Weiye Diao;Ao Liu;Jun Mei;Linyuan Wang;Guanghua Wang;Fujin Deng
{"title":"Synchronous Voltage Reconstruction of VSC-HVDC Systems Under Weak Grid Conditions","authors":"Weiye Diao;Ao Liu;Jun Mei;Linyuan Wang;Guanghua Wang;Fujin Deng","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2024.000650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2024.000650","url":null,"abstract":"Under weak grid conditions, grid impedance is coupled with a control system for voltage source converter based high-voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) systems, resulting in decreased synchronization stability. Unfortunately, most studies are based on the assumption that impedance ratio <tex>$(R/X)$</tex> is sufficiently small to ignore the effects of grid impedance. In this study, we establish a dynamic coupling model that includes grid impedance and control loops, revealing the influence mechanism of <tex>$R/X$</tex> on synchronization stability from a physical perspective. We also quantify the stability range of <tex>$R/X$</tex> in the static analysis model and introduce a sensitivity factor to measure its effect on voltage stability. Additionally, we utilize a dynamic analysis model to evaluate power angle convergence, proposing a corresponding stability criterion. We then present a method of synchronous voltage reconstruction aimed at enhancing the grid strength. Theoretical analysis shows that this method can effectively mitigate the effects of coupling between grid impedance and the controller under weak grid conditions, ensuring stable operation even under extremely weak grid conditions. Experiments validate the accuracy and effectiveness of the analysis and method.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"13 3","pages":"1040-1051"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10981584","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144185827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Continuous Control Set Model Predictive Control of Modular Multilevel Matrix Converters for Low-frequency AC Transmission","authors":"Matias Uriarte;Roberto Cardenas-Dobson;Yeiner Arias-Esquivel;Matias Diaz;Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2024.000654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2024.000654","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a continuous control set model predictive control (CCS-MPC) algorithm of a modular multilevel matrix converter (M3C) for low-frequency AC transmission (LFAC), via which the offshore wind farm (OWF) is integrated. The M3C is operated with a 16.7 Hz frequency at the OWF side and a 50 Hz frequency at the onshore grid side. The balance of the capacitor voltages and the regulation of circulating currents in the M3C are performed using the proposed CCS-MPC algorithm, which is based on the online solution of a cost function with constraints. Simulation and experimental work (with a 5 kW M3C prototype) are provided, showing the performance of the LFAC system to operate with symmetrical and asymmetrical voltage dips, active and reactive power steps, and optimal limitation of currents and voltages using constraints. Unlike previous publications, the predictive control system in this paper allows seamless operation under balanced and unbalanced conditions, for instance, during asymmetrical voltage dips.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"13 4","pages":"1468-1480"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10944522","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144716275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Balancing Benefits of Distribution System Operator in Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading Among Microgrids Based on Optimal Dynamic Network Usage Fees","authors":"Songmei Wu;Hui Guo;Fei Wang;Yuxin Zhu","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2024.000521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2024.000521","url":null,"abstract":"Peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading provides a promising solution for integrating distributed microgrids (MGs). However, most existing research works on P2P energy trading among MGs ignore the influence of the dynamic network usage fees imposed by the distribution system operator (DSO). Therefore, a method of P2P energy trading among MGs based on the optimal dynamic network usage fees is proposed in this paper to balance the benefits of DSO. The interaction between DSO and MG is formulated as a Stackelberg game, in which the existence and uniqueness of optimal dynamic network usage fees are proven. Additionally, the optimal dynamic network usage fees are obtained by transforming the bi-level problem into single-level mixed-integer quadratic programming using Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions. Furthermore, the underlying relationship among optimal dynamic network usage fees, electrical distance, and power flow is revealed, and the mechanism of the optimal dynamic network usage fee can further enhance P2P energy trading among MGs. Finally, simulation results on an enhanced IEEE 33-bus system demonstrate that the proposed mechanism achieves a 17.08% reduction in operation costs for MG while increasing DSO revenue by 15.36%.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"13 2","pages":"663-674"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10938862","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimal Placement of Electric Springs in Unbalanced Distribution Networks Using Improved Backward/Forward Sweep Method Based Genetic Algorithm","authors":"Guillermo Tapia-Tinoco;Gerardo Humberto Valencia-Rivera;Martin Valtierra-Rodriguez;Arturo Garcia-Perez;David Granados-Lieberman","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2024.000649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2024.000649","url":null,"abstract":"A novel planning tool for optimizing the placement of electric springs (ESs) in unbalanced distribution networks is introduced in this study. The total voltage deviation is used as the optimization criterion and is calculated when the ESs operate at their maximum reactive power either in the inductive or capacitive modes. The power rating of the ES is adjusted on the basis of the available active power at the bus. And in the optimization problem, it is expressed as the power ratio of the non-critical load (NCL) and critical load (CL). The implemented ES model is flexible, which can be used on any bus and any phase. The model determines the output voltage from the parameters and operating conditions at the point of common coupling (PCC). These conditions are integrated using the backward/forward sweep method (BFSM) and are updated during power flow calculations. The problem is described as a mixed-integer nonlinear problem and solved efficiently using an improved BF-SM-based genetic algorithm, which computes power flow and ES placement simultaneously. The effectiveness of this method is evaluated through testing in IEEE 13-bus and 34-bus systems.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"13 3","pages":"940-952"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10937285","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Demand Response Potential Estimation Model for Typical Industrial Users Considering Uncertain and Subjective Factors","authors":"Tingyu Jiang;Chuan Qin;Yuzhong Gong;Ke Wang;Ping Ju;Chi Yung Chung","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2024.000764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2024.000764","url":null,"abstract":"Demand response (DR) is a practical solution to overcoming the challenges posed by the volatility and intermittency of the renewable generation in power systems. Industrial electricity demand is growing rapidly, which makes the DR potential estimation of industrial user critical for the DR implementation. In this paper, a unified model for estimating DR potential in the production processes of aluminum, cement, and steel is proposed on the basis of their unique operational characteristics. Firstly, considering the typical characteristic constraints of different industrial users, a DR potential estimation model is developed to capture typical industrial user response behavior under various operational and economic factors. The proposed estimation model is further refined to account for the uncertain and subjective factors present in the actual estimation environment. Secondly, a virtual data acquisition method is introduced to obtain the private virtual parameters required in the estimation process. Then, an industrial user participation threshold is presented to determine whether industrial users may participate in DR at a given time with consideration of their response characteristics. The industrial users may not always act with perfect rationality, and the response environment remains uncertain. In addition, the subjective factor in this paper includes the proposed threshold and the bounded rationality. Finally, an improved DR potential estimation model is proposed to reduce the difficulties in the actual estimation process. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed estimation model and the improved DR potential estimation model across multiple cases.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"13 4","pages":"1360-1372"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10925540","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144716305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Njegos Jankovic;Javier Roldán-Pérez;Milan Prodanovic;Jon Are Suul;Salvatore D’Arco;Luis Rouco
{"title":"Network-Reconfiguration-Aware Power Oscillation Damping Controller for Converter-Interfaced Generator Based Power Plants","authors":"Njegos Jankovic;Javier Roldán-Pérez;Milan Prodanovic;Jon Are Suul;Salvatore D’Arco;Luis Rouco","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2024.000057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2024.000057","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, transmission system operators have started requesting converter-interfaced generators (CIGs) to participate in grid services such as power oscillation damping (POD). As power systems are prone to topology changes because of connection and disconnection of generators and lines, one of the most important requirements in the design of POD controller is to account for these changes. This can be done by either adjusting the controller structure during the operation or applying a fixed structure designed to address changes in the system. The fixed structure is usually preferred by transmission system operators since it is easier to determine its impact on the system. In this paper, a design procedure is proposed for network-reconfiguration-aware POD controller with fixed structure for CIG-based power plants that considers network configurations with any one line disconnected. The design procedure is based on frequency-response techniques, so it is suitable for application in CIG-based power plants, even in cases when a detailed small-signal model of the system is not available. Designs of a POD controller for the damping of critical system modes can be obtained by using active power, reactive power, or both power components simultaneously. The application to the design of a POD controller for a CIG-based power plant connected to the IEEE 39-bus system is presented as an example. Simulations performed in MATLAB and SimPowerSystems are used to validate the proposed design procedure. The validation includes an analysis of system performance with changes considered in the proposed designed procedure. Also, the system performance under unconsidered changes is examined, covering variations in load and inertia values, as well as disconnection of synchronous generators.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"13 4","pages":"1420-1431"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10923627","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144716257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intelligence-Driven Grid-Forming Converter Control for Islanding Microgrids","authors":"Issarachai Ngamroo;Tossaporn Surinkaew;Yasunori Mitani","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2024.001157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2024.001157","url":null,"abstract":"In modern microgrids (MGs) with high penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs), system reconfiguration occurs more frequently and becomes a significant issue. Fixed-parameter controllers may not handle these tasks effectively, as they lack the ability to adapt to the dynamic conditions in such environments. This paper proposes an intelligence-driven grid-forming (GFM) converter control method for islanding MGs using a robustness-guided neural network (RNN). To enhance the adaptability of the proposed method, traditional proportional-integral controllers in the GFM primary control loops are entirely replaced by the RNN. The RNN is trained by a robustness-guided strategy to replicate their robust behaviors. All the training stages are purely data-driven methods, which means that no system parameters are required for the controller design. Consequently, the proposed method is an intelligence-driven modelless GFM converter control. Compared with traditional methods, the simulation results in all testing scenarios show the clear benefits of the proposed method. The proposed method reduces overshoots by more than 71.24%, which keeps all damping ratios within the stable region and provides faster stabilization. In comparison to traditional methods, at the highest probability, the proposed method improves damping by over 14.7% and reduces the rates of change of frequency and voltage by over 59.97%. Additionally, the proposed method effectively suppresses the interactions between state variables caused by inverter-based resources, with frequencies ranging from 1.0 Hz to 1.422 Hz. Consequently, these frequencies contribute less than 19.79% To the observed transient responses.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"13 4","pages":"1310-1322"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10916672","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144716309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Frequency Stability Analysis Based on Generation Flexibility and Domain of Attraction for Power Systems with High Proportion of Renewable Energy Sources","authors":"Xiaohui Zhang;Changhong Deng;Qiang Xu;Peng Cao;Wei Li;Li Feng","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2024.000714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2024.000714","url":null,"abstract":"The significant increase in the proportion of renewable energy sources (RESs) has elevated risks of extreme ramp events and frequency instability in power systems. In recent years, frequency stability events have occurred in several countries/regions worldwide due to flexibility deficiencies. Generation flexibility has emerged as a critical factor influencing the frequency stability of power systems. This paper proposes a domain of attraction (DOA)-based quantitative method to assess the frequency stability region of power systems with a high proportion of RESs, considering generation flexibility constraints. First, ramp rate is adopted as the core indicator to characterize generation flexibility within automatic generation control (AGC) timescale, through which a nonlinear AGC model with rate saturation constraints is established. Second, the concept of DOA is introduced to define the stability region of the nonlinear AGC. Third, a quadratic Lyapunov-based estimation method is employed to quantitatively analyze the DOA of the nonlinear AGC at different generation flexibility levels. Simulation results demonstrate that increased generation flexibility expands the estimated DOA of the nonlinear AGC, whereas generation flexibility deficiency induces AGC instability. Moreover, state trajectory and time-domain simulation verify that the proposed estimation method accurately represents the stability region of the nonlinear AGC.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"13 4","pages":"1139-1150"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10916680","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144716123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Large-Signal Analysis and Controller Synthesis of Droop-Based DC Power System with Saturation Constraints","authors":"Jinghan Zhao;Keting Wan;Yongpan Chen;Miao Yu","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2024.000164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2024.000164","url":null,"abstract":"In DC power systems dominated by power electronic devices, constant power loads (CPLs) and saturation components significantly impact large-signal stability. During the large-signal stability analysis process, the presence of multiple state variables and high-order system poses substantial challenges. To address this, considering the complete control dynamics, this paper proposes an equivalent single-machine (ESM) model of the droop-based DC power systems to reduce the complexity of the large-signal analysis. Building on the proposed ESM model, considering the dynamics of CPL and saturation constraints, a region of attraction (ROA) estimation algorithm based on sum of squares (SOS) programming is proposed, which significantly reduces the conservativeness compared with other existing methods. Furthermore, a control parameter optimization algorithm based on SOS programming is proposed with the aim of expanding the ROA. Furthermgre, with the aim of expanding the ROA, controller sythesis is conducted with proposed control parameter optimization algorithm based on SOS programming. Ultimately, simulation experiments validate the accuracy of the proposed ESM model and the proposed ROA estimation algorithm, as well as the effectiveness of the control parameter optimization algorithm.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"13 3","pages":"791-801"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10908516","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhanced Scheduling Strategy for Wind Farm-Flexible Load Joint Operation System","authors":"Tianhui Meng;Jilai Yu","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2024.000244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2024.000244","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing penetration of wind power poses challenges to the power grid operation and scheduling. Yet, if the uncertainty of wind power can be economically and effectively managed on the source side, it can drive the power grids towards renewable-dominant future. In this paper, an enhanced scheduling strategy for wind farm-flexible load joint operation system (WF-FLJOS) is proposed. The proposed strategy is designed to manage the uncertainty of wind power on the generation side when integrated into a large-scale power grid. Moreover, it can contribute to saving energy costs on the load side. Compared with the current wind farm operation rules, more stringent assessment requirements are put forward for wind power output accuracy, and the internal organization framework of WF-FLJOS is designed. For potential power violations of wind farms and flexible loads, the violation penalty mechanisms are developed to regulate the behavior of the participants. The joint operation model of the WF-FLJOS is proposed and the submission and tracking approach of the generation schedule for the wind farm is investigated. Numerical results indicate that the proposed strategy can not only improve the ability of the wind farm to track the generation schedule, but also consider the benefits of both the farm side and the load side. Meanwhile, the proposed strategy effectively reduces the schedule adjustment pressure on the main grid caused by the rolling correction mode of the intraday schedule for wind farms.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"13 4","pages":"1211-1223"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10899103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144716212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}