Tomography最新文献

{"title":"Ground-Glass Opacities in the Access Route and Biopsy in Highly Perfused Dependent Areas of the Lungs as Risk Factors for Pulmonary Hemorrhage During CT-Guided Lung Biopsy: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Michael P Brönnimann, Leonie Manser, Andreas Christe, Johannes T Heverhagen, Bernhard Gebauer, Timo A Auer, Dirk Schnapauff, Federico Collettini, Christophe Schroeder, Patrick Dorn, Tobias Gassenmaier, Lukas Ebner, Adrian T Huber","doi":"10.3390/tomography11030035","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tomography11030035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>The risk of hemorrhage during CT-guided lung biopsy has not been systematically studied in cases where ground-glass opacities (GGO) are present in the access route or when biopsies are performed in highly perfused, dependent lung areas. While patient positioning has been studied for pneumothorax prevention, its role in minimizing hemorrhage risk remains unexplored. This study aimed to determine whether GGOs in the access route and biopsies in dependent lung areas are risk factors for pulmonary hemorrhage during CT-guided lung biopsy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 115 CT-guided lung biopsies performed at a single center (2020-2023). Patients were categorized based on post-interventional hemorrhage exceeding 2 cm (Grade 2 or higher). We evaluated the presence of GGOs in the access route and biopsy location (dependent vs. non-dependent areas) using chi square, Fisher's exact, and Mann-Whitney U tests. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate risk factors for pulmonary hemorrhage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pulmonary hemorrhage beyond 2 cm occurred in 30 of 115 patients (26%). GGOs in the access route were identified in 67% of these cases (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and hemorrhage occurred more frequently when biopsies were performed in dependent lung areas (63% vs. 40%, <i>p</i> = 0.03). Multivariable analysis showed that GGOs in the access route (OR 5.169, 95% CI 1.889-14.144, <i>p</i> = 0.001) and biopsies in dependent areas (OR 4.064, 95% CI 1.477-11.186, <i>p</i> < 0.001) independently increased hemorrhage risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>GGOs in the access route and dependent lung area biopsies are independent risk factors for hemorrhage during CT-guided lung biopsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":51330,"journal":{"name":"Tomography","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Non-Invasive, Label-Free Method for Examining Tardigrade Anatomy Using Holotomography.","authors":"Minh-Triet Hong, Giyoung Lee, Young-Tae Chang","doi":"10.3390/tomography11030034","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tomography11030034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Holotomography is an advanced imaging technique that enables high-resolution, three-dimensional visualization of microscopic specimens without the need for fixation or staining. Here we aim to apply holotomography technology to image live <i>Hypsibius exemplaris</i> in their native state, avoiding invasive sample preparation procedures and phototoxic effects associated with other imaging modalities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We use a low concentration of 7% ethanol for tardigrade sedation and sample preparation. Holotomographic images were obtained and reconstructed using the Tomocube HT-X1 system, enabling high-resolution visualization of tardigrade anatomical structures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We captured detailed, label-free holotomography images of both external and internal structures of tardigrade, including the digestive tract, brain, ovary, claws, salivary glands, and musculature.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings highlight holotomography as a complementary high-resolution imaging modality that effectively addresses the challenges faced with traditional imaging techniques in tardigrade research.</p>","PeriodicalId":51330,"journal":{"name":"Tomography","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946113/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of Chemotherapy Response in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer Patients at Pre-Treatment Using CT Textural Features and Machine Learning: Comparison of Feature Selection Methods.","authors":"Amir Moslemi, Laurentius Oscar Osapoetra, Archya Dasgupta, Schontal Halstead, David Alberico, Maureen Trudeau, Sonal Gandhi, Andrea Eisen, Frances Wright, Nicole Look-Hong, Belinda Curpen, Michael Kolios, Gregory J Czarnota","doi":"10.3390/tomography11030033","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tomography11030033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is a key element of treatment for locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). Predicting the response of NAC for patients with LABC before initiating treatment would be valuable to customize therapies and ensure the delivery of effective care.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Our objective was to develop predictive measures of tumor response to NAC prior to starting for LABC using machine learning and textural computed tomography (CT) features in different level of frequencies.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 851 textural biomarkers were determined from CT images and their wavelet coefficients for 117 patients with LABC to evaluate the response to NAC. A machine learning pipeline was designed to classify response to NAC treatment for patients with LABC. For training predictive models, three models including all features (wavelet and original image features), only wavelet and only original-image features were considered. We determined features from CT images in different level of frequencies using wavelet transform. Additionally, we conducted a comparison of feature selection methods including mRMR, Relief, Rref QR decomposition, nonnegative matrix factorization and perturbation theory feature selection techniques.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 117 patients with LABC evaluated, 82 (70%) had clinical-pathological response to chemotherapy and 35 (30%) had no response to chemotherapy. The best performance for hold-out data splitting was obtained using the KNN classifier using the Top-5 features, which were obtained by mRMR, for all features (accuracy = 77%, specificity = 80%, sensitivity = 56%, and balanced-accuracy = 68%). Likewise, the best performance for leave-one-out data splitting could be obtained by the KNN classifier using the Top-5 features, which was obtained by mRMR, for all features (accuracy = 75%, specificity = 76%, sensitivity = 62%, and balanced-accuracy = 72%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The combination of original textural features and wavelet features results in a greater predictive accuracy of NAC response for LABC patients. This predictive model can be utilized to predict treatment outcomes prior to starting, and clinicians can use it as a recommender system to modify treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":51330,"journal":{"name":"Tomography","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946754/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Organ Dose in Diagnostic Imaging with Digital Tomosynthesis System Using TLD100H Dosimeters.","authors":"Giuseppe Stella, Grazia Asero, Mariajessica Nicotra, Giuliana Candiano, Rosaria Galvagno, Anna Maria Gueli","doi":"10.3390/tomography11030032","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tomography11030032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Digital tomosynthesis (DTS) is an advanced imaging modality that enhances diagnostic accuracy by offering three-dimensional visualization from two-dimensional projections, which is particularly beneficial in breast and lung imaging. However, this increased imaging capability raises concerns about patient exposure to ionizing radiation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study explores the energy and angular dependence of thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs), specifically TLD100H, to improve the accuracy of organ dose assessment during DTS. Using a comprehensive experimental approach, organ doses were measured in both DTS and traditional RX modes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed lung doses of approximately 3.21 mGy for the left lung and 3.32 mGy for the right lung during DTS, aligning with the existing literature. In contrast, the RX mode yielded significantly lower lung doses of 0.33 mGy. The heart dose during DTS was measured at 2.81 mGy, corroborating findings from similar studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results reinforce the reliability of TLD100H dosimetry in assessing radiation exposure and highlight the need for optimizing imaging protocols to minimize doses. Overall, this study contributes to the ongoing dialogue on enhancing patient safety in diagnostic imaging and advocates for collaboration among medical physicists, radiologists, and technologists to establish best practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":51330,"journal":{"name":"Tomography","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945968/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinguishing Low Expression Levels of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 in Breast Cancer: Insights from Qualitative and Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analysis.","authors":"Yiyuan Shen, Xu Zhang, Jinlong Zheng, Simin Wang, Jie Ding, Shiyun Sun, Qianming Bai, Caixia Fu, Junlong Wang, Jing Gong, Chao You, Yajia Gu","doi":"10.3390/tomography11030031","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tomography11030031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The discovery of novel antibody-drug conjugates for low-expression human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2-low) breast cancer highlights the inadequacy of the conventional binary classification of HER2 status as either negative or positive. Identification of HER2-low breast cancer is crucial for selecting patients who may benefit from targeted therapies. This study aims to determine whether qualitative and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features can effectively reflect low-HER2-expression breast cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pre-treatment breast MRI images from 232 patients with pathologically confirmed breast cancer were retrospectively analyzed. Both clinicopathologic and MRI features were recorded. Qualitative MRI features included Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) descriptors from dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI), as well as intratumoral T2 hyperintensity and peritumoral edema observed in T2-weighted imaging (T2WI). Quantitative features were derived from diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) using multiple b-values and included statistics such as mean, median, 5th and 95th percentiles, skewness, kurtosis, and entropy from apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), D_app, and K_app histograms. Differences in clinicopathologic, qualitative, and quantitative MRI features were compared across groups, with multivariable logistic regression used to identify significant independent predictors of HER2-low breast cancer. The discriminative power of MRI features was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HER2 status was categorized as HER2-zero (n = 60), HER2-low (n = 91), and HER2-overexpressed (n = 81). Clinically, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), hormone receptor (HR), and Ki-67 levels significantly differed between the HER2-low group and others (all <i>p</i> < 0.001). In MRI analyses, intratumoral T2 hyperintensity was more prevalent in HER2-low cases (<i>p</i> = 0.009, <i>p</i> = 0.008). Mass lesions were more common in the HER2-zero group than in the HER2-low group (<i>p</i> = 0.038), and mass shape (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and margin (<i>p</i> < 0.001) significantly varied between the HER2 groups, with mass shape emerging as an independent predictive factor (HER2-low vs. HER2-zero: <i>p</i> = 0.010, HER2-low vs. HER2-over: <i>p</i> = 0.012). Qualitative MRI features demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.763 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.667-0.859) for distinguishing HER2-low from HER2-zero status. Quantitative features showed distinct differences between HER2-low and HER2-overexpression groups, particularly in non-mass enhancement (NME) lesions. Combined variables achieved the highest predictive accuracy for HER2-low status, with an AUC of 0.802 (95% CI: 0.701-0.903).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Qualitative and quantitative MRI features offer valuable insights","PeriodicalId":51330,"journal":{"name":"Tomography","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Sensitivity of the Revised Venous System in Brain Death in Children.","authors":"Hasibe Gökçe Çinar, Berna Ucan, Hasan Bulut, Şükriye Yılmaz, Sultan Göncü, Emrah Gün, Pınar Özbudak, Canan Üstün, Çiğdem Üner","doi":"10.3390/tomography11030030","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tomography11030030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>While ancillary tests for brain death diagnosis are not routinely recommended in guidelines, they may be necessary in specific clinical scenarios. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is particularly advantageous in pediatric patients due to its noninvasive nature, accessibility, and rapid provision of anatomical information. This study aims to assess the diagnostic sensitivity of a revised venous system (ICV-SPV) utilizing a 4-point scoring system in children clinically diagnosed with brain death.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 43 pediatric patients clinically diagnosed with brain death who underwent CTA were retrospectively analyzed. Imaging was performed using a standardized brain death protocol. Three distinct 4-point scoring systems (A20-V60, A60-V60, ICV-SPV) were utilized to assess vessel opacification in different imaging phases. To evaluate age-dependent sensitivity, patients were categorized into three age groups: 26 days-1 year, 2-6 years, and 6-18 years. The sensitivity of each 4-point scoring system in diagnosing brain death was calculated for all age groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The revised venous scoring system (ICV-SPV) demonstrated the highest overall sensitivity in confirming brain death across all age groups, significantly outperforming the reference 4-point scoring systems. Furthermore, the ICV-SPV system exhibited the greatest sensitivity in patients with cranial defects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The revised 4-point venous CTA scoring system, which relies on the absence of ICV and SPV opacification, is a reliable tool for confirming cerebral circulatory arrest in pediatric patients with clinical brain death.</p>","PeriodicalId":51330,"journal":{"name":"Tomography","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preclinical Evaluation of a Novel PSMA-Targeted Agent ⁶⁸Ga-NOTA-GC-PSMA for Prostate Cancer Imaging.","authors":"Wenjin Li, Yihui Luo, Yuqi Hua, Qiaoling Shen, Liping Chen, Yu Xu, Haitian Fu, Chunjing Yu","doi":"10.3390/tomography11030029","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tomography11030029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radioligands are promising diagnostic tools for the targeted positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of prostate cancer (PCa). In present work, we aimed to develop a novel PSMA tracer to provide an additional option for prostate cancer diagnosis. <b>Methods:</b> Our team designed a new structure of the PSMA tracer and evaluated it with cellular experiments in vitro to preliminarily verify the targeting and specificity of ⁶⁸Ga-NOTA-GC-PSMA. PET/CT imaging of PSMA-positive xenograft-bearing models in vivo to further validate the in vivo specificity and targeting of the radiotracer. Pathological tissue sections from prostate cancer patients were compared with pathological immunohistochemistry and pathological tissue staining results by radioautography experiments to assess the targeting-PSMA of ⁶⁸Ga-NOTA-GC-PSMA on human prostate cancer pathological tissues. <b>Results:</b> The novel tracer showed high hydrophilicity and rapid clearance rate. Specific cell binding and micro-PET imaging experiments showed that ⁶⁸Ga-NOTA-GC-PSMA displayed a high specific LNCaP tumor cell uptake (1.70% ± 0.13% at 120 min) and tumor-to-muscle (T/M) and tumor-to-kidney (T/K) ratio (13.87 ± 11.20 and 0.20 ± 0.08 at 60 min, respectively). <b>Conclusions:</b> The novel tracer ⁶⁸Ga-NOTA-GC-PSMA is promising radionuclide imaging of PCa.</p>","PeriodicalId":51330,"journal":{"name":"Tomography","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946674/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcified Lung Nodules: A Diagnostic Challenge in Clinical Daily Practice.","authors":"Elisa Baratella, Marianna Carbi, Pierluca Minelli, Antonio Segalotti, Barbara Ruaro, Francesco Salton, Roberta Polverosi, Maria Assunta Cova","doi":"10.3390/tomography11030028","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tomography11030028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Calcified lung nodules are frequently encountered on chest imaging, often as incidental findings. While calcifications are typically associated with benign conditions, they do not inherently exclude malignancy, making accurate differentiation essential. The primary diagnostic challenge lies in distinguishing benign from malignant nodules based solely on imaging features. Various calcification patterns, including diffuse, popcorn, lamellated and eccentric, provide important diagnostic clues, though overlap among different conditions may persist. A comprehensive diagnostic approach integrates clinical history with multimodal imaging, including magnetic resonance and nuclear medicine, when necessary, to improve accuracy. When imaging findings remain inconclusive, tissue sampling through biopsy may be required for definitive characterization. This review provides an overview of the imaging features of calcified lung nodules, emphasizing key diagnostic challenges and their clinical implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":51330,"journal":{"name":"Tomography","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep Learning for Ultrasonographic Assessment of Temporomandibular Joint Morphology.","authors":"Julia Lasek, Karolina Nurzynska, Adam Piórkowski, Michał Strzelecki, Rafał Obuchowicz","doi":"10.3390/tomography11030027","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tomography11030027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders are a significant cause of orofacial pain. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been successfully applied to other imaging modalities but remains underexplored in ultrasonographic evaluations of TMJ.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to develop and validate an AI-driven method for the automatic and reproducible measurement of TMJ space width from ultrasonographic images.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 142 TMJ ultrasonographic images were segmented into three anatomical components: the mandibular condyle, joint space, and glenoid fossa. State-of-the-art architectures were tested, and the best-performing 2D Residual U-Net was trained and validated against expert annotations. The algorithm for joint space width measurement based on TMJ segmentation was proposed, calculating the vertical distance between the superior-most point of the mandibular condyle and its corresponding point on the glenoid fossa.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The segmentation model achieved high performance for the mandibular condyle (Dice: 0.91 ± 0.08) and joint space (Dice: 0.86 ± 0.09), with notably lower performance for the glenoid fossa (Dice: 0.60 ± 0.24), highlighting variability due to its complex geometry. The TMJ space width measurement algorithm demonstrated minimal bias, with a mean difference of 0.08 mm and a mean absolute error of 0.18 mm compared to reference measurements.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The model exhibited potential as a reliable tool for clinical use, demonstrating accuracy in TMJ ultrasonographic analysis. This study underscores the ability of AI-driven segmentation and measurement algorithms to bridge existing gaps in ultrasonographic imaging and lays the foundation for broader clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":51330,"journal":{"name":"Tomography","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Phantom for Standardized Microcalcification Detection Developed Using a Crystalline Growth System.","authors":"Dee H Wu, Caroline Preskitt, Natalie Stratemeier, Hunter Lau, Sreeja Ponnam, Supriya Koya","doi":"10.3390/tomography11030025","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tomography11030025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>The accurate detection of microcalcifications in mammograms is critical for the early detection of breast cancer. However, the variability between different manufacturers is significant, particularly with digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). Manufacturers have many design differences, including sweep angles, detector types, reconstruction techniques, filters, and focal spot construction. This study outlined the development of an innovative phantom model using crystallizations to improve the accuracy of imaging microcalcifications in DBT. The goal of these models was to achieve consistent evaluations, thereby reducing the variability between different scanners.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We created a novel phantom model that simulates different types of breast tissue densities with calcifications. Furthermore, these crystalline-grown phantoms can more accurately represent the physiological shapes and compositions of microcalcifications than do other available phantoms for calcifications and can be evaluated on different systems. Microcalcification patterns were generated using the evaporation of sodium chloride, transplantation of calcium carbonate crystals, and/or injection of hydroxyapatite. These patterns were embedded in multiple layers within the wax to simulate various depths and distributions of calcifications with the ability to generate a large variety of patterns.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The tomosynthesis imaging revealed phantoms that utilized calcium carbonate crystals showed demonstrable visualization differences between the 3D DBT reconstructions and the magnification/2D view, illustrating the model's value. The phantom was able to highlight changes in the contrast and resolution, which is crucial for accurate microcalcification evaluation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on the crystalline growth, this phantom model offers an important new standardized target for evaluating DBT systems. By promoting standardization, especially through the development of advanced breast calcification phantoms, this work and design aimed to contribute to improving earlier and more accurate breast cancer detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":51330,"journal":{"name":"Tomography","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945459/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}