Conservation Science and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Bird-of-prey decals on transparent noise barriers mitigate bird collisions, though not as much as dot-patterned stickers","authors":"Na Young Koh,&nbsp;Soo Hyung Eo","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70067","DOIUrl":"10.1111/csp2.70067","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Global annual bird mortality resulting from building window collisions is estimated to be billions. This study examined the impact of physical factors, including height, length, area, and the presence and type of mitigation stickers, on the number of bird collisions. The observational study was conducted from May to September 2021 in South Korea, focusing on 29 transparent noise barriers: 12 without mitigation stickers, 13 with bird-of-prey silhouettes, and 4 with dot stickers. Bird collisions were systematically recorded, and differences in collision numbers among different physical components of the barriers were analyzed using GLMs. We found a total of 297 collisions of 27 species. We found that the height of transparent noise barriers and the presence of mitigation stickers affected mortality. Our results highlight that attaching bird-of-prey decals reduces bird collisions, though not as much as dot-patterned stickers.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Culvert baffle design to improve fish passage for small-bodied fishes: A rapid evidence synthesis","authors":"Paul A. Franklin,&nbsp;Cindy F. Baker","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70082","DOIUrl":"10.1111/csp2.70082","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Culverts are one of the most prevalent barriers to the upstream movement of small-bodied fishes. Installation of baffles, structures designed to modify flows, within culverts is one of the main solutions for overcoming the impact of high water velocities on fish movements. The objective of this rapid evidence synthesis was to review and summarize the evidence on the effectiveness of different culvert baffle designs for improving the abundance and diversity of small-bodied fish successfully migrating upstream through culverts. The overall weight of evidence indicates that the addition of baffles generally increases overall passage success compared with control treatments with no baffles. However, effectiveness cannot be determined based on simple passage efficiency metrics alone. Multiple lines of evidence are emerging to indicate that turbulence within baffle arrays can significantly delay upstream movements. A consensus is emerging that baffles that minimize the generation of large recirculation zones while maximizing the area of low-velocity boundary layers (i.e., spoiler, vertical, and longitudinal baffles) are most suitable for improving the upstream passage of small-bodied fishes. However, there remain significant knowledge gaps and an urgent need for comparative assessments of baffle performance alongside ongoing innovation to refine and optimize baffle designs for small-bodied species.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70082","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stakeholders' priorities for management of a restored elk (Cervus canadensis) population in northeast Minnesota","authors":"Kyle A. Smith,&nbsp;Adam C. Landon,&nbsp;Eric M. Walberg,&nbsp;David C. Fulton,&nbsp;Michael W. Schrage,&nbsp;Nicholas P. McCann,&nbsp;James D. Forester","doi":"10.1111/csp2.13200","DOIUrl":"10.1111/csp2.13200","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wildlife reintroduction projects are an important tool for restoring traditional wildlife heritage, increasing species diversity, providing subsistence and sport hunting and other recreational opportunities, and assisting ecosystem adaption to future climate change. In Minnesota, the Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa and some conservationists advocate for the expansion of existing elk range to other parts of the state. For reintroduction projects to be successful, it is helpful if managers understand stakeholders' preferences for management objectives. We used best-worst scaling (BWS) to assess residents' preferences for management objective alternatives. The University of Minnesota, in collaboration with the Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa and the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, conducted a mail-back questionnaire of landowners (<i>n</i> = 4500) and the general public (<i>n</i> = 4000) in northeastern Minnesota to determine their attitudes toward elk reintroduction. Results suggest that the most preferred objectives were minimizing negative impacts on existing wildlife populations and reintroducing native species. In contrast, the least important objectives were related to providing elk viewing opportunities or maximizing economic opportunities through elk-related tourism. These findings help inform management objectives related to the reintroduction proposal, provide insight to minimize potential conflict and help develop future communication material related to elk reintroduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.13200","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144646810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balancing ethics and conservation: Assessing short-term behavioral impacts of biopsy sampling in a recovering whale population","authors":"Leena Riekkola,&nbsp;Simon Childerhouse,&nbsp;Rochelle Constantine,&nbsp;Ros Cole,&nbsp;Robert Harcourt,&nbsp;Dorothea Heimeier,&nbsp;Dave Lundquist,&nbsp;Catherine Meyer,&nbsp;Mike Ogle,&nbsp;Debbie Steel,&nbsp;Esther Stuck,&nbsp;Aimee van der Reis,&nbsp;Emma L. Carroll","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70077","DOIUrl":"10.1111/csp2.70077","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Long-term monitoring programs based on individual identification have provided a sound basis for monitoring the status of endangered and recovering species. However, the impact of such research needs to be understood relative to the benefit gained. Here, we present a case study of a population that has been studied using genetic monitoring since 1995, the New Zealand southern right whale (<i>Eubalaena australis;</i> tohorā). Tissue samples for genetic monitoring were collected using a remote biopsy system, an approach used widely in marine mammal research. Under most ethical frameworks, this is considered a minor impact of short duration, but perceived or potential impact limits sampling of some demographic classes (e.g., calves). We used data collected during surveys from 2020 to 2022 to measure short-term behavioral impact of biopsy sample collection, with 748 responses collected over 52 days in the field from 524 individual whales. Biopsy sampling was overwhelmingly of minimal impact: the majority (90%) of biopsy responses were classified as either ‘no response’ (46%, <i>n</i> = 341) or ‘weak response’ (44%, <i>n</i> = 326). This study also supports previous work that calves do not show a greater reaction to biopsy sampling than adults. The behavior of the whales prior to being approached for biopsy sampling significantly affected the response elicited, but there was no measurable cumulative impact of multiple sampling, based on within-year (<i>n</i> = 113) or between-year (<i>n</i> = 21) comparisons. Genetic data from this monitoring project has been used to revise the conservation status of the population, to demonstrate the effectiveness of conservation polices and to understand circumpolar stock structure. Overall, this study confirms that biopsy sampling is a minimally invasive, data-rich collection method that provides a wealth of information for conservation and management of whales. It typically causes only a minor, short-term behavioral disturbance with wounds that, based on other studies, heal quickly and without discernible adverse health effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144646894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The values of ecosystem services inside and outside of protected areas in eastern and southern Africa","authors":"Falko T. Buschke,&nbsp;Claudia Capitani","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70076","DOIUrl":"10.1111/csp2.70076","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Conservation policies often take for granted the importance of protected areas for supplying ecosystem services. The first edition of the <i>State of Protected and Conserved Areas in Eastern and Southern Africa</i> report contained limited information on ecosystem services, so for the 2nd edition we statistically compared 561 standardized economic values of various types of ecosystem services inside and outside of protected areas. We found that data from local and sub-national case studies in the Ecosystem Service Valuation Database were biased geographically, highlighting major evidence gaps for most of the region. For well-studied countries (Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda), the value of ecosystem services varied considerably across different types of services but were—on average—three to six times higher outside protected areas. This trend was not universal, however, given that opportunities for recreation and tourism tended to be higher within protected areas. Combined, these findings suggest that conservation authorities across Eastern and Southern Africa (1) prioritize ecosystem service valuation studies; (2) expand the focus of ecosystem service policies to include wider landscapes beyond protected area boundaries; and (3) avoid generic assumptions about ecosystem services by identifying the services that are most compatible with the broader goals of protected areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70076","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144646895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges and priorities for climate-informed invasive species management across multiple scales","authors":"Annette E. Evans,&nbsp;Laura Brewington,&nbsp;Carrie Brown-Lima,&nbsp;Emily Fusco,&nbsp;Rachel M. Gregg,&nbsp;Deah Lieurance,&nbsp;Elliott W. Parsons,&nbsp;R. Chelsea Nagy,&nbsp;Lindsey Thurman,&nbsp;Toni Lyn Morelli","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70074","DOIUrl":"10.1111/csp2.70074","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent decades, substantial evidence has accumulated regarding the effects of climate change on the establishment, spread, and impact of invasive species. While the importance of incorporating climate change into invasive species management and policy is increasingly recognized, practitioner experiences and perspectives are often overlooked. Consequently, invasive species research may be misaligned with the needs of managers and the threats of climate change. Here, we compare survey responses from a boundary-spanning organization, the Regional Invasive Species and Climate Change (RISCC) Management Network, to identify common priorities and challenges in managing invasive species in a changing climate in the United States. Survey respondents reported that 22% of management and research time is dedicated to emerging invasive species threats. Common barriers to climate-informed invasive species management include limited time, funding, and personnel. Understanding how climate change may impact control strategies was consistently identified as a high priority for invasive species management, followed by identifying resilient ecosystems and range-shifting taxa. These results demonstrate the critical need for stronger researcher-practitioner networks and greater investment in research and policy topics that more closely align with management needs to address the interacting stressors of invasive species and climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144646891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using constructed value of information to evaluate research needs in conservation strategy assumptions","authors":"David M. Martin,&nbsp;Kristin A. Fisher,&nbsp;Amy D. Jacobs,&nbsp;Matthew K. Houser,&nbsp;Su Fanok","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70080","DOIUrl":"10.1111/csp2.70080","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The foundation of any learning-based management process is a clear justification for the need to reduce uncertainty. A research team at The Nature Conservancy used constructed value of information analysis (CVOI) to prioritize which sources of uncertainty to reduce for a conservation strategy that offers conservation practices through farming industry advisors in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, USA. Seven causal assumptions related to human behavior were developed for the strategy. The team implemented synthesis reviews of three CVOI metrics. The evidence metric measured the magnitude and quality of uncertainty associated with the assumption. The relevance metric measured the degree to which actions that might reduce uncertainty would improve desired outcomes. The reducibility metric measured the degree to which uncertainty could be reduced through time, resource investment, and inference reliability. The team applied constructed ratio scales for evidence and relevance and a constructed ordinal scale for reducibility to the assumptions individually. CVOI was calculated as the product of evidence and relevance metrics, and the assumptions were graphically displayed based on their CVOI and reducibility scores. Results indicated that learning-based management should focus on promoting conservation incentives in advisor business models, seeking the best incentive that farmers are willing to accept, and assuring that farmers implement conservation practices over time. This study demonstrated decision analysis methods, and we highlighted several advantages and challenges of using the CVOI methodology to guide future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Illegal trade of crocodylians in Colombia: Spatiotemporal dynamics and implications on conservation efforts","authors":"Edison D. Bonilla-Liberato,&nbsp;Maria C. Ojeda-Rojas,&nbsp;Venetia Briggs-Gonzalez,&nbsp;Frank J. Mazzotti,&nbsp;Sergio A. Balaguera-Reina","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70064","DOIUrl":"10.1111/csp2.70064","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Crocodylian conservation efforts have encountered significant obstacles from species overhunting to negative local perception. While conservation strategies such as sustainable use have helped the recovery of several crocodylian species around the world, its effectiveness has been limited by illegal wildlife trade as well as changes in control and trade policies. We assessed the spatiotemporal dynamics of illegal crocodylian trade in Colombia from 2010 to 2022 based on data collected by regional and district environmental authorities and discussed its implications on conservation efforts. Illegal trade of crocodylians in Colombia has been predominantly characterized by spectacled caimans (<i>Caiman crocodilus</i>, 97.37%). However, most of the species inhabiting the country (especially American crocodiles—<i>Crocodylus acutus</i> and black caiman—<i>Melanosuchus niger</i>) have been seized/confiscated at least once by law enforcement in the last decade, with the exception of Orinoco crocodiles (<i>Crocodylus intermedius</i>). Illegal trade was most prominent in departments from the Caribbean region especially those with spectacled caiman farms. A generalized additive model (deviance explained 55.9%, effect estimate = 7.35 ± 0.18, <i>n</i> = 13) showed very strong evidence of an effect of CITES exports (leather products and in a lesser extend tails) on the number of spectacled caimans illegally traded in Colombia, meaning spectacled caiman leather products and tails were able to predict illegally traded spectacled caiman in the country. Overall, local demand, cultural practices, and low economic conditions appear to exacerbate illegal trade of crocodylian in Colombia.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144646915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful first rehabilitation and release of an endangered Ethiopian wolf","authors":"Sandra Lai,&nbsp;Getachew Asefa,&nbsp;Muktar Abute,&nbsp;Girma Eshete,&nbsp;Don-Jean Léandri-Breton,&nbsp;Fekede Regassa,&nbsp;Claudio Sillero-Zubiri,&nbsp;Jorgelina Marino","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70075","DOIUrl":"10.1111/csp2.70075","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wildlife rehabilitation is widely practiced to help injured animals recover and return to the wild, particularly benefiting endangered species that have small local populations. Here, we report the first case of a rehabilitated Ethiopian wolf that was successfully released back in the Simien Mountains. Through this case study, we documented the clinical treatment provided, recovery, and behavior of this individual during captivity, and post-release monitoring in the wild using a GPS collar. After 51 days of captivity, during which a bone fracture in the hind leg caused by a gunshot was treated, the wolf was released back. After remaining with his pack members for 22 days, the wolf dispersed and settled in an unoccupied territory, where he paired with a female and successfully sired a litter. This study provides important insights on rehabilitation and post-release monitoring that will inform conservation management of the Ethiopian wolf.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144646914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From conflict to conservation: Understanding public attitudes of hunters and conservationists toward Carpathian lynx (Lynx lynx carpathicus) in Slovakia","authors":"Peter Smolko,&nbsp;Jakub Kubala,&nbsp;Peter Klinga,&nbsp;Tibor Lebocký,&nbsp;Rudolf Kropil,&nbsp;Ján Zbranek,&nbsp;Tomáš Iľko,&nbsp;Branislav Tám,&nbsp;Marek Svitok","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70072","DOIUrl":"10.1111/csp2.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Public perception of large carnivores is heterogeneous and contrasting attitudes of various stakeholder groups may create barriers to effective management. The most prominent disparities occur between hunters and conservationists. While dissatisfaction among hunters may lead to increased instances of illegal killing as a form of protest, conservationists' disapproval can impact public opinion, potentially eroding trust in management policy. We conducted a survey across Slovakia (<i>n</i> = 1071) to understand how different stakeholders perceive current management of the Eurasian lynx (<i>Lynx lynx</i>) and to identify key commonalities and potential conflicts of interests. We found broad consensus among stakeholders regarding high intrinsic value of lynx in Slovak nature and low potential for conflict regarding livestock damages caused by lynx. Majority of respondents, including hunters (63%), foresters (63%), and farmers (62%), supported the legal protection of lynx in Slovakia. Our study also demonstrates widespread support of the Slovak public (75%–88%) for reintroduction programs using Slovak lynx population as a resource. However, the majority of respondents (65%–75%) supported using primarily orphans and rehabilitated lynx for these programs. The greatest polarization between hunters and conservationists was observed in issues related to lynx population status and lynx heaving an impact on roe deer population. Approximately half of hunters believed lynx population over the past 20 years increased and that lynx poses a threat to the roe deer population, with over a third advocating for legal lynx hunting. These attitudes likely lead to the relatively widespread illegal killing on over ~50% of the lynx distribution range in Slovakia. Our data suggest that increasing public awareness of lynx, implementing adaptive science-based management, and involving hunters in citizen science and management decisions might be the most effective way to develop policies balancing conservation goals with the socio-cultural context of human-large carnivore coexistence.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144646839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}