Conservation Science and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Public pathways to influencing pro-nature decision-making in government: A case study in southeastern Australia","authors":"Lily M. van Eeden,&nbsp;Liam Smith,&nbsp;Sarah Bekessy,&nbsp;Stephen Dovers,&nbsp;Kim W. Lowe,&nbsp;Fern M. Hames","doi":"10.1111/csp2.13295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13295","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The biodiversity crisis calls for more collective effort, and a close examination of the tools available to effect change. We documented insider knowledge into how pro-nature decision-making can be influenced in the Australian state of Victoria, focusing on the role of public advocacy targeting government. We interviewed 12 experts who currently or previously held influential roles in government or advocacy-focused environmental non-government organizations (ENGOs) and used thematic analysis to explore their responses. Experts described influence from individuals, grassroots groups, or ENGOs, and factors shaping success. These included attributes of the decision-making context, having resources and commitment to see out long-term change, having relevant networks, and being able to act when opportunities arise. Barriers described included lack of environmental literacy among the public and some decision-makers, biodiversity concern being crowded out by climate change concern, and the difficulty of shifting from incremental to systemic change. Understanding these factors can better equip advocates to have impact. Democratic governments recognize that societies make progress where there is two-way exchange between public and state, so should foster public pathways toward political engagement in conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.13295","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143397386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the effectiveness and influencing factors of vegetation protection in national nature reserves on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau","authors":"Le Qin,&nbsp;Yueheng Ren,&nbsp;Yanpeng Zhu,&nbsp;Boyan Li,&nbsp;Mengdi Fu,&nbsp;Shengnan Ji,&nbsp;Weiwei Liu,&nbsp;Dongdong Qiu","doi":"10.1111/csp2.13309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13309","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Protected areas are the cornerstone of national and global efforts to mitigate biodiversity loss. This study focused on the national nature reserves (NNRs) of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), using a long-term series of NDVI data from 2010 to 2020 to assess the effectiveness of vegetation protection across the entire region. By employing a multiple regression model, we accounted for 71% of the variation in the NDVI change rate, indicating a goodness of fit (<i>R</i>-squared) that indicated an interplay between factors such as the natural environment, management capabilities, human-mediated disturbance, and population density in shaping vegetation protection effectiveness within the NNRs of the QTP. The managerial capacity, natural environment, population, and human-mediated disturbance factors contributed 46.0%, 37.5%, 11.4%, and 5.1%, respectively, of the total. The regression analysis findings highlight the crucial role that environmental elements play in the success of conservation by showing that latitude, longitude, elevation, and average annual precipitation all have a major impact on the effectiveness of NNRs. The effectiveness of conservation is significantly positively impacted by province and per capita patrol area, and negatively by per capita management area. Practical conservation and management solutions appropriate for the NNRs of the QTP are also offered to meet current challenges and management restrictions. These suggestions are meant to help the QTP function as an ecological security barrier more successfully.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.13309","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143397245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperate forests of high conservation value are successfully identified by satellite and LiDAR data fusion","authors":"Jakob J. Assmann,&nbsp;Pil B. M. Pedersen,&nbsp;Jesper E. Moeslund,&nbsp;Cornelius Senf,&nbsp;Urs A. Treier,&nbsp;Derek Corcoran,&nbsp;Zsófia Koma,&nbsp;Thomas Nord-Larsen,&nbsp;Signe Normand","doi":"10.1111/csp2.13302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13302","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Forest ecosystems will play a critical role in achieving policy targets for biodiversity and conservation, such as those set out in the EU Biodiversity strategy for 2030. However, practitioners need to know where forests of high conservation value are to make the best-informed decisions about which forests to prioritize. Here, we combine airborne LiDAR (airborne laser scanning/ALS), optical satellite imagery, and gridded datasets on soil and water availability with machine learning models to predict forests' conservation value across Denmark. We then use change-detection algorithms to identify forests that had been disturbed since the collection of the LiDAR data to produce up-to-date estimates for the year 2020. Our models reached a high predictive capacity (82% accuracy) and suggested that 1982 km² (~31%) of Denmark's forests were of potential high conservation value. Our study demonstrates the utility of data fusion approaches to identify forest areas of high value for conservation at fine spatial resolutions (~10–100 m) and nationwide extents. However, uncertainties remain in our approach. Hence, our findings should be used to guide field-based assessments to confirm the in situ conservation value of the forests. Only in combination with such in situ data will approaches like ours enable decision makers to better protect forest biodiversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.13302","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143397244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hot child in the city: Drivers of urban buffelgrass presence in Tucson, Arizona","authors":"Katherine A. Hovanes,&nbsp;Elise S. Gornish,&nbsp;Sawyer Thies,&nbsp;Elizabeth Baldwin,&nbsp;Lia Ossanna,&nbsp;Elena Dosamantes,&nbsp;Aaron Lien","doi":"10.1111/csp2.13297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13297","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Invasive species distributions and ecological impacts in natural ecosystems have been broadly studied, but invasive species urban distributions and impacts on human populations warrant further investigation. Urban areas are highly disturbed environments at high risk of invasion by non-native species, and urban infrastructure can influence the dispersal and abundance of invasive species. Furthermore, in areas with concentrated human populations, invasive species may pose a risk to human as well as native biota. Here, we examine (1) how high-traffic roadways and the presence of suitable habitat influence buffelgrass abundance in residential areas and (2) whether buffelgrass differentially invades residential areas across socioeconomic levels and racial diversity indices in Tucson, Arizona. We found that, within residential areas, the presence of vacant lots was positively associated with buffelgrass abundance; however, there was no relationship between other suitable habitat types and buffelgrass abundance. We found no relationship between road type and buffelgrass abundance in residential areas. We found that lower-income communities were more likely to be invaded by buffelgrass, but there was no relationship between racial diversity index and buffelgrass abundance. Understanding drivers of invasive species presence and abundance in urban areas is necessary to inform urban management strategies to prevent spread to surrounding wildlands.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.13297","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143397229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Web-based ecological evidence entry form enables consistent, accessible extraction and visualization for synthesis applications","authors":"Caroline E. Ridley,&nbsp;Casey Hansen,&nbsp;Peter Byrley,&nbsp;Tara Greaver,&nbsp;S. Douglas Kaylor,&nbsp;R. Byron Rice,&nbsp;Kate A. Schofield,&nbsp;Andrew Shapiro","doi":"10.1111/csp2.13278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13278","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Applying scientific evidence to conservation, environmental management, and policy-making improves outcomes. When synthesizing existing evidence, substantial resources are required to access and read scientific publications and extract and analyze decision-relevant information. To improve this process, we developed a free, publicly available, web-based evidence entry form tailored to extract information about cause-effect relationships from ecological publications. The form enables storage, retrieval, reuse, and visualization of qualitative and quantitative ecological and environmental evidence extracted from publications. Evidence can be analyzed for a wide range of synthesis purposes (e.g., causal assessments, hypothesis testing) and approaches (e.g., rapid reviews, meta-analyses). The database schema underlying the form logically relates information about (a) a publication, (b) its experimental design(s), and (c) reported cause-effect relationships. An ontology of controlled terminology enables consistent extraction and characterization of causes and effects across users, facilitating evidence reuse. Future capabilities include customization of terminology and incorporation of study quality information.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.13278","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143397391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in human diet, and rice agriculture as a result of international agricultural policies, are impacting the persistence of Korean treefrogs","authors":"Amaël Borzée,&nbsp;Minjae Baek,&nbsp;Hyunah Choi,&nbsp;Bernhard Seliger","doi":"10.1111/csp2.13294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13294","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Species conservation is generally linked to a wide variety of threats, which might sometimes reflect changes in socioeconomic standards and policies. Here, we demonstrated how treefrog conservation is related to diet preferences, rice agriculture, and international rice trade policies. While rice has been a staple food for over 1000s of years in Korea, recent human-related developments and changes in diet, strengthened by national and international agricultural policies, have resulted in a decrease in rice consumption in the nation. As a result, two treefrog species (<i>Dryophytes suweonensis</i> and <i>Dryophytes flaviventris</i>) restricted to rice paddies for breeding are severely declining due to habitat loss, and they are now under threat of extinction. The efforts of the government to boost rice consumption might support the conservation of the species, although the long-term availability of breeding sites is uncertain, and ultimately, some of the agricultural wetlands should become protected and progressively transformed into functional natural wetlands.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.13294","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wild boar hunting and trapping as a threat for wildlife conservation on Sumatra, Indonesia","authors":"Erlinda C. Kartika,&nbsp;Ardi Andono,&nbsp;Ignas M. A. Heitkönig","doi":"10.1111/csp2.13285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13285","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wild pig has one of the widest geographic distributions of terrestrial mammals. Dog-assisted wild pig hunting may reduce crop raiding but also elevates the potential disease transmission from dogs to wildlife and vice versa. On Sumatra, game hunting tends to focus on wild pig, where hunters either actively use dogs or firearms, or passively use snares. Our objectives are to understand: (1) the extent of active and passive wild pig hunting in Sumatra; (2) dog-assisted hunting practices; (3) potential disease transmission by hunting dogs to game. We conducted three types of data collection to cover the wide range of hunting techniques: (1) information from social media (i.e., Facebook) about dog-assisted wild pig hunting events in West Sumatra; (2) a questionnaire-guided survey among hunters around the Batanghari Protected Forest, West Sumatra; (3) expert interviews from provincial conservation offices about wild pig hunting practices in Sumatra. Active and passive wild pig hunting occurred in Sumatra. Firearm and snare hunting occurred in all eight provinces while dog-assisted hunting occurred only in six provinces. We documented at least 1331 dog-assisted wild pig hunting events which occurred in 2019 across the province of West Sumatra. The number of hunting parties and dog-assisted hunting group members on Facebook showed a dramatic increase between 2020 and 2022. Many dogs used for hunting are reportedly not vaccinated (35%), risking transmission of diseases like Rabies and Canine Distemper Virus to game and wild predators. Hunting is inadequately regulated, rendering enforcement of these regulations impossible. The extent of wild pig hunting has yet been unquantified but likely will have strong effects on the remaining wildlife populations. We call for proper quantification of hunting bags, and regulation, including the use and health status of dogs, to prevent disease transmission from dogs to wild animals and to protect remaining wildlife populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.13285","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jaguar density estimation in Mexico: The conservation importance of considering home range orientation in spatial capture–recapture","authors":"Sean M. Murphy,&nbsp;Victor H. Luja","doi":"10.1111/csp2.13301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13301","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accurate estimation of population parameters for imperiled wildlife is crucial for effective conservation decision-making. Population density is commonly used for monitoring imperiled species across space and time, and spatial capture–recapture (SCR) models can produce unbiased density estimates. However, many imperiled species are restricted to fragmented remnant habitats in landscapes severely modified by humans, which can alter animal space use in ways that violate typical SCR model assumptions, possibly cryptically biasing density estimates and misinforming conservation actions. Using data from a two-year camera-trapping survey in the Central Pacific Coast region, Mexico, we demonstrate the potential importance to endangered jaguar (<i>Panthera onca</i>) conservation of considering non-circular home ranges when estimating population density with SCR. Strong evidence existed that jaguars had elliptical home ranges wherein movements primarily occurred along linearly arranged coastal habitats that the camera array aligned with. Accounting for this movement with the SCR anisotropic detection function transformation, density estimates were 30%–32% higher than estimates from standard SCR models that assumed circular home ranges. Given much of suitable jaguar habitat in Mexico is fragmented and linearly oriented along coastlines and mountain ranges, accommodating irregular space use in SCR may be critical for obtaining reliable density estimates to inform effective jaguar conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.13301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143397045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endangered species lack research on the outcomes of conservation action","authors":"A. D. Binley,&nbsp;L. Haddaway,&nbsp;R. Buxton,&nbsp;K. M. Lalla,&nbsp;D. Lesbarreres,&nbsp;P. A. Smith,&nbsp;J. R. Bennett","doi":"10.1111/csp2.13304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13304","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Given widespread biodiversity declines, there is an urgent need to ensure that conservation interventions are working. Yet, evidence regarding the effectiveness of conservation actions is often lacking. Using a case study of 209 terrestrial species listed as Endangered in Canada, we conducted a literature review to collate the evidence base on conservation actions to: (1) explore the outcomes of actions documented for each species and (2) identify knowledge gaps. Action-oriented research constituted only 2% of all peer-reviewed literature across target species, and for 61% of species, we found no literature investigating outcomes of conservation actions. Protected areas, habitat creation, artificial shelter, and alternative farming practices were broadly beneficial for most species for which these actions were assessed. Habitat restoration actions were most frequently studied, but 38% of these actions were harmful, ineffective, or demonstrated mixed results. The effectiveness of prescribed burns, alternative timber harvesting approaches, and vegetation control was examined for the greatest number of species, yet 17%–30% of these actions demonstrated negative effects. Our synthesis demonstrates a lack of published evidence for many actions implemented for the recovery of species at risk of extinction, highlighting an alarming gap in the conservation literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.13304","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143397042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the effectiveness of fortified livestock enclosures as a human-carnivore conflict mitigation tool in Tanzania's Ruaha landscape","authors":"Ana Grau,&nbsp;Jonathan Salerno,&nbsp;Tom Hilton,&nbsp;Asanterabi Lowasa,&nbsp;Alayne Cotterill,&nbsp;Amy J. Dickman","doi":"10.1111/csp2.13299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13299","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Conflict with humans, particularly over livestock predation, poses a severe and continuing threat to the conservation of large carnivores, particularly in reserve-adjacent and unprotected areas. Such conflict also inflicts substantial costs on people living alongside large carnivores. Though conflict is complex, attacks upon livestock are one of the factors that drive immediate hostility toward carnivores, inflict economic damage upon livestock-keepers, and can lead to retaliatory and preventative carnivore killing. Many conflict mitigation and livestock protection approaches exist, but it is crucial to examine their effectiveness. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of fortified livestock enclosures in reducing predation of livestock in an area surrounding Ruaha National Park in southern Tanzania. These fortified enclosures are built with chain-link fences and are aimed to replace the traditional enclosures built with acacia thorn branches. We implemented a before-after-control-impact (BACI) design to test the short-term impacts of the fortified enclosure intervention. We then conducted a cost–benefit analysis (CBA) based on costs of construction of fortified enclosures and benefits accruing as prevented livestock depredation. Finally, we tested the hypothesis that fortified enclosures would diminish in effectiveness over time as carnivores become habituated, the fortification deteriorates due to lack of maintenance, and/or predation risk would increase. For the long-term analysis, we used monthly data from 758 livestock-keeping households from 2010 to 2016. Across both short- and long-term analyses, fortified enclosures were effective at reducing the odds of experiencing predation of livestock by carnivores by 94% and 60%, respectively. Based on mean predation rates (c. 0.10 livestock month) and observed reductions, the benefit/cost ratios over 5 years of construction of a fortified enclosure with metal or wooden poles are 3.36 and 7.89, respectively, when subsidized. Our study contributes actionable evidence on the impact of an intervention to inform conservation strategies supporting human–carnivore coexistence.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.13299","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}