Qi Xie;Zixuan Zheng;Yifei Guo;Jianbing Xu;Jialong Wu;Xianyong Xiao;Jie Ren;Donghui Song
{"title":"Maximizing Dynamic Voltage Support Capability of LCC-HVDC Systems Under Transient Voltage Disturbances","authors":"Qi Xie;Zixuan Zheng;Yifei Guo;Jianbing Xu;Jialong Wu;Xianyong Xiao;Jie Ren;Donghui Song","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2025.000242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2025.000242","url":null,"abstract":"The sending-end system of line-commutated converter based high-voltage direct current (LCC-HVDC) systems is vulnerable to transient voltage disturbances (TVDs), posing a significant threat to voltage stability. This paper proposes a novel strategy to maximize the dynamic voltage support (DVS) capability of LCC-HVDC systems under various TVDs. The physical mechanisms underlying DVS in LCC-HVDC systems are systematically analyzed, forming the basis for an optimization model that maximizes the DVS capability while incorporating security constraints at both the rectifier and inverter ends. To address the challenge of directly solving the model, an optimality analysis with intuitive geometric interpretations is performed. Based on these insights, a two-stage optimal DVS control strategy for LCC-HVDC systems is developed to iteratively approach the optimal solution through coordinated control of the rectifier and inverter stations. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed strategy in supporting the sending-end system are validated through dynamic simulations, and its applicability under practical operating conditions is discussed.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"14 2","pages":"735-747"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11107277","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147557736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenlong Wu;Zhongguan Wang;Xialin Li;Li Guo;Yixin Liu;Jiaqing Zhai;Chengshan Wang
{"title":"Physics-Informed Probability Distribution Assessment for Primary Frequency Regulation Capability of Wind Farms Considering Wind Speed Uncertainty","authors":"Wenlong Wu;Zhongguan Wang;Xialin Li;Li Guo;Yixin Liu;Jiaqing Zhai;Chengshan Wang","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2024.001345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2024.001345","url":null,"abstract":"High penetration of wind power into power grids deteriorates system frequency stability. Wind turbines (WTs) are required by grid codes to participate in primary frequency regulation (PFR) by adjusting their rotor speed to utilize the stored kinetic energy. However, frequency support causes a change in rotor speed, and hence, the PFR capability of a wind farm is limited by a time-varying boundary. As the mechanical transient process of the WT is determined by wind speed, it is necessary to forecast the PFR capability of wind farms based on wind speed distribution, to arrange the system scheduling plan while considering dynamic safety. In this paper, a physics-informed probability distribution assessment method is proposed for the PFR capability of wind farms considering wind speed uncertainty. Constructing the analytical correlation relationship between state variables based on Koopman-operator-theory-based state space transformation, the probability density function of the maximum feasible droop coefficient of a wind farm is derived based on the wind speed probability distribution. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a five-order-of-magnitude reduction in computational time compared with the Monte Carlo and time-domain simulation methods, and possesses the advantages of independence from physical parameters and random sampling errors, as well as a simple analytical expression of the probability distribution of PFR capability.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"14 2","pages":"541-551"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11072535","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147557752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Davide del Giudice;Angelo Maurizio Brambilla;Federico Bizzarri;Daniele Linaro;Samuele Grillo
{"title":"Equivalent Model of Electric Vehicles with Fast Chargers for Static and Dynamic Grid Studies","authors":"Davide del Giudice;Angelo Maurizio Brambilla;Federico Bizzarri;Daniele Linaro;Samuele Grillo","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2024.001204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2024.001204","url":null,"abstract":"The growing deployment of electric mobility calls for static and dynamic grid studies to investigate to which extent it affects the grid operation and how to validate the countermeasures. Detailed electric vehicle (EV) models, which allow analyzing electrical variables at the EV charger and battery levels, are inadequate for this purpose, as they can have an excessive complexity and are computationally burdensome for large-scale grid studies. To address this issue, we exploit a detailed EV model using an analytical approach, and develop an equivalent model of EVs with fast chargers that is easy to implement and computationally efficient, while retaining adequate accuracy. Simulation results of distribution and transmission systems, modified by adding fleets of EVs, are used to demonstrate the compatibility of the proposed model for static and dynamic grid studies, even when different cathode chemistries and charging strategies are adopted.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"14 2","pages":"695-708"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11098773","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147557875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cangbi Ding;Chenyi Zheng;Yi Tang;Chaohai Zhang;Xingning Han
{"title":"Voltage Interaction Evaluation in Embedded DC Transmission System","authors":"Cangbi Ding;Chenyi Zheng;Yi Tang;Chaohai Zhang;Xingning Han","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2024.001276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2024.001276","url":null,"abstract":"Voltage interaction between the rectifier and inverter buses is recognized as a critical factor in embedded direct current (EDC) transmission systems, where at least two ends are within a single synchronous AC network, as it significantly affects power flow distribution, voltage stability, and power system planning. Conventional methods for evaluating voltage interaction are insufficient to accurately represent the complicated interplay between responses of the AC-DC network and the internal controllers within EDC transmission systems. To address this issue, this paper proposes an analytical calculation method of a novel voltage interaction evaluation index for various types of EDC transmission systems, which enables precise evaluation of the voltage interaction between the rectifier bus and inverter bus in an EDC transmission system. The proposed method comprehensively accounts for the influence of voltage interaction under small disturbances through the AC network, as well as the influence of voltage interaction under the same disturbance between converter buses through internal controller responses. Numerical simulations are used to analyze the parametric dependence of the index, and its accuracy is demonstrated through dynamic simulation.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"14 2","pages":"709-720"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11096048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147557822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lei Chen;Tianhao Wen;Yuqing Lin;Yang Liu;Yingjie Qin;Qing-Hua Wu
{"title":"Transient Stability Analysis of Power Systems with Multiple Grid-Forming Voltage Source Converters Using Reduced-Order Modeling Method","authors":"Lei Chen;Tianhao Wen;Yuqing Lin;Yang Liu;Yingjie Qin;Qing-Hua Wu","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2024.001166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2024.001166","url":null,"abstract":"The traditional power system dominated by synchronous generators is gradually evolving into a modern power system featured by high-penetrated renewable energy. As a key technology for high-penetrated renewable energy, the grid-forming voltage source converter (GFM-VSC) has received increasing attention. However, the large-disturbance stability analysis of power systems with multiple GFM-VSCs is still a challenging problem due to various limitations of existing methods, including huge computational burden and difficulty in considering network losses. This paper is intended to address these issues from the perspective of reduced-order modeling and domain of attraction (DA) estimation. The innovations involve three aspects. First, the reduced-order modeling method for power systems with multiple GFM-VSCs is proposed using the standard dual-time-scale model in singular perturbation theory. Second, an expanding annular domain (EAD) algorithm is developed to estimate the DA with an entire boundary to analyze the large-disturbance stability of power systems. Third, the conditions of using the reduced-order modeling method based on singular perturbation theory have been clarified. The validity of the reduced-order modeling method is illustrated on a modified 39-bus system with 10 GFM-VSCs.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"14 2","pages":"466-477"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11141565","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147557901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Self-Synchronized Grid-Forming Control Strategy for DFIG in Offshore Wind Farm Connected to Diode Rectifier Unit-Based HVDC System","authors":"Han Wu;Tao Wang;Xiang Meng;Lijian Wu","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2025.000148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2025.000148","url":null,"abstract":"To reduce the cost of offshore wind power generation systems, the configuration of the offshore wind farm employing doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) connected to the diode rectifier unit-based high-voltage direct current (DRU-HVDC) system has emerged as an attractive solution. The control strategy of the DFIG plays a crucial role in ensuring reliable operation of the offshore wind power generation system due to the uncontrollable nature of the diode rectifier unit (DRU). This paper proposes a self-synchronized grid-forming control strategy for the DFIG in offshore wind farm connected to DRU-HVDC system. Considering the unique power characteristics of the DRU, the proposed strategy constructs a novel power synchronization control loop, which achieves self-synchronization of the DFIGs in offshore wind farm without any communication network. Additionally, the harmonic distortion induced by the natural commutation characteristic of the DRU introduces significant electromagnetic ripples to the DFIG through the stator windings. To mitigate this, an electromagnetic oscillation reduction method based on harmonic current injection is incorporated into the structure of the proposed strategy. Simulation results based on MATLAB/Simulink validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy and the electromagnetic oscillation reduction method.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"14 2","pages":"478-491"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11247822","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147557672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sina Hashemi;Balaji V. Venkatasubramanian;Pierluigi Mancarella;Mathaios Panteli
{"title":"Cascading-Driven Intentional Controlled Islanding for Enhancing Power Grid Operational Resilience","authors":"Sina Hashemi;Balaji V. Venkatasubramanian;Pierluigi Mancarella;Mathaios Panteli","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2024.001371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2024.001371","url":null,"abstract":"Power grids face significant threats from severe disturbances, often triggered by extreme weather, leading to widespread cascading power outages. Although intentional controlled islanding (ICI) is an effective last-resort operational mitigation strategy employed by system operators worldwide to prevent complete cascading blackouts, the impact of large-scale disturbances, particularly weather-induced cascading outages, on when and where to implement the ICI, is neither adequately considered nor reflected in current operational decision-making standards and procedures. This paper proposes a holistic cascading-driven ICI framework that seamlessly integrates advanced weather-related event modelling and cascading risk quantification of high-impact low-probability (HILP) (or tailrisk) events by using a novel ICI based on decision-making mechanism for enhancing the power grid operational resilience. The proposed framework provides a portfolio of mitigation actions proportional to cascading impacts, differentiating between tail-risk events and expected (average) events typically addressed in reliability-oriented studies and current industry practices, while being tailored to both near-real-time operations and short-term operational planning. The proposed framework involves system splitting around black-start units while forming stable and self-sufficient islands, thereby enhancing reliability and resilience. Studies on the IEEE 39-bus and IEEE 118-bus systems demonstrate the effectiveness with a significant improvement in served demand across all simulated initiating events, including up to <tex>$N-6$</tex> contingencies.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"14 2","pages":"514-528"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11457389","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147557836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Centralized Secondary Control for Real-Time Steady-State Optimization of Multi-Terminal HVDC Grids with Reduced Communications","authors":"Babak Abdolmaleki;Gilbert Bergna-Diaz","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2025.000099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2025.000099","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a centralized secondary control for real-time steady-state optimization of multi-terminal high-voltage direct current (HVDC) grids, considering both voltage and current limits. This control begins with detailed dynamic models of key grid components, including modular multilevel converter (MMC) stations and their control layers, followed by the derivation of a quasi-static input-output model suitable for steady-state control. Using this model, a general optimization problem is formulated, and the associated Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions are characterized. A secondary controller based on primal-dual dynamics is then proposed to adjust the voltage setpoints of dispatchable MMCs, ensuring convergence to a steady state that satisfies the optimal conditions. The inclusion of current constraints necessitates partial knowledge of the network model, which naturally supports a centralized framework. To reduce the communication burden, a communication triggering mechanism is introduced that limits message exchanges between the control center and MMC stations without degrading performance. The proposed controller is validated through case studies using an offshore multi-terminal HVDC grid with heterogeneous MMC stations, simulated in MATLAB/ Simulink. Results confirm that the proposed controller drives the system to optimal operation, while significantly reducing the communication burden without compromising performance.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"14 2","pages":"721-734"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11204853","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147606151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adaptive Control Strategy for Improving Small-Signal Stability of Multiple Grid-Connected Converter Systems","authors":"Zhenxiang Liu;Yanbo Chen;Jiahao Ma;Zhi Zhang","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2025.000029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2025.000029","url":null,"abstract":"The high penetration of renewable energy sources interfaced throush power electronic converters often leads to small-signal stability issues. Therefore, it is critical to quantify the impact of control parameters in multiple grid-connected converters on the small-signal stability of power system. To this end, this paper derives the small-signal stability criterion and provides the quantitative analysis of parameter sensitivity for multiple grid-connected converter systems (MGCCSs) based on extended Gershgorin theorem, thereby clarifying the influence of control parameters on the small-signal stability and providing the foundation for adaptive control. Crucially, leveraging this sensitivity analysis, we propose an adaptive control strategy involving targeted parameter adjustment for the identified weak links to ensure that the system operates with a specified stability margin. Both theoretical analysis and simulation prove the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive control strategy in the improving the small-signal stability of MGCCSs. Importantly, the proposed adaptive control strategy also demonstrates the significant potential for online application to adaptively compensate the small-signal stability margin in real time.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"14 2","pages":"492-502"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11145198","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147557765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multi-Stage Optimization of Community Microgrid Considering Fair Allocation and Risk Management","authors":"Haiteng Han;Xiangchen Jiang;Can Huang;Chen Wu;Sheng Chen;Qingxin Shi;Zhinong Wei","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2025.000312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2025.000312","url":null,"abstract":"As renewable energy and environmental protection gain prominence, community microgrid has become crucial for promoting resource sharing and improving energy efficiency. This paper presents a multi-stage optimization strategy of community microgrid considering fair allocation and risk management, utilizing the Vickrey-Clarke-Groves (VCG) mechanism and the glue value-at-risk (GlueVaR) method. The proposed strategy integrates carbon with the collective self-consumption (CSC) framework, using GlueVaR to manage uncertainties in photovoltaic (PV) power generation by balancing economic performance with extreme risk management. Compared with traditional risk management, the GlueVaR method offers a more comprehensive characterization of both tail risks and central tendency, enabling more robust decision-making under uncertainties. The VCG mechanism ensures accurate supply and demand reporting, thereby optimizing resource allocation. The proposed strategy aims to promote fair allocation, enhance community welfare, reduce carbon emissions, and optimize energy utilization. A distributed alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm is employed to improve the computational efficiency and preserve the privacy of community members, making the proposed strategy scalable to various community microgrid sizes. Case studies confirm that the proposed strategy significantly enhances community welfare, reduces carbon emissions, and strengthens system stability and security. Furthermore, by fostering fair and transparent transactions among members, the cohesion of the community is reinforced for long-term sustainability.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"14 2","pages":"655-668"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11134692","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147557837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}