Conservation Science and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Identifying focus zones for the conservation and promotion of priority birds in Swiss farmland","authors":"Noëlle Klein,&nbsp;Antoine Adde,&nbsp;Adrienne Grêt-Regamey,&nbsp;Antoine Guisan,&nbsp;Felix Herzog,&nbsp;Philippe Jeanneret,&nbsp;Sonja Kay","doi":"10.1111/csp2.13286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13286","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Modern agriculture faces conflicting objectives—increasing agricultural production while preserving and fostering biodiversity. As intensive agricultural management threatens biodiversity, legal obligations aim to halt biodiversity loss and safeguard threatened species. In Switzerland, agricultural priority species have been defined to set environmental goals for biodiversity, with limited success so far. This study spatially defines farmland focus zones with potential for the promotion of priority species for conservation in agricultural landscapes. We overlaid information about field-level impact of agricultural activities using the Swiss Agricultural Life Cycle Assessment (SALCA-BD) as “impact of agricultural activities” with the potential distribution of Swiss priority birds. The potential distribution was assessed by aggregating predictions from species distribution models of 27 bird priority species. We identified significantly high/low values for management impact and potential distribution using hotspot analyses. Multivariate clustering was used to identify zones that should be preserved (low management impact, high bird potential) and zones where conservation measures could be promoted (high management impact, high bird potential). Zones which were minimally impacted by management and had a high potential for birds included grassland with structures, covering ca. 18% of the studied farmland. Zones with high management impacts consisted mainly of arable land with little structures, covering ca. 31% of the studied farmland, occurring mainly in the Swiss lowlands. Our results help to assess and visualize the intertwined links between agricultural management and the species inhabiting these agricultural landscapes in a spatially explicit manner. This can help to identify zones and regions for ecological promotion and set priorities for action within future agricultural policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.13286","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of the installation of basking banks on four UK reptile species in a before–after control–intervention experiment","authors":"Brian J. Pickles,&nbsp;Jenny Tse-Leon","doi":"10.1111/csp2.13282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13282","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Reptiles are often overlooked in conservation efforts. Hence, long-term population data is often unavailable, and evidence for effective conservation actions that improve reptile habitat remains scarce for most species. Here we used a before–after control–intervention (BACI) experiment to investigate the impact of basking bank creation on four co-occurring reptile species: European adder, barred grass snake, slow worm, and viviparous lizard. Long-term refuge monitoring at a UK wildlife reserve allowed population assessment before and after habitat modification. Only viviparous lizards were observed at basking banks within 12 months of construction. In subsequent years, barred grass snake observations increased near basking banks and slow worms were observed for the first time, while European adder observations increased away from banks and barred grass snake observations decreased away from banks. Our small-scale BACI study suggests basking banks attracted barred grass snakes from the surrounding area, which saw a corresponding increase in European adder sightings.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.13282","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Filling in socio-ecological knowledge gaps to support marine spatial planning in data-scarce areas: Example from Zanzibar","authors":"Elina A. Virtanen,&nbsp;Niina Käyhkö,&nbsp;Zakaria Khamis,&nbsp;Muhammad Juma Muhammad,&nbsp;Hashim Muumin,&nbsp;Mohammed Habib,&nbsp;Ville Karvinen,&nbsp;Juho Lappalainen,&nbsp;Meri Koskelainen,&nbsp;Niko Kulha,&nbsp;Markku Viitasalo","doi":"10.1111/csp2.13284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13284","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Marine spatial planning (MSP) is one of the most important tools for ensuring sustainable use of marine areas. Although MSP is a well-established method, its adoption in rapidly developing countries is a challenge. One of the main concerns is data adequacy, as the MSP process typically requires a large amount of spatial data on human activities, biodiversity, and socio-ecological interactions within the planning area. Drawing from an institutional cooperation project in Zanzibar, Tanzania, we share our experience and demonstrate how to fill in socio-ecological data gaps to support the development of MSP in areas with limited data availability. We developed a rapid and cost-effective system for collecting biological data, which, together with remote sensing and place-based participatory mapping, helped formulate the first pilot ecologically informed MSP for Zanzibar. By sharing our results and experiences, we aim to provide best practices, lessons learned, and recommendations for future projects with a similar ecological setting and socio-economic context.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.13284","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143114443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into Corncrake (Crex crex) movements in a fragmented agricultural landscape using bioacoustics with implications for nature conservation strategies","authors":"Andrea Parisi,&nbsp;James Moran,&nbsp;John Carey,&nbsp;Joanne O'Brien","doi":"10.1111/csp2.13259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13259","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Movement ecology data are often collected by catching animals and fitting GPS tags. This technique is expensive, biased and comes at an extra cost for the caught individuals. New conservation technologies allow noninvasive data collection, providing ecological knowledge to aid the conservation of endangered species. Using bioacoustics, we investigated intraseason and between-year movements of the red-listed corncrake (<i>Crex crex</i>) and their relationships with landscape structure. Our goals were to track corncrake movements with minimal disturbance to the species and determine how landscape features affect these movements. We recorded males over two consecutive breeding seasons in 2022 and 2023 in an extensively farmed agricultural landscape in the West of Ireland. Individual identity was obtained through vocal characteristics of the calling males which were grouped into clusters. The areas of seminatural grassland and margin features, presence of bird refuge strips, and habitat connectivity were extracted from buffers between locations of two matching recordings (same calling male). These landscape features were used as model predictors to determine the distance that the same male covered. We found that, in a season, males moved 415 m on average (min = 10 m; max = 1805 m) between calling locations, which was more than previously thought in the Western Europe. Males also reoccurred on average 375 m (min = 23 m; max = 1231 m) away from the previous year's location. Landscape connectivity (<i>p</i> = 0.01, <i>N</i> = 42) and seminatural grassland area (<i>p</i> = 0.02, <i>N</i> = 42) were positive predictors of intraseason movements, whereas the margin area (<i>p</i> = 0.01, <i>N</i> = 35) predicted further between-year movements. Considering our noninvasively sampled results in the Irish context, we suggest increasing the protection area around a calling male to 500 m. In this buffer, we also suggest improving the availability of seminatural grassland to 30% and presence of margin features to 3%. Further land management recommendations are provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.13259","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143113941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-benefits between biodiversity and hydrological ecosystem services allow an efficient conservation planning proposal for the Riviera Maya, Mexico","authors":"Juan Alberto Aguilar-Sánchez,&nbsp;Melanie Kolb","doi":"10.1111/csp2.13266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13266","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Including biodiversity and ecosystem services (ES) spatial priorities in reserve design through quantitative methods known as systematic conservation planning has been proposed to identify spatial solutions that achieve both elements in a spatially efficient manner. The aim of this study is to evaluate the differences between priority sites for biodiversity and hydrological ecosystem services (HES) and to identify opportunities for co-benefits that allow an efficient conservation planning proposal, using as a case study the Riviera Maya, Mexico. The results confirm the following: (1) biodiversity and HES priority sites have different spatial patterns, sharing only 24% of priority sites; (2) HES priority sites achieve a high percentage (95%) of biodiversity conservation targets, showing that they can potentially be used for biodiversity representation; and (3) integrating HES and biodiversity into one model is more efficient to represent conservation targets than considering both elements individually (46% vs. 66% of the study area). These results reflect the lack of irreplaceable sites for biodiversity conservation, and as &lt;8% of the study area is currently covered by protected areas, this means that there are numerous opportunities to align cobenefits of biodiversity and HES conservation actions.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"6 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.13266","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142860066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small actions to promote conservation and sustainability","authors":"Chris O'Halloran","doi":"10.1111/csp2.13272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13272","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the context of recent anthropogenic climate change and the alarming loss of biodiversity, urgent action is required to safeguard our life-sustaining ecosystems and implement effective sustainable conservation behavior change strategies. To attend to this concern, the present study explores the efficacy of the evidence-based Tiny Habits® method in fostering behavior change for sustainability. To this end, a case–control pilot project was conducted with a small cohort of adults randomly divided into two groups: cases and controls. Both groups engaged in a 5-day online program, selecting and practicing three Tiny Habits recipes daily. The conservation Tiny Habits group focused on sustainable actions, while the control group engaged in non-conservation activities such as relaxation. The results revealed that practicing the Tiny Habits method resulted in an immediate and sustained increase in conservation actions, with lasting changes (up to 1 month) in the participants' behavior. The mean scores for the intervention group at baseline significantly differed from those immediately and at 1 month after the intervention (<i>p</i> = .0092 and <i>p</i> = .0033). These findings suggest that the Tiny Habits method can be a viable opportunity to cultivate sustainable habits in the long term.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"6 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.13272","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons lost: Lack of requirements for post-project evaluation and reporting is hindering evidence-based conservation","authors":"Alex Caruana,&nbsp;Matthew Muir,&nbsp;Thomas B. White,&nbsp;Julia P. G. Jones","doi":"10.1111/csp2.13260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13260","url":null,"abstract":"<p>For conservation to be based on evidence, the outcomes of conservation actions need to be shared. The European Union (EU) is a major funder of conservation action in Europe through the well-studied LIFE program. Less well-known, but also funding substantial conservation action, is the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). Through a systematic review of conservation projects funded by LIFE and ERDF, we identify substantial expenditure on biodiversity conservation (€1300 M and €760 M between 2014 and 2024 respectively). We explore the extent to which LIFE and ERDF contribute to building an evidence base about the effectiveness of conservation actions. There were differences between LIFE and ERDF in the extent to which documentation about the project was publicly available (89% and 26% respectively), and large differences in whether any form of project evaluation was available (63% and 5% respectively). A possible explanation for these results is differing funder requirements regarding the monitoring and reporting of project implementation and outcomes. We explore funder requirements across a sample of other conservation funders and suggest how changes could incentivize higher quality sharing of project outcomes. This would expand the evidence base needed to improve the effectiveness of conservation actions.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"6 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.13260","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodiversity offset conditions contributing to net loss of koala Phascolarctos cinereus habitat","authors":"Hao Nguyen Tran,&nbsp;Martine Maron","doi":"10.1111/csp2.13271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13271","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Australia's offset framework requires that permitted development impacts on nationally threatened species should be fully counterbalanced using biodiversity offsets. The current offsets framework was established in 2012, the same year that the iconic koala <i>Phascolarctos cinereus</i> was listed as threatened. We examined every development impact on koala habitat that was permitted under national biodiversity laws (the EPBC Act 1999) from 2012 until the end of 2021, shortly after which the koala was uplisted from vulnerable to endangered (<i>n</i> = 98). We analyzed the application of the national environmental offset framework in each case. In this period, more than 25,000 hectares of koala habitat were approved for removal, most in the state of Queensland (96%) and for mining (76%). Although most clearing of koala habitat is attributable to agricultural activity and ostensibly requires approval under the EPBC Act, we found zero referrals for agricultural clearing. A total of 62 projects included offset requirements for koalas, but for only 14 projects could we find details used in the offset calculation. All but one appeared to include implausibly optimistic assumptions or logical errors that inflated the estimated benefit from the offset. After modifying the calculations to align with best practice guidance, we found only two of the 14 projects were likely to fully offset their impacts on koalas (average 55% of impact offset). The most common issues were overestimated benefits from averted losses and double-counting of benefits. We conclude transparency around offset requirements is generally poor, and most biodiversity offsets for koalas are unlikely to fully counterbalance losses. Despite sound, long-established policy, poor implementation means that even offsets for impacts on a highly valued species, for which offsets are ecologically plausible, are prone to failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"6 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.13271","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142862080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation in space use between sites, years and individuals for an endangered migratory shorebird has implications for coastal planning","authors":"Amanda Lilleyman,&nbsp;Amélie Corriveau,&nbsp;Stephen T. Garnett,&nbsp;Robert Bush,&nbsp;Jon Coleman,&nbsp;Richard Fuller,&nbsp;Roz Jessop,&nbsp;Ian Leiper,&nbsp;Grace Maglio,&nbsp;Gavin O'Brien,&nbsp;Damien Stanioch,&nbsp;Micha V. Jackson","doi":"10.1111/csp2.13261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13261","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Much of the annual cycle of threatened migratory shorebirds is spent in non-breeding areas, but there have been few studies on how that habitat is used at fine-scale. Tracking data from 13 endangered far eastern curlews at three Australian non-breeding locations revealed that home range size and maximum daily displacement varied substantially among study areas and between years. Home range overlap also varied with tidal cycle, generally being lower at low than high tide, though there was considerable variability across time and between sites. Variation in site fidelity may indicate behavioral flexibility but may also suggest that resources critical to survival vary between years. If the latter is the case, protection of what appears to be critical habitat in 1 year may not be adequate in subsequent years, necessitating a precautionary approach to the conservation of habitat extent over the long term. For species like the far eastern curlew, which are exceptionally hard to capture and highly threatened, tracking data should be analyzed from as many perspectives as possible to justify the cost to both researchers and birds. In this study, use of tracking data previously analyzed to reveal migration routes has yielded important insights into their ecology and optimal management.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"6 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.13261","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rewilding through inappropriate species introduction: The case of European bison in Spain","authors":"Carlos Nores,&nbsp;Diego Álvarez-Laó,&nbsp;Alberto Navarro,&nbsp;Francisco Javier Pérez-Barbería,&nbsp;Pedro María Castaños,&nbsp;Jone Castaños de la Fuente,&nbsp;Arturo Morales Muñiz,&nbsp;Concepción Azorit,&nbsp;Joaquín Muñoz-Cobo,&nbsp;Carlos Fernández Delgado,&nbsp;Carlos Granado Lorencio,&nbsp;Paul Palmqvist,&nbsp;Ramón Soriguer,&nbsp;Miguel Delibes,&nbsp;Montserrat Vilà,&nbsp;Miguel Simón,&nbsp;Baltasar Cabezudo,&nbsp;Carmen Galán,&nbsp;Emili García-Berthou,&nbsp;Ana Almodóvar,&nbsp;Benigno Elvira,&nbsp;Pedro Brufao Curiel,&nbsp;Adriá Casinos,&nbsp;Juan Herrero,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Blanco,&nbsp;Ricardo García-González,&nbsp;David Nogués-Bravo,&nbsp;Antoni Margalida,&nbsp;Brendan Fisher,&nbsp;Raphaël Arlettaz,&nbsp;Iain J. Gordon,&nbsp;Arne Ludwig,&nbsp;Sandro Lovari,&nbsp;Brian D. Cook,&nbsp;Juan Carranza,&nbsp;Sándor Csányi,&nbsp;Marco Apollonio,&nbsp;Rafał Kowalczyk,&nbsp;Steve Demarais,&nbsp;José Vicente López-Bao","doi":"10.1111/csp2.13221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13221","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Most European rewilding initiatives are based on the recovery of large herbivores, particularly European bison <i>Bison bonasus</i>, aiming at restoring ecosystem processes and increase trophic complexity. The growing support for the release of bison as a wild species, and change its legal status, in Spain, as an ecological analogue of the extinct steppe bison <i>Bison priscus</i>, makes it an excellent example to reflect the limits of a rewilding biogeographically advisable. We discuss if this initiative could be justified from ecological, biogeographical, ethical, and legal reasons. Besides remarkable taxonomic and functional differences between both bison species, the Mediterranean environment, under the present and future climatic scenarios, does not suit the European bison. Furthermore, there is no evidence to support the presumption that the European bison was ever present in the Iberian Peninsula, with legal implications. We expect that our approach will be inspirational for similar assessments on rewilding initiatives globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"6 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.13221","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}