{"title":"Post-Disaster Recovery of Hybrid AC/DC Cyber-Physical Distribution Systems with Adaptive Switching of VSC Control Modes and Scheduling of Multi-Type Repair Resources","authors":"Xuyuan Gong;Kaigui Xie;Changzheng Shao;Yifan Su;Bo Hu;Dong Zheng","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2025.000145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2025.000145","url":null,"abstract":"The form of hybrid AC/DC is a trend in power distribution systems. The resilience against extreme weather depends on the coordination of cyber and physical systems. Therefore, it is necessary to study the post-disaster recovery of AC/ DC hybrid cyber-physical distribution systems (CPDSs). Voltage source converters (VSCs) are critical cyber-physical devices in hybrid AC/DC distribution systems (HDSs) that offer flexibility in post-disaster recovery. However, existing literature on the role of VSC commonly ignores the unreliable communication. In this paper, we quantify the impact of communication failures on VSCs and propose an adaptive switching model of VSC control modes that enhances both the emergency islanding and service restoration phases of post-disaster recovery. This paper also introduces a scheduling model of multi-type repair resources including power failure repair crews, communication failure repair crews, and emergency communication vehicles for joint the restoration of CPDSs. The system recovery model is also presented. Finally, a novel optimization framework combining adaptive switching of VSC control modes, scheduling of multi-type repair resources, and system recovery is proposed to improve the post-disaster recovery efficiency. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed framework are demonstrated through numerical experiments in a modified IEEE 123-bus system.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"14 2","pages":"615-628"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11152639","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147557768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Review on Electricity-Hydrogen Coupling System: Methodologies, Applications, and Prospects","authors":"Jianlin Li;Zelin Shi;Zhonghao Liang","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2025.000608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2025.000608","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing integration of large-scale renewable energy (RE) sources into power systems, electricity-hydrogen coupling system has emerged as a transformative solution through flexible energy conversion and complementary utilization of electricity and hydrogen. It effectively addresses structural challenges in conventional energy systems regarding spatiotemporal regulation, environmental constraints, and supply security while creating significant opportunities in technological innovation and industrial transformation, accelerating the transition from traditional fossil fuels to clean energy. This paper reviews the strengths and limitations of the electricity-hydrogen coupling system in production, storage, and utilization in scenarios of high RE penetration. It examines the architectural frameworks and current development status of key technologies within the electricity-hydrogen coupling system, and builds on their operational characteristics across multiple timescales to analyze both short-term energy balance control and medium- and long-term optimal dispatch. This paper further investigates representative application scenarios, systematically evaluates demonstration projects deployed, and critically analyzes prevailing challenges alongside prospective research pathways.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"14 2","pages":"399-415"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11189064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147557855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Decentralized Energy Management of Power- and Hydrogen-Based Microgrids in Wholesale Electricity Market as Price-Maker","authors":"Amin Mansour Saatloo;Abbas Mehrabi;Nauman Aslam;Mousa Marzband","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2025.000076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2025.000076","url":null,"abstract":"The global transition toward net zero emissions has accelerated the integration of distributed generators (DGs), particularly renewable energy sources (RESs), energy storage systems, plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), and fuel-cell electric vehicles (FEVs). Therefore, we propose a decentralized energy management model tailored to the operational dynamics of a community of independent microgrids (MGs) at the transmission level, integrated with DGs, PEVs, FEVs, and hydrogen-based technologies, forming power- and hydrogen-based microgrids (P&HMGs). Managed by a third-party aggregator, P&HMGs strategically participate in the wholesale electricity market (WEM) by consolidating bids and offers. The WEM operates between generators and suppliers. The participating generators in WEM are connected to the transmission level, including power plants and large-scale RESs. The strategic behavior of P&HMGs is modeled using bi-level programming that unveils the potential of P&HMGs to synergize and participate in WEM as a price-maker. Moreover, to cope with the data privacy of P&HMGs and improve the scalability and security of MGs, a fast alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) running on a mobile edge computing (MEC) system is proposed as a decentralized energy management approach. Further, a bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) network considering robust optimization is presented to control the intermittency of electrical load and RESs. The results obtained from case studies confirm a considerable reduction in operation costs in light of the proposed model.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"14 2","pages":"642-654"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11207201","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147557861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Power Oscillation Analysis and Suppression for Paralleled System of Diesel Generator and Virtual Synchronous Generator Integrated with Periodic Pulsed Load","authors":"Jiawei Zhao;Jingbo Dong;Huijie Cheng;Leming Zhou","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2025.000255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2025.000255","url":null,"abstract":"Due to structural differences and parameter mismatches, power oscillation may arise when the diesel generator (DG) and virtual synchronous generator (VSG) operate in parallel, especially when the periodic pulsed load (PPL) is integrated. This paper analyses the power oscillation mechanism in the paralleled system of DG and VSG and provides an in-depth discussion of the novel phenomenon of power oscillation induced by PPL. The results show that power oscillation is amplified as the PPL pulse frequency approaches the inherent oscillation frequency of the paralleled system. Furthermore, the inherent control delay of the DG speed governor exacerbates the power oscillation. To address this issue, a dynamic phase compensator (DPC) is proposed and integrated into the VSG control loop. By detecting the difference between the instantaneous output power of VSG and its steady-state theoretical value, the proposed DPC provides additional phase compensation to the VSG output phase, effectively suppressing power oscillation for the paralleled system of DG and VSG integrated with PPL. Finally, experimental results validate the theoretical analysis and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed DPC.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"14 2","pages":"416-429"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11168116","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147557900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bad Data Detection and Identification Based on Graph Neural Network for Power System State Estimation","authors":"Ronald Kfouri;Rabih A. Jabr;Izudin Džafić","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2025.000178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2025.000178","url":null,"abstract":"Despite recent progress in solving the state estimation problem, its real-time performance remains challenged by the presence of bad data, increasing computational demands for detection and identification. A state estimator uses neighboring measurements to estimate the system states, similar to how a graph neural network (GNN) refines node embeddings (bus states) based on messages from neighboring nodes. This paper proposes a GNN-based framework that detects and identifies bad data before providing measurements to the state estimator. The framework incorporates grid topology, employs node and edge features, and exploits correlations of measurement data to enhance identification accuracy. Specifically, an edge-conditioned GNN is developed to transform graph-based features into categories that detect bad measurements and identify their sources. The generated dataset uses historical load profiles and includes conventional and synchrophasor measurements to emulate real-life applications. The proposed framework is tested on MATPOWER 6-bus and IEEE 14-, 30-, 118-, and 300-bus systems. The results demonstrate high accuracy and illustrate graph-learning patterns. Thus, operators can take preventive actions before the bad measurements propagate through the state estimator.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"14 2","pages":"760-772"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11244249","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147557738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammadmahdi Asghari;Amir Ameli;Mohsen Ghafouri;Mohammad N. Uddin
{"title":"Vulnerability Assessment of Power System to Multi-Step Stealthy False Data Injection Attacks","authors":"Mohammadmahdi Asghari;Amir Ameli;Mohsen Ghafouri;Mohammad N. Uddin","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2024.001332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2024.001332","url":null,"abstract":"Stealthy false data injection attacks (SFDIAs) targeting state estimation can bypass the bad data detection module, mislead operators with false system states, and potentially result in erroneous decisions and physical damages. While most existing studies focus on single-step SFDIAs, multi-step SFDIAs pose a greater threat due to their forward-looking nature, where each step is strategically planned to amplify the cumulative impact. Therefore, this paper focuses on multi-step SFDIAs and presents a vulnerability assessment framework that leverages a Markov decision process (MDP) and bi-level optimization to quantify the system vulnerability to this type of attack. The MDP models the sequential and strategic nature of these attacks, with states reflecting evolving system conditions influenced by prior actions. At each state, actions derived through bi-level optimization identify attack vectors that maximize line overloads, potentially triggering the tripping of transmission lines. The MDP is solved using <tex>$Q$</tex>-learning, enabling the calculation of a vulnerability index that assists operators in assessing the impact of multi-step SFDIAs and identifying the attacker's most critical action at each step of multi-step SFDIAs. The effectiveness of the proposed vulnerability assessment framework is validated through simulations on the IEEE 39-bus test system.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"14 2","pages":"748-759"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11131569","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147557856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heshi Wang;Wenxia Liu;Rui Cheng;Fuxin Wang;Tianlong Wang
{"title":"Online Hierarchical Volt/var Control for Unbalanced Distribution Networks Using Diagonal-Scaling Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers","authors":"Heshi Wang;Wenxia Liu;Rui Cheng;Fuxin Wang;Tianlong Wang","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2025.000070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2025.000070","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an online hierarchical volt/var control (VVC) for unbalanced distribution networks using diagonal-scaling alternating direction method of multipliers (DS-ADMM). Under the hierarchical VVC strategy, local photovoltaic (PV) agents only exchange limited information with the center agent and adjust reactive power outputs in real time, with the goal of minimizing the voltage deviations and reactive power regulation costs in the time-varying environment. A diagonalized auxiliary matrix is constructed and developed from the Hessian matrix using preconditioning methods, which is then combined with alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) to design the DS-ADMM with improved convergence speed. The DS-ADMM is applied to the hierarchical VVC strategy, further improving the tracking capability and performance for time-varying environmental changes. Simulation studies on a modified IEEE 123-bus unbalanced distribution network are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the hierarchical VVC strategy using DS-ADMM and its robustness under non-ideal communication conditions, and its scalability is further validated on the modified IEEE 8500-node test feeder.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"14 2","pages":"602-614"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11173248","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147557961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Collaborative Active and Reactive Power Optimization for Distribution Networks and Microgrids with Privacy-Preserving Feasible Operation Regions Based on Non-Iterative Projection Method","authors":"Rufeng Zhang;Haodong Liu;Lizhong Lu;Yunjing Liu;Linbo Fu;Xiaozhuo Guan","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2025.000221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2025.000221","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of numerous distributed energy resources into distribution networks (DNs) can induce large voltage fluctuations and network loss. We introduce a collaborative active and reactive power optimization (CARPO) method for DNs and microgrids (MGs) to efficiently improve the voltage quality and mitigate network loss. First, the CARPO method and models for the DNs and MGs (DMs) are intended to reduce voltage deviations, minimize network loss, and improve the operation efficiency of the entire system. Second, to protect MGs, we aggregate privacy-preserving feasible operation regions of the active and reactive power outputs from distributed energy resources in MGs. A scaled-down MG equivalent model, which ensures high accuracy, is derived for optimal DN operation. Third, based on the equivalent projection theory, the optimal operation flow of DMs with non-iterative projection method is achieved to reduce the computational complexity. The DM model is decomposed into sub-models for the DM levels. The optimal solutions of the coordination variables are obtained for MG power scheduling. Finally, the proposed CARPO method is evaluated through simulation in a modified IEEE 33-bus DN. The results demonstrate that the proposed CARPO method can optimize the system operation and improve the economy of DMs.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"14 2","pages":"629-641"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11269007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147558003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transfer Learning-Based Model Training for Short-Term Load Forecasting","authors":"Bozhen Jiang;Hongyuan Yang;Yidi Wang;Qin Wang;Hua Geng","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2024.000940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2024.000940","url":null,"abstract":"The smart grid infrastructure has recorded extensive real-time electricity consumption data, particularly at the levels of distribution transformers and below for short-term load forecasting (STLF). However, training individual short-term load forecasting model (SLFM) for each STLF scenario at these levels substantially increases the computational costs. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a transfer learning-based model training method for STLF. The proposed method is rooted in transfer learning principles and tailored to the unique characteristics of the aforementioned levels, incorporating several key steps. First, an approach for extracting key peak and valley points based on peak width and peak prominence is proposed for simplifying the evaluation of load sequence similarity. Subsequently, these key points are clustered using a density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise approach to ensure proper alignment along the time axis. Secondly, temporal and distribution similarity metrics are introduced to establish a performance guarantee for the transferred SLFM. Subsequently, a hierarchical clustering method groups load sequences, utilizing temporal similarity to quantify distances among sequences and distribution similarity to optimize cluster number selection. To minimize generalization error and further reduce computational costs, a modified bagging method is proposed and applied during the transferred SLFM fine-tuning. Empirical evidence from a study conducted in Guiyang, China demonstrates that the proposed method maintains the SLFM performance without degradation and significantly reduces computational costs by a minimum of 92.23% across multiple scenarios.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"14 2","pages":"590-601"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11145200","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147557794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bidding Method for EV Aggregators in Flexible Ramping Product Trading Market Considering Charging and Swapping Flexibility Aggregation","authors":"Xu Wang;Hanxiao Wu;Guanxun Diao;Chen Fang;Canbing Li;Kai Gong;Chuanwen Jiang;Wentao Huang;Shenxi Zhang","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2025.000358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2025.000358","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible ramping product (FRP) trading has emerged as a highly effective solution to cope with the volatility and uncertainty introduced by the increasing integration of renewable energy sources. This paper proposes a bidding method for electric vehicle aggregators (EVAs) in the FRP trading market. To effectively articulate the spatiotemporal operational characteristics intrinsic to EVAs, a charging and swapping flexibility aggregation model is formulated. The model is developed by accurately simulating the charging and swapping demands of plug-in electric vehicles and battery-swapping electric vehicles in different charging modes. A novel bilevel optimization model is developed to address the conflicting objectives in the FRP trading market between the EVAs and electric vehicles (EVs), aiming to optimize the incentive prices and charging strategies. The upper level optimizes the bidding profits of EVAs, whereas the lower level models the EV charging behavior using the charging and swapping flexibility aggregation model. To solve the high computational complexity of the high-dimensional nonconvex optimization problem owing to the vast number of EVs, a data-driven evolutionary algorithm incorporated with a zebra optimization algorithm is adopted. Owing to the limited data available for training high-quality agent models in real scenarios, a semi-supervised learning-based tri-training algorithm is adopted to enhance the efficiency of data utilization. Case studies validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"14 2","pages":"682-694"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11173199","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147557862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}