Conservation Science and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Successful phased-release reintegration of captive-origin cheetah for metapopulation supplementation","authors":"Allison A. Muller,&nbsp;Willem Briers-Louw,&nbsp;Marna Smit,&nbsp;Nynke Wemer,&nbsp;Olivia Sievert,&nbsp;Alison J. Leslie,&nbsp;Vincent N. Naude","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70377","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Conservation programs increasingly require consideration of rehabilitated individuals for translocations to reduce pressure on highly threatened wild populations. Such supplementation remains controversial due to the influence of captivity on natural behaviors. However, determining the relative conservation value of translocations requires quantifiable measures of success through post-release monitoring over defined timescales. This case-study evaluates the short-term translocation success of captive-origin cheetah (<i>Acinonyx jubatus</i>) after phased-release reintegration into the wild in South Africa. After phased-release training, collared cheetah (<i>n</i> = 12) were released into fenced metapopulation reserves (<i>n</i> = 7) and monitored intensively (2019–2021). Monthly home-range size and overlap, as well as habitat use stabilized within 6 months for all individuals, with significant deviations representing confirmed denning events. A metapopulation-specific cheetah body condition score was used in parallel with kill-site cluster analysis to support direct prey consumption observations as a novel monitoring tool. While three cheetah suffered natural mortalities during the monitoring period, all females successfully mated within the first 4 months post-release. To date, these reintegrated cheetah have contributed toward 36 first- and 19 second-generation cubs, 33 of which reached independence and integrated into the wild-born metapopulation, supplementing growth, but also providing critical demographic and genetic resilience. Rapidly evaluating such translocation success through monitoring directly informs post-release carnivore management.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70377","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Governing wildlife, building trust: An assessment of United States wildlife commission composition, policy guidance, and decision-making transparency","authors":"Iree Wheeler,&nbsp;L. Embere Hall,&nbsp;John L. Koprowski,&nbsp;Joseph D. Holbrook,&nbsp;Temple Stoellinger,&nbsp;Kelly H. Dunning","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70354","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the United States, wildlife management policies are often developed through citizen wildlife commissions or boards that guide agency decision-making while balancing diverse stakeholder interests. Despite their central role in wildlife governance, little information exists regarding how these commissions are structured across states or how decision-making processes are communicated to the public. We conducted a 50-state assessment of wildlife commission composition, stakeholder representation requirements, policy guidance regarding information sources, and public-facing descriptions of decision-making processes. Of the 50 states reviewed, 47 maintain active wildlife commissions, while three states manage wildlife policy directly through agency structures. We found substantial variation in commission composition, appointment mechanisms, representation requirements, regulatory authority, and commission specificity. Geographic representation requirements were common, while explicit stakeholder representation requirements were less frequent and most often focused on agricultural and sportsperson interests. We also found considerable variation in the ways that states provide formal guidance for information use and how states communicate decision-making processes through public-facing materials. Many states provide basic information regarding commission membership and meeting schedules but offer limited information regarding how scientific information, stakeholder input, or other considerations are incorporated into commission deliberations. This study provides the first national inventory of wildlife commission structures, policy guidance, and decision transparency across the United States. By documenting variation among states, this research establishes a baseline for future studies examining relationships between governance structures, stakeholder trust, public participation, and broader wildlife governance outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70354","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating harvest risk with limited data: A case study on polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in East Greenland","authors":"Eric V. Regehr,&nbsp;Kristin L. Laidre,&nbsp;Fernando Ugarte","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70353","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Evaluating the impact of human-caused removals on wildlife is challenging, especially when population data are limited, future monitoring is uncertain, and habitat conditions are changing. The East Greenland (EG) polar bear subpopulation contains 2275 animals (95% CI = 1360–3807) and is a subsistence resource for Indigenous Peoples. We developed a state-dependent modeling and management framework to evaluate different harvest strategies for EG bears. Our approach considered sea-ice loss and followed international consensus principles for the sustainable harvest of polar bears. Over the next 34 years (approximately three polar bear generations) and assuming a 2:1 male-to-female harvest sex ratio, the starting sustainable harvest ranged from 63 bears/year in the absence of scientific monitoring, to 93 bears/year if updated demographic parameters are estimated after 15 years and used to adjust the harvest, if necessary. We also identified an intermediate harvest strategy of up to 78 bears/year that requires a moderate level of monitoring and uses a threshold harvest rule. Our findings demonstrate how monitoring can make it possible to safely implement higher sustainable harvest levels (i.e., approaching maximum sustainable yield). Our methods are relevant to wildlife managers seeking to balance demographic risk, investment in monitoring, and opportunities for subsistence use.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70353","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data, politics, and funding cause uncertainty for conservation practitioners","authors":"Courtney C. D. Robichaud,&nbsp;Christine Beaudoin,&nbsp;Tim Alamenciak,&nbsp;Jaimie G. Vincent,&nbsp;Steven J. Cooke,&nbsp;Vivian M. Nguyen,&nbsp;Richard Schuster,&nbsp;Nathan Young,&nbsp;Joseph R. Bennett","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70372","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Choosing management actions to protect biodiversity requires decisiveness amidst complexity. To identify barriers to effective conservation, we asked over 150 conservation practitioners working with the Canadian federal and provincial/territorial governments, non-government organizations, and private industry about their experience with uncertainty when making decisions. Using inductive thematic coding, we identified that “data,” “resources”, and “governance” ranked as the most significant sources of uncertainty for respondents. Practitioners also proposed solutions that would reduce their uncertainty, which included improved funding processes, better collaboration, changes to governance processes, and the use of data and evidence in decision-making. Conservation practitioners consistently mentioned elements of uncertainty that exist outside of their immediate control, indicating that substantial uncertainty in conservation decision-making occurs due to broader dynamics in governance and society.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70372","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What we know about wildlife outcomes of the conservation reserve program: A meta-analysis","authors":"M. P. Nessel,&nbsp;E. V. Lassiter,&nbsp;C. J. Duchardt,&nbsp;K. Maguire,&nbsp;J. E. Diffendorfer,&nbsp;R. Iovanna,&nbsp;S. R. Loss","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70393","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) is one of the most extensive private-land conservation programs in the United States, aimed at mitigating habitat loss and supporting biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. Individual studies of CRP effects on wildlife report mixed results, necessitating a comprehensive synthesis. We conducted a meta-analysis and vote-counting assessment of 96 studies (1009 case studies, i.e., individual analyses of a wildlife response to a CRP predictor variable) to evaluate effects on wildlife density, occurrence, reproduction, habitat use, and species diversity. Formal meta-analyses were performed for wildlife density and avian nest success. We found CRP generally benefited wildlife, with vote counting indicating positive effects in 32% of all comparisons (i.e., including comparisons to any type of non-CRP land) and in 64% of comparisons to cropland. Formal meta-analysis indicated avian nest success was significantly higher on CRP lands compared to non-CRP lands, but CRP enrollment did not consistently increase wildlife density, likely due to species-specific and ecological factors we did not account for. The literature was strongly biased toward birds (90% of case studies), with limited research on mammals, invertebrates, amphibians, and reptiles. High heterogeneity in effect sizes suggests that variation in conservation practices, study methodologies, and ecological contexts plays a critical role in shaping measured wildlife responses to CRP. Our results demonstrate CRP provides important benefits to wildlife, particularly by enhancing avian reproductive success. However, variation in wildlife effects highlights the need for studies that incorporate more detailed information on CRP management practices and increased research on non-avian taxa. Addressing these gaps may provide additional information allowing for the implementation of improved conservation strategies and maximize CRP's ecological benefits in agricultural landscapes.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70393","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary nesting season designations on Conservation Reserve Program lands: Grassland bird breeding phenology and stakeholder perspectives","authors":"Tom A. Langen,&nbsp;Margaret A. Voss,&nbsp;Dea L. Closson,&nbsp;Cooper P. Olds,&nbsp;Sean G. Jackson,&nbsp;Rick Welsh","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70397","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Obligate grassland birds have declined dramatically across North America, primarily due to habitat loss and agricultural intensification. The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) compensates landowners for converting cropland to grassland or maintaining existing grassland; it is a key program for conserving grassland birds. Under drought conditions, mowing and grazing are restricted to outside a designated primary nesting season (PNS). Using published data, we investigated how effectively PNS dates encompass the breeding period. We also interviewed CRP government administrators, grassland bird conservation NGOs, and landowners participating in CRP to discern their beliefs of the appropriateness of PNS for conserving birds while accommodating landowner needs. We find that PNS dates span the breeding of most species, but some initiate breeding before and some continue after PNS, including species of conservation concern. Stakeholders disagree on PNS suitability, but agree that CRP “manages to the most”- a compromise between bird conservation and landowner needs. We identify a benefit to extending the PNS period, a need for regular review of PNS, especially in response to climate-change driven phenology shifts, and incentives that address landowner needs while further protecting late-breeding declining grassland birds.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70397","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successes and opportunities for solutions-oriented conservation research: Lessons learned from avian science","authors":"Rachel T. Buxton,&nbsp;Miguel F. Jimenez,&nbsp;Aalia I. Khan,&nbsp;Tori D. Bakley,&nbsp;Lisha L. Berzins,&nbsp;Barbara Frei,&nbsp;Elizabeth A. Gow,&nbsp;Autumn-Lynn Harrison,&nbsp;Osvel Hinojosa-Huerta,&nbsp;Andrea R. Norris,&nbsp;Brendon Samuels,&nbsp;Douglas C. Tozer,&nbsp;Eric M. Wood,&nbsp;Theodore J. Zenzal Jr.,&nbsp;Paul A. Smith,&nbsp;Catherine Jardine,&nbsp;Mark S. Woodrey,&nbsp;Bradley Wilkinson,&nbsp;Angeles Raymundo,&nbsp;Bryan B. Lenz","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70376","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Conservation science struggles with an ongoing divide between research and action. Given its history of broad public engagement and multi-scale management coordination, avian conservation typifies many of the challenges, successes, and opportunities across the broader field of conservation and is rich with examples that may guide solutions-oriented conservation science. In semi-structured focus groups composed of bird conservation scientists and practitioners from various backgrounds, we discussed the definition, characteristics, and examples of solutions-oriented conservation science. Our discussions highlighted several examples where successful application of avian conservation science led to change in programs, policy, regulations, and social systems, including several with co-benefits for local communities. These successes were characterized by communication, collaboration, and co-development with local communities, decision-makers, practitioners, and Indigenous communities. We identified remaining opportunities for improvement, including aligning incentives and priorities between research and practice, working across disciplines to mobilize solutions, dismantling barriers to inclusion, and emphasizing the importance of relationship-building in conservation science. We outline suggestions that researchers can use to incorporate these lessons from solutions-oriented avian conservation science into training and mentoring programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70376","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pairing ecological modeling and human dimensions in structured decision making: Road management for a declining species","authors":"Brian A. Crawford,&nbsp;Clinton T. Moore,&nbsp;Terry M. Norton,&nbsp;John C. Maerz","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70378","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Natural resource managers face difficult decisions navigating competing objectives, tradeoffs, and uncertainty. Exacerbating the challenge, management of natural resources often intersects with public areas and user groups, prompting managers to consider impacts to societal interests and the diverse preferences of affected groups. Structured decision making (SDM) has emerged as an effective framework for addressing complex natural resource problems. However, few applications have incorporated substantive social science methods to more fully characterize the values and preferences from affected groups to inform decisions. We describe a collaborative SDM process to identify management decisions that best address road threats to a declining species, the diamondback terrapin (<i>Malaclemys terrapin</i>), in coastal Georgia, USA, while balancing socioeconomic objectives like human safety, satisfaction, and cost. Because this decision context affects large public user groups, we used human dimensions surveys to characterize social objectives, their relative importance, and groups' support for alternatives. We then paired this information with ecological modeling and expert judgment to predict the effects of 20 management alternatives on objective outcomes. The SDM process showed that the best- and worst-performing management strategies were consistent across all participant groups, showing agreement despite variation in the importance groups assigned to objectives. The best-performing strategy overall did not rank best for any one objective but included complementary actions (roadside barriers, warning signage, conservation awareness campaigns) that addressed multiple road-associated threats and performed well across most objectives. Our results provide direct recommendations for addressing terrapin conservation and socioeconomic goals for Georgia, with insights applicable to other road contexts. Furthermore, our study demonstrates the efficacy of using human dimensions research within an SDM framework to inform management decisions by better measuring preferences of large public groups and pairing this information alongside ecological modeling for a robust evaluation of socioecological outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70378","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of conservation lands in Mexico for safeguarding terrestrial endemic species from the human-induced extinction crisis","authors":"Erik Joaquín Torres-Romero,&nbsp;Timothy M. Eppley,&nbsp;Guillermo A. Woolrich-Piña,&nbsp;José I. González-Rojas,&nbsp;Heliot Zarza,&nbsp;Armando Sunny,&nbsp;Gerardo Ceballos","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70381","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The conservation of endemic species requires identifying areas within their range affected by human-modified landscapes, an unresolved challenge across Mexico, one of the world's most biodiverse countries. Although formally protected areas are the backbone of biodiversity conservation, there are often substantial gaps in their overall effectiveness. Here, we conducted a comprehensive national-scale analysis to assess the effectiveness of conservation lands in mitigating cumulative human impacts on endemic species of plants and animals. We processed national distributional maps for 1639 endemic species, showing the overlap of conservation lands with cumulative human impacts. We quantified overlap between species distributions, conservation lands, and human-pressure categories and evaluated differences among groups statistically. Our findings reveal that 56% and 26% of all endemic species' distribution ranges overlap ecoregions experiencing medium and high human pressure, respectively, while only 18% occur in regions with low human pressure. Biome-level analysis shows that 87% of endemic species' ranges overlap with biomes under medium human pressure, with just 13% persisting in low-impact biomes. Despite this, Protected Natural Areas overlap <b>∼</b>10% of these species' ranges, while Voluntary Conservation Use Areas and other effective Area-Based Conservation Measures overlap with <b>∼</b>1% and 3%, respectively. Our results indicate that existing conservation lands are insufficient to safeguard Mexico's endemic species, including those most at risk of extinction, thereby foreshadowing localized extirpations and potential species loss. This underscores the urgent need for a substantial expansion of conservation networks to secure biodiversity in a rapidly human-dominated landscape; however, achieving this goal will be politically, economically, and socially demanding without substantial national and international support. Our study advances understanding of these conservation challenges and, despite the potential difficulties, highlights the necessity for immediate, proactive measures to ensure the long-term persistence of Mexico's endemic species.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70381","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148699820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing the reliability of a camera-trap based abundance proxy for assessing mountain ungulate populations","authors":"Igor Khorozyan,&nbsp;Pavel Weinberg,&nbsp;Elmar Babaev,&nbsp;Parviz Fatullayev,&nbsp;Alexander Malkhasyan,&nbsp;Elshad Askerov,&nbsp;Arman Kandaryan,&nbsp;Ismayil Mammadov,&nbsp;Arash Ghoddousi,&nbsp;Tobias Kuemmerle,&nbsp;Konul Ahmadova,&nbsp;Vasil Ananian","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70364","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Monitoring wildlife abundance is important for understanding species population status and trends and, thus, for informing conservation planning and wildlife management. Yet, abundance monitoring can be challenging and costly to implement, particularly for wildlife of conservation concern occurring in remote and rugged terrain. Remotely-sensed proxies, such as the relative abundance index (RAI) based on camera-trap data, can be a useful and cost-efficient approach in such situations. However, RAI is typically assumed to be linearly, continuously, and positively related to actual abundance—the assumptions that are rarely tested. In this study, we explored how well RAI from camera-traps corresponds to direct field estimates of the abundance of the bezoar goat (<i>Capra aegagrus</i>) in the rugged mountains of the South Caucasus. Specifically, we summarized the data of RAI and count estimates obtained during the same one-month periods (all in winter) and 5 × 5 km² grid cells in 2018, 2019, and 2022, and used linear regression to determine the relationship between both measures. We found that the RAI-abundance relationship was reliable, with a positive, statistically significant, accurate and precise effect, and a large effect size. We conclude that camera-trap based RAI can be a reliable metric for winter monitoring of bezoar goats in remote and rugged mountain regions such as the South Caucasus. This offers a widely applicable, relatively low-cost pathway to upscale mountain ungulate monitoring to larger areas to inform conservation planning and wildlife management.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"8 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70364","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148699983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}