanovic,&nbsp;Janet Franklin,&nbsp;Jennifer Miller,&nbsp;Dipto Sarkar,&nbsp;Daniel Kinka,&nbsp;Daniel G. Brown,&nbsp;Adam Devenish,&nbsp;Kelly Easterday,&nbsp;David Gadsden,&nbsp;Hannah V. Herrero,&nbsp;Sophia Leiker,&nbsp;Nickolas McManus,&nbsp;Antonio Medrano,&nbsp;Susan Meerdink,&nbsp;Cullen Molitor,&nbsp;Monica Papeş,&nbsp;Vanessa Rathbone,&nbsp;Susana Rodríguez-Buriticá,&nbsp;Patrick R. Roehrdanz,&nbsp;Miranda Brooke Rose,&nbsp;Rishi Singh,&nbsp;Lei Song,&nbsp;Alexandra D. Syphard,&nbsp;Teal B. Wyckoff,&nbsp;Yolonda Youngs,&nbsp;Steffen Zuther","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70410","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rapid declines in biodiversity necessitate global action and spatial tools that can inform how to set and implement action for new conservation targets. GIScience (the science of geographic information systems, or GIS) has proven useful for conservation decision-making, driving the development of new data, tools, and mapping solutions. Combined with urgent conservation needs, it is an ideal time to examine additional opportunities to advance a geographic approach to conservation. Here, we outline a hierarchy of needs that should be prioritized to ensure that GIScience and geography can support the new, and growing, wave of global conservation targets. Based on a participatory workshop involving conservation and GIS researchers and practitioners, we recommend six actions organized around three themes: platforms, personnel, and partnerships. Those six actions include: (1) build standard platforms for data sharing and maintenance; (2) design predictive models for decision support; (3) develop open educational materials that stress problem solving; (4) infuse co-design into courses and learning materials; (5) support a GIS Conservation Corp and culture; and (6) sustain engagement across academia and practice. Implementing this agenda will lead to bridged knowledge systems, greater trust in spatial evidence, new funding pathways, and durable connections between spatial scientists, conservationists, and decision-makers translating geospatial innovation into measurable biodiversity gains.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70410","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149100245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Key practices for ethical research during scientific expeditions","authors":"Nelsy Niño-Rodríguez,&nbsp;Camila Gómez,&nbsp;Juliana Soto-Patiño,&nbsp;Andrés M. Cuervo,&nbsp;Andrés Sierra-Ricaurte,&nbsp;Natalia Pérez-Amaya,&nbsp;Carlos Del Cairo,&nbsp;Carlos Daniel Cadena,&nbsp;Jessica Díaz-Cárdenas,&nbsp;David Ocampo,&nbsp;Carolina Soto-Vargas,&nbsp;Daniel J. Mennill,&nbsp;Natalia Ocampo-Peñuela","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70379","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Scientific expeditions are crucial for creating new knowledge. The term itself carries strong colonial associations and a legacy of extractive practices. In many cases, expeditionary practices undermined local knowledge and expertise. Here, we advocate for a shift from “parachute science” towards collaborative approaches that incorporate diverse expertise, perspectives, languages, and knowledge systems, strengthening local capacities and focusing on developing and supporting ethical, long-term partnerships. Building on recent publications that encourage a more equitable and respectful fieldwork environment, and drawing on our experiences, we synthesize some previously proposed practices and develop new ones. We reflect on and suggest best practices during scientific expeditions within research teams and in the team's interactions with different communities, from project planning and fieldwork to data management, publication, and outreach. By emphasizing transparency and mutual respect, this collaborative approach enhances scientific outcomes and the societal impact of research. Furthermore, the practices proposed here apply to any kind of fieldwork, not just scientific expeditions, making them valuable across diverse cultural, social, and environmental contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70379","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149100360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The silent elephant in the room: Observed differences in calling behavior of African forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis) in a fragmented West African forest","authors":"Bobbi J. Estabrook,&nbsp;Samuel Kojo Annan-Riverson,&nbsp;Daniela Hedwig,&nbsp;Holger Klinck,&nbsp;Patrick J. Sullivan,&nbsp;Peter H. Wrege","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70387","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Small, fragmented populations of critically endangered species require different conservation strategies than large, contiguous populations, as they are vulnerable to local extinction, demographic shifts, and behavior changes. Effective management necessitates regular, systematic surveys to detect early warning signs of decline and facilitate intervention before irreversible population changes occur. However, long-term monitoring efforts often suffer from substantial data gaps, particularly for elusive species. We use passive acoustic monitoring to assess a small, isolated population of critically endangered African forest elephants (<i>Loxodonta cyclotis</i>) in Ghana's fragmented Kakum Conservation Area, for which no elephant data have been published since 2004. West African forest elephants face rapid population declines and elevated extinction risk amid widespread deforestation, fragmented forests, and severed migration corridors. We investigate potential long-term consequences of fragmentation on this unmonitored population by quantifying changes in vocal behavior between 2000, 2018, and 2024. Elephants vocalized significantly less since 2000, with no change in call duration but increased fundamental frequency, suggesting modified vocal behavior. Gunshots negatively influenced call density in 2018. These findings highlight critical needs to strengthen management and conservation planning for vulnerable populations through cost-effective, long-term monitoring approaches in fragmented landscapes.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70387","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149100463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive capacity of alpine fauna in Australia","authors":"Eleanor Drinkwater,&nbsp;Lindsey Thurman,&nbsp;Hayley Bates,&nbsp;Linda Broome,&nbsp;Nick Clemann,&nbsp;Francisco Encinas-Viso,&nbsp;Madison Fink,&nbsp;Sonya Geange,&nbsp;Margaret L. Haines,&nbsp;Adrienne Nicotra,&nbsp;Tarmo A. Raadik,&nbsp;Ben Scheele,&nbsp;Erik Wapstra,&nbsp;Geoffrey M. While,&nbsp;Kate D. L. Umbers","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70392","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate change is leading to rapid and unprecedented changes to Australia's alpine ecosystems. The impacts of these changes at a species level are not fully understood, making it challenging to holistically assess the impacts of a changing climate in these ecosystems. To address this gap, we combine a literature review with expert opinion to conduct individual adaptive capacity analyses for 29 species of Australia's alpine animals. We conduct these analyses using a published framework which encompasses key themes, such as life history, capacity for movement, genetic variation, and distribution. Our results highlight diversity in the adaptive capacity of Australia's alpine animals and suggest that climate change will impact even closely related species in surprisingly disparate ways. Our study also provides an example of how to overcome perceived data deficiency and support conservation practitioners with what is known. We have created an important resource for land managers in Australia's Alps that systematically integrates diverse data to provide insight into the mechanisms behind the vulnerability of some of Australia's most threatened species to climate change. The evidence this study collates should be considered in conservation planning to ensure species-level natural history information is included in decisions about management actions to mitigate climate change impacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70392","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149099630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marine rewilding principles as a guiding framework for large-scale ecosystem restoration","authors":"Gavin Stark,&nbsp;Guillermo Germán Joosten,&nbsp;Ariane Cornerier,&nbsp;Rachel Schwarz","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70396","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Marine ecosystems are increasingly degraded by climate change, overexploitation, pollution, and habitat loss, underscoring the need for approaches that restore ecological processes while supporting human well-being. Marine rewilding has emerged as a complementary strategy to traditional restoration by aiming to re-establish natural dynamics, trophic interactions, and seascape connectivity across diverse marine habitats. However, its application remains conceptually fragmented and lacks shared guidance for planning and evaluation. Drawing on ecological and social science values, we synthesize core ecological functions, climate resilience needs, community considerations, and governance decisions to propose eight transdisciplinary principles for marine rewilding. These principles integrate ecological integrity with social values, adaptive monitoring, anthropogenic stressor reduction, and inclusive knowledge systems to guide the recovery of self-sustaining, resilient marine ecosystems. By providing a coherent framework, our principles offer practitioners and policymakers a foundation for designing, assessing, and scaling effective marine rewilding initiatives across seascapes.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70396","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149100540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empowering practitioners working at the agriculture–conservation interface","authors":"Adam K. Janke,&nbsp;Julia A. Baker,&nbsp;Catherine DeLong,&nbsp;Dara M. Wald,&nbsp;Nancy Grudens-Schuck,&nbsp;J. Gordon Arbuckle","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70391","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Growing global demand for food, fuel, and fiber has proliferated a suite of negative environmental externalities in some agricultural landscapes that conservation practices seek to resolve. But conservation adoption by private actors is often insufficient. Conservation practitioners facilitate adoption, but they often lack understanding of the agricultural production systems in which they work. We developed a professional development program to help conservation practitioners better understand farming and farmers to empower them to increase conservation adoption in one U.S. state with entrenched environmental challenges arising from agriculture. The curriculum combined instructional techniques, disciplinary experts, and farmers to explore the complexities of the agricultural system in which participants worked. Two cohorts of conservation practitioners (<i>n</i> = 20 and 23) working for 17 organizations participated in 20–21 sessions. Ninety-eight percent of participants agreed participation made them better conservation practitioners. Significant majorities reported increased knowledge about agriculture (100%), conservation (85%), private land decision making (90%), and behavior change (95%). Participants increased empathy toward farmers (+24.9%), increased communication self-efficacy (+15.3%), and improved intention to apply behavior change principles (+49.4%). Comparable professional development interventions may be implemented in similar contexts to foster greater conservation adoption and ultimately reduce entrenched negative environmental externalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70391","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149100670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating cryobanks into conservation frameworks: The case of boreal caribou in Ontario","authors":"Vanessa E. Luzuriaga-Aveiga,&nbsp;Gregory A. Wilson,&nbsp;Gabriela F. Mastromonaco","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70404","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The global biodiversity crisis demands urgent action, yet conventional recovery strategies—habitat protection, population monitoring, and threat mitigation—are proving insufficient for many threatened species. Conservation cryobanks are an underutilized but powerful complementary tool, offering both insurance against genetic loss and a means to access and recover genetic diversity across time. Here, we review what conservation cryobanks are, how they have been used to date, and how they can be formally integrated into species recovery frameworks. Using boreal caribou (<i>Rangifer tarandus caribou</i>) in Ontario as a case study, we illustrate a stepwise process for determining which populations require cryobanking, how cryopreserved material can be incorporated into population management, which partners must be engaged, and how to ensure cultural and community connections are respected and supported to update recovery plans accordingly. We also discuss the critical challenges and the ethical dimensions of using cryobanked materials. Our goal is to provide conservation managers with a transferable framework applicable beyond any single species or jurisdiction.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70404","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149100012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local perceptions of Asiatic black bear conservation in a subsistence agriculture community of Mustang, Nepal","authors":"Sangam Poudel,&nbsp;Binita Timilsina,&nbsp;Saugat Poudel,&nbsp;Suman Bhattarai","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70407","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Human–wildlife interactions involving the Asiatic black bear (<i>Ursus thibetanus</i>) present significant challenges for coexistence in Nepal. Despite the vulnerable status, this species remains understudied in Nepal, particularly concerning the threats it encounters and the perspectives of local people toward its conservation. Accordingly, this study aimed to assess perceived threats to Asiatic black bears, analyze crop use patterns, and understand local people's perceptions influencing conservation efforts for this species in Mustang district. Data collection methods included preliminary surveys, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and household surveys. The nonparametric chi-square test was used for perception analysis, regression and ANOVA tests for crop loss estimation, and the Friedman test for threat analysis. Forest fires were identified as the most perceived threat to bears. Maize and buckwheat were reported as the most frequently foraged crops, likely reflecting both their availability and seasonal attractiveness to bears. Crop foraging showed significant correlations with locals' conservation attitudes and croplands' proximity to forests. The majority of respondents held negative perceptions toward bear conservation, which might be due to their personal experience in interactions with bears and the lack of adequate response of authority in addressing their loss. Because this study primarily relies on self-reported perspectives from local communities, it captures important experiential and perceptual dimensions of human–wildlife interactions. Complementing this approach with additional socioecological data would further strengthen the basis for developing effective conflict-resolution strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70407","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149100363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thirty-year elephant population trends across 93 South African reserves and the implications for conservation management","authors":"Timothy Kuiper,&nbsp;Matthew Child,&nbsp;Jeanetta Selier,&nbsp;Pieter Olivier,&nbsp;Michael Mole,&nbsp;Andrew Purdon,&nbsp;Res Altwegg","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70386","url":null,"abstract":"<p>While ivory poaching has driven elephant declines across much of Africa, South Africa's populations have expanded steadily, sparking debate over ecological impacts and population control. Yet these debates have lacked a harmonized, long-term national evidence base. To address this gap, we analyzed 30-year (1991–2021) population trends and current densities across 93 South African elephant populations. Owing to numerous translocations and sustained growth within reserves (mean 5.4 ± 7.9% p.a.), South Africa's national elephant population increased from ~8900 individuals across five reserves in 1991 (95% confidence interval: 5942–11,886) to ~39,400 across 93 reserves in 2021 (28,624–50,494). Most elephants (73%) occurred in Kruger National Park, while most populations (70%) occurred on private reserves/properties. Three findings carry direct management implications. First, most populations remain on a growth trajectory: over the past decade, 42% increased steadily (1%–5% p.a.) and 30% rapidly (&gt;5% p.a.), with the largest 25 (&gt;100 individuals) growing fastest. Second, despite this growth, most reserves support small, low-density populations: in 2021, 63% (<i>n</i> = 59) had &lt;50 elephants and 70% (<i>n</i> = 65) had &lt;0.5 elephants/km². Third, only 12 populations exceeded 1 elephant/km², and these were predominantly clustered in the Greater Kruger region; they were also large (median 620 individuals) and fast growing (median 3.9% p.a.). Overall, South Africa's elephant recovery represents a conservation success. A few high-density populations may be approaching ecological thresholds and pose management challenges due to their large size, whereas for most populations high densities are not yet a concern and may even underdeliver positive megaherbivore functions. Further work is needed to clarify the context-specific influence of elephant density, fire, rainfall, and other drivers on ecological impact. Our study highlights the policy value of a single, standardized national dataset that integrates counts and uncertainty to support evidence-based, spatially differentiated management of this increasingly complex national meta-population.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70386","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}