Conservation Science and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Keystone effects of prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) on grassland birds: Current knowledge and future directions","authors":"R. Andrew Dreelin,&nbsp;Andy J. Boyce,&nbsp;Holly P. Jones","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Keystone species are critical to maintaining ecological relationships and ecosystem functioning around the world. Prairie dogs (<i>Cynomys</i> sp.) are a genus of colonial keystone species endemic to North American grasslands that modify bird community composition via ecological disturbance, but this topic has not been reviewed despite many studies on grassland bird associations with prairie dogs. We conducted a systematic literature review (<i>n</i> = 111 studies) where we assessed three hypotheses and found consistent support for each: (1) prairie dogs increase abundance of early-successional grassland birds through grazing, (2) prairie dog towns modify bird community composition compared to nearby grassland because they increase heterogeneity within grasslands at large spatial scales, and (3) prairie dogs increase raptor abundance by serving as a prey base. Significant gaps in our understanding of the effects of prairie dogs on birds remain. Most research was conducted on black-tailed prairie dogs during the bird breeding season and focused on how prairie dogs modify the occurrence and abundance of birds. Research is needed on the effects of other prairie dog species, effects on birds during the non-breeding or migratory seasons, and effects on demography, particularly for songbirds. Continued work on this topic can increase our understanding of how keystone species affect bird communities and inform conservation of grassland birds globally. Due to rapid declines of grassland birds in North America, we suggest conserving prairie dog towns as vital sources of early successional grassland and habitat heterogeneity.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Under the radar: The availability of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in South America and implications for avian scavenger populations","authors":"Kane P. J. Colston,&nbsp;Irene Bueno,&nbsp;Lucas Gelid,&nbsp;Juan Manuel Grande","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the late 1990s, diclofenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), was identified as the cause of the Old World vulture population decline on the Indian subcontinent. Diclofenac and other NSAIDs (e.g., flunixin) have also led to the mortality of other vulture species in Europe. However, the threat to raptors from these drugs on other continents remains largely unknown. We conducted a search of veterinary pharmaceutical products registered in all 10 Spanish and Portuguese-speaking countries across South America. All products containing either diclofenac or flunixin were recorded, along with the intended species and product description. We found diclofenac and flunixin are approved for veterinary use in every country searched. Many available products exist as combination therapies (combined with antibiotic drugs) or are marketed solely as antimicrobial drugs, despite containing NSAIDs. With at least 21 South American scavenging raptor species potentially susceptible to exposure to NSAIDs, the plausible risk to the majority of these species has not been evaluated to date. Coupled with a growing livestock agricultural sector across South America, there exists an urgent need to generate scientific evidence to understand the risk of these drugs to South American avian scavengers and to establish suitable management strategies to prevent future population declines.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A shift in the trade? An investigation of the eel trade reveals a likely species switch","authors":"Joshua S. Y. Choo,&nbsp;Golam Rabbani,&nbsp;Elisa X. Y. Lim,&nbsp;Benjamin J. Wainwright","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Anguillid eels have seen precipitous declines in their population sizes. Because of these declines, a number are currently designated as Endangered, Critically Endangered, or are listed on Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species Appendix II. While the export of the critically endangered <i>Anguilla anguilla</i> outside the European Union is tightly regulated, large quantities of <i>A. anguilla</i> juveniles continue to be smuggled out of the EU to Asia where they are grown in eel farms until reaching a marketable size. To investigate the prevalence and consumption of Endangered anguillids—particularly <i>A. anguilla</i>—we examined 327 individual eel products purchased across 86 retailers throughout Singapore. Identification was conducted through DNA barcoding of the COI gene. We overwhelmingly identified the American eel, <i>Anguilla rostrata</i>, which accounted for 70% of all the identifications made, while <i>A. anguilla</i> was only identified three times. These findings may indicate a shift in trade to <i>A. rostrata</i>. This shift highlights the need for improved monitoring of the eel trade, particularly the more desirable anguillids. Our results suggest that <i>A. rostrata</i> warrants specific attention, with increased enforcement and monitoring needed as proactive steps necessary to avoid the same dramatic population declines that have been documented in other anguillids.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management implications of human livelihood strategies on Madagascar's coastal landscapes","authors":"Katharine E. T. Thompson,&nbsp;Cortni Borgerson,&nbsp;Patricia C. Wright,&nbsp;Jeanne Mathilde Randriamanetsy,&nbsp;Niaina Nirina Mahefa Andriamavosoloarisoa,&nbsp;Mamy Yves Andrianantenaina,&nbsp;Théofrico Alexander Razafindrahasy,&nbsp;Ryan S. Rothman,&nbsp;Carter W. Daniels,&nbsp;Katherine J. Kling,&nbsp;Claire Surkis,&nbsp;Katheryn C. Twiss","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The unsustainable harvest and consumption of wild animals destabilizes both wildlife populations and the human livelihoods that depend upon them. In coastal landscapes, the overexploitation of terrestrial resources can increase pressures on marine ecosystems, and vice versa. We explore populations' ability to mitigate hunting pressure by bolstering marine livelihood strategies, assessing whether Malagasy people (or aggregated households) (1) transfer harvest pressure and consumption from oceans to forests in times of lower fisheries yields and (2) habitually exploit both marine and terrestrial resources. We also evaluate the diversity of fishers' and hunters' methods used and species targeted, as reliance on a limited range of resources elevates sensitivity to perturbations in resource access and forces people to shift <i>across</i> rather than <i>within</i> livelihood strategies when experiencing scarcity. We present data on annual marine and terrestrial wildlife use in western Madagascar, where cyclic droughts and famines exert pressure on local populations, and people depend on wild food sources from adjacent mangrove and dry forests. In a study village outside Kirindy Mitea National Park, we surveyed and interviewed 369 individuals (<i>N</i> = 89 households) and conducted 18 focus groups over 6 months (September 2018 to March 2019). We found that individual people tended to exclusively hunt or fish, and hunters pursued relatively few species with more specialized methods than fishers did. By distributing resource utilization across ecosystems, families likely increase household resilience. Therefore, conservation and alternative livelihood efforts will benefit from a regional-scale, multi-ecosystem approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of perceptions and demographic factors on local support for protected areas","authors":"Kamal Thapa,&nbsp;David King,&nbsp;Amy Diedrich","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Local support for protected areas (PAs) is necessary for their long-term success and is important for participatory conservation and sustainable management of PAs. However, the support for PAs depends on several factors such as perceived benefits and costs from PAs, and demographic factors. We carried out 845 household surveys in two PAs of Nepal in the Himalayas and in a lowland area (Terai). Overall, local people were supportive of PAs and had high conservation awareness. Decision-tree analyses revealed that perceptions of benefits strongly influenced the support for PAs. Among socio-demographic variables, spatial location, ethnicity, and education status influenced the support for PAs. We recommend focusing on mitigating or reducing costs that arise from the management of PAs while also providing benefits to local people. This should be prioritized for distant communities that provided the least support for PAs.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fine-tuning established morphometric models through citizen science data","authors":"Veronika N. Biskis,&nbsp;Kathy A. Townsend,&nbsp;David L. Morgan,&nbsp;Karissa O. Lear,&nbsp;Bonnie J. Holmes,&nbsp;Barbara E. Wueringer","doi":"10.1111/csp2.13308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13308","url":null,"abstract":"<p>For globally threatened species, patchy data pose challenges in both establishing historical baselines and assessing current distributions. In the case of sawfishes, much previous research has relied on amputated trophy rostra or historical photographs to fill data gaps in distribution and population estimates. However, the established morphometric models that allow the estimation of total length from rostra are restricted by the data available to generate them, with many constructed solely from juvenile morphometric data, and robust error testing rarely performed. This study generates an independent dataset from citizen science photographs and field measurements, incorporating sawfishes of all life history stages, to test the robustness of previously proposed models for the four Indo-Pacific sawfish species. Rostrum-to-length morphometric models (RLMs) were confirmed for <i>Pristis clavata</i> and <i>Pristis pristis</i>, and a new model was proposed for <i>Pristis zijsron</i>. A key source of error in previous RLMs for <i>Anoxypristis cuspidata</i> was identified as changing rostrum morphology with body size, but there were insufficient measurements in the present dataset to propose a new robust model for this species. This study highlights the problems associated with extrapolating total lengths of animals beyond the size bounds used to produce the original model. For historically exploited species like sawfishes, which are often represented in collections by trophies alone, these methods outline a critical step prior to use in further ecological study.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.13308","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using retrospective analyses to adaptively manage conservation breeding of an endangered rodent","authors":"Debra M. Shier,&nbsp;Alison L. Greggor,&nbsp;Samantha J. Leivers,&nbsp;Shauna N. D. King","doi":"10.1111/csp2.13307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13307","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The conservation of at-risk species increasingly relies on ex situ breeding programs, whose success hinges on producing offspring. Even relatively successful programs can face unseen barriers to reproductive fitness. What may seem like minor choices in husbandry and management can impact reproductive outputs, thereby reducing the effectiveness of recovery efforts. Additionally, given that many endangered species are understudied, there can be unique, fitness-relevant aspects of their reproductive biology which go undetected without further study. Retrospective analyses into long standing conservation breeding programs offer an opportunity to investigate the relative importance of decisions on the reproductive success of at-risk species within an adaptive management framework. We demonstrate the utility of this approach by analyzing the factors driving reproductive stages of copulation, pregnancy, and the production of offspring in a conservation breeding population of the Pacific pocket mouse (<i>Perognathus longimembris pacificus</i>), a U.S. federally endangered subspecies. Our findings not only provide detailed insights into the species' reproductive biology but also reveal previously unknown and potentially unique predictors of reproduction in this subspecies. For example, even small differences in the degree of male reproductive readiness influenced the likelihood of successful copulation and pregnancy that resulted from breeding opportunities. By examining husbandry-related factors influencing reproduction, we identified actionable management improvements that will improve future breeding success and support species recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.13307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographic distribution and supply chain of vultures in Benin, West Africa","authors":"Samson Dognimon,&nbsp;Stanislas Zanvo,&nbsp;Chabi A. M. S. Djagoun,&nbsp;Brice Sinsin","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Illegal trade poses a significant threat to African vultures, particularly in Benin, which stands as the second major hotspot for vultures' trade in West Africa. To address gaps in research on distribution, supplying habitat sources and trade dynamics, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 150 sellers in traditional medicine markets (TMM) and surveyed 590 local residents in villages surrounding five protected areas. We used a chord diagram to visually represent the frequency of reports of countries involved in the trade, and mapped local ecological knowledge (LEK)-based geographic distribution of vultures across Benin. Our findings revealed that seven West African countries, as well as Cameroon from Central Africa supplied vulture specimens to TMM. We recorded 491 vultures specimens from various species such as Hooded, white-headed, white-backed, Rüppell's, Egyptian, and lappet-faced vulture. Among the six vulture species recorded in TMM, five were still found in Benin, primarily in the north of the country. Our study provides insights into the supply chain and LEK-based geographic distribution of vultures in Benin. It highlights the pressing need for further research using conventional methods to study the diversity and distribution of vultures in Benin, as well as concerted and coordinated conservation interventions to support vulture populations in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significant genetic differentiation between native and introduced farmed Burmese pythons and low risk of genetic introgression from escaped farmed individuals in Hainan Island","authors":"Jiao Qing,&nbsp;Xiaofei Zhai,&nbsp;Shaopeng Yu,&nbsp;Feiyun Tu,&nbsp;Tongliang Wang,&nbsp;Jichao Wang","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Burmese python (<i>Python bivittatus</i>) is one of the most endangered pythons and is commonly traded in the international pet industry. In addition to wild <i>P. bivittatus</i>, domesticated individuals from farms have been living on Hainan Island for nearly 20 years. The intentional release or accidental escape of farmed <i>P. bivittatus</i> may lead to risks, such as genetic introgression or competition for space and food, owing to the genetic differences between the two populations and limited resources. Our objective was to better understand the genetic background of <i>P. bivittatus</i> and genetic introgression between native and introduced farmed populations. We conducted mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing (138 specimens) and whole-genome resequencing (110 specimens) of <i>P. bivittatus</i> from farm and wild populations on Hainan Island. Genetic analysis suggested two highly differentiated clusters (VN and HN clades), <i>Fst</i> = 0.22. The HN clade included samples that originated from southern China and Hainan and represented native individuals of Hainan Island, whereas the VN clade most likely originated from Vietnam, as expected based on the Vietnamese origin of the farm. The results of ADMIXTURE analysis indicated three possible genetic components, one of which can be viewed as the VN clade, and the remaining two genetic components both belong to the HN clade. We identified a small number of shared haplotypes between the farmed and wild populations, indicating that both farmed and wild samples included individuals from VN and HN clades. In addition, only one F1 generation hybrid individual between the two clades was found, suggestive of low gene flow. Thus, the probability of genetic introgression between HN and VN clades is low and poses a low threat to the genetic integrity of the native <i>P. bivittatus</i> on Hainan Island; however, we cannot underestimate the risk of escaped individuals, which should be closely monitored.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Milking the lions”: An analysis of conservation performance payments in eastern and southern Africa","authors":"Joseph Hamm,&nbsp;George Holmes,&nbsp;Mathew Bukhi Mabele,&nbsp;Julia Martin-Ortega","doi":"10.1111/csp2.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Conservation performance payments (CPPs) aim to encourage coexistence between humans and large carnivores by tying payments to species presence or abundance. While there is growing interest in the development of these programs, they remain the subject of little empirical research. Furthermore, there is no literature on CPPs for carnivores in Africa, despite the continent's global importance in carnivore conservation and the fact that multiple such schemes are currently in operation. This research establishes where and how these schemes function and identifies recurring challenges associated with their implementation. We conducted semi-structured interviews with representatives of nine conservation performance payment programs operating across five countries in eastern and southern Africa. We find that despite their theoretical simplicity, local complexities, and pragmatism mean there is significant variation in how CPPs operate. This includes differences in monitoring methods, governance, and all aspects of payments. The inclusion of input conditionality (i.e., fines or bonuses for certain actions) in a majority of schemes also challenges the prevailing conceptualization of CPPs as entirely results-based. Recurring challenges include securing long-term funding, setting suitable payment levels, and ensuring equitable governance. Practitioners view performance payments as a promising approach for carnivore conservation, but their roll-out risks moving faster than our understanding of them.</p>","PeriodicalId":51337,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science and Practice","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2.70015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}