{"title":"A Comprehensive Review on Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading: Key Research Domains, Key Factors, Opportunities, and Challenges","authors":"Changsen Feng;Fengwei Zhou;Haoqingzi Shen;Jiaying Wang;Licheng Wang;Fushuan Wen;Youbing Zhang","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2025.000752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2025.000752","url":null,"abstract":"With the global energy transition towards more decentralized and sustainable systems, peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading has emerged as a prominent energy exchange model, attracting increasing attention from both academia and industry. P2P energy trading not only facilitates the efficient utilization of distributed energy resources (DERs) but also enables autonomous energy transactions. This paper provides a comprehensive review on P2P energy trading, starting with an explanation of the P2P energy network, P2P market structures, and blockchain in P2P energy trading. The main body reviews existing research from six key research domains: trading platform, market clearing method, security, uncertainty, modeling of users' behavior, and experimental validation. Subsequently, the paper discusses key factors in deployment of P2P energy trading systems. Finally, opportunities and challenges in the future are outlined, and conclusions are drawn.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"14 5","pages":"1568-1584"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11536773","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149033423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Forecasting-Aided State Estimation Framework for Distribution Networks with Multi-Source Measurement Data Fusion","authors":"Yuanshi Zhang;Qirui Chen;Haizhou Liu;Qinran Hu;Bingxu Zhai","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2025.000259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2025.000259","url":null,"abstract":"Real-time state estimation underpins advanced applications in distribution networks by revealing system operating conditions with high fidelity. Intelligent measurement terminals increasingly combine heterogeneous measurements, including micro-phasor measurement units (μPMUs), remote terminal units (RTUs), and data transmission units (DTUs). Their complementary strengths can overcome traditional limits in time resolution and accuracy. However, heterogeneous formats, asynchronous updates, and complex temporal dynamics challenge conventional estimators. This paper proposes a unified real-time forecasting-aided state estimation (FASE) framework for distribution networks with multi-source measurement data fusion that fuses μPMU, RTU, and DTU data. A long short-term memory (LSTM)-based data imputation method is designed to effectively align delayed RTU and DTU updates with μPMU sampling, markedly reducing imputation errors versus linear and historical-average baselines. Unified measurement equations are formulated for all devices. An improved cubature Kalman filter (CKF) with adaptive robust weighting is adopted to enhance numerical stability and outlier resilience. To capture multimodal operating regimes driven by variable distributed energy resources, a Gaussian mixture model (GMM)-based approach is integrated into the distribution network state transition. Validated on the IEEE 33-bus and 118-bus systems, the proposed FASE framework achieves higher estimation accuracy and computational efficiency than extended Kalman filter (EKF), unscented Kalman filter (UKF), and traditional CKF while meeting real-time constraints.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"14 5","pages":"1806-1819"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11393676","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149034213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electric Vehicle Incentivization Framework to Provide Local Reserve Capacity for PV Power Generation in Green Power Direct Supply","authors":"Zhan Liu;Yue Zhou;Wei Gan;Hongtao Ren;Fushuan Wen","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2025.000627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2025.000627","url":null,"abstract":"Low-voltage photovoltaic (PV) expansion reduces energy revenue of utility grid but leaves reserve capacity and costs unchanged and hard to quantify. To address this issue, the utility grid promotes the green power direct supply scheme that deliver PV energy to consumers in behind-the-meter (BTM) community without relying on public transmission lines. With a clear ownership boundary, the utility grid can accurately measure and share the previously neglected cost of providing reserve capacity, thereby encouraging PV power generation to seek local reserve capacity in the BTM community to reduce cost. Dedicated slow-charging electric vehicle (EV) facilities in the BTM community, servicing EVs that have fixed arrival and departure schedules and long parking durations, can offer local reserve capacity to mitigate PV power deviations. This paper proposes an EV incentivization framework to provide local reserve capacity for PV power generation in the green power direct supply scheme. First, a stochastic optimization model is established to evaluate expected residual PV power deviation costs and determine the corresponding local reserve capacity demand. Second, a bi-level Stackelberg game model is formulated to describe the multi-round bargaining between the charging facility operator (CFO) and EV users. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed EV incentivization framework effectively aggregates EV adjustable power, reduces PV power deviation penalties, and alleviates the reserve capacity burden of the utility grid.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"14 5","pages":"1857-1868"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11495401","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149034217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Javier García-Aguilar;Aurelio García-Cerrada;Juan L. Zamora;Emilio J. Bueno;Elena Saiz;Almudena Muñoz-Babiano;Mohammad E. Zarei
{"title":"Coordinated Multi-Loop Control Design of VSM-Controlled DFIGs in Wind Farm to Tackle Intra-Machine Controller Interactions","authors":"Javier García-Aguilar;Aurelio García-Cerrada;Juan L. Zamora;Emilio J. Bueno;Elena Saiz;Almudena Muñoz-Babiano;Mohammad E. Zarei","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2025.000640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2025.000640","url":null,"abstract":"The displacement of synchronous generators by converter-interfaced renewable energy sources requires wind farms to provide inertia, damping, and voltage support, particularly in increasingly weak grids. Based on classical frequency-domain loop-shaping techniques, this paper presents a coordinated multi-loop control design methodology of virtual synchronous machine (VSM)-controlled doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) in a wind farm to tackle the intra-machine controller interactions. Starting from an initial tuning and a full small-signal linearisation, every local open loop is redesigned to meet explicit phase margin targets through a single and prioritised iteration. The resulting controllers achieve step responses and stability margins close to those programmed at the design stage, despite the cross-coupling between control loops. Results can be improved further if a few more design iterations are carried out. Since the controller synthesis relies exclusively on classical loop-shaping tools available in commercial simulation software, it is directly applicable to industrial-scale projects.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"14 5","pages":"1756-1767"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11495402","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149034445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Matching-Based Energy and Carbon Sharing for Prosumers Considering Social Behavior and Low-Carbon Preferences","authors":"Lu Tan;Nian Liu;Jie Huang;Haonan Sun;Kai Jiang","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2025.000690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2025.000690","url":null,"abstract":"Peer-to-peer (P2P) energy and carbon sharing among prosumers promotes the local decarbonization, yet it faces new challenges due to the dynamic roles and heterogeneous individual characteristics of prosumers. This paper considers the social behavior and low-carbon preferences of prosumers, and proposes a novel matching-based energy and carbon sharing scheme. First, a bidirectional carbon emission obligation transfer model via sensitivity coefficients is developed, enabling dynamic allocation of emission °bligation based on the energy sharing strategies of prosumers. Second, the hybrid preference model of prosumers in P2P energy and carbon sharing is formulated, which integrates, besides economic-based preferences, the considerations of social behavior and low-carbon preferences. Third, a supply-demand ratio (SDR) based proposal method combined with a modified stable matching algorithm is developed, achieving faster market clearing than conventional alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) methods while guaranteeing weak Pareto-optimality. Implemented on an IEEE 33-bus system with 32 prosumers, the proposed matching-based energy and carbon sharing scheme can enhance the participation of prosumers, encourage prosumers to choose cleaner energy, and then reduce the total carbon emissions of cluster.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"14 5","pages":"1869-1881"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11393677","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149034219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Frequency-Constrained Economic Dispatch via Physics-Informed Piecewise Linearization Under $N-1$ Contingencies","authors":"Danyang Xu;Yongzhe Li;Zhigang Wu;Lin Guan","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2025.000344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2025.000344","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a frequency constrained economic dispatch (FCED) method designed to prevent frequency violations under <tex>$N-1$</tex> contingencies, encompassing both generator outages and high-voltage direct current (HVDC) infeed losses. Firstly, the coordinated frequency dynamics of synchronous generators, wind turbines, and HVDC lines are modeled, and the resulting frequency constraints are derived. To address the challenging frequency nadir (FN) constraint, a physics-informed piecewise linearization (PI-PWL) model is introduced to learn the FN security boundary. The formulation of the proposed FCED method is then presented, incorporating frequency constraints under <tex>$N-1$</tex> contingencies. Additionally, an error-aware constraint cut (EACC) is proposed to eliminate errors introduced by data-driven methods and accelerate solution convergence. Case studies on the modified IEEE 39-bus and IEEE 118-bus test systems validate the effectiveness of the proposed FCED method. Results indicate that the proposed PI-PWL model more accurately captures the FN security boundary than the traditional PWL (T-PWL) model, particularly in scenarios with limited unstable samples. Moreover, the proposed FCED method ensures frequency security under <tex>$N-1$</tex> contingencies, while the EACC effectively eliminates approximation errors and accelerates convergence compared with fixed-step constraint cuts.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"14 5","pages":"1597-1608"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11370561","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149033437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simian Pang;Yongbiao Yang;Qingshan Xu;Jiao Du;Jiancheng Yu;Chao Pang
{"title":"Multi-Market Demand Response Bidding Strategy for Load Aggregators Based on Bilateral Time Granularity Matching Framework","authors":"Simian Pang;Yongbiao Yang;Qingshan Xu;Jiao Du;Jiancheng Yu;Chao Pang","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2025.000812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2025.000812","url":null,"abstract":"Power systems with renewable energy penetration increasingly rely on flexible loads to provide ancillary services, including emergency DR, renewable energy consumption, peak shaving, and valley filling. However, the demand response (DR) characteristics of diversified loads such as long DR delay time and ramp-up time do not match the high-resolution bidding and fast-response requirements of ancillary services. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a multi-market DR bidding strategy for load aggregators (LAs). First, the specific bidding resolution and response frequency rules of emergency DR, renewable energy consumption, peak shaving, and valley filling are analyzed, leading to the establishment of a market-side time granularity model. Meanwhile, the DR characteristics of flexible loads, including DR delay time, ramp-up time, and duration, are reformulated into a load-side time granularity model based on DR deviation penalty rules. A bilateral time granularity matching framework is then constructed to enable coarsegrained loads to participate in fine-grained markets through coordinated aggregation. To enable the distributed optimization of DR bidding plans and load response schedules under the management of LAs, a multi-market DR bidding strategy based on bilateral time granularity matching framework is developed. Case studies demonstrate that the proposed strategy effectively unlocks the time flexibility of diversified loads, allowing them to participate in multiple markets and maximize economic benefits.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"14 5","pages":"1882-1895"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11471005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149033684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Non-Cooperative Game Optimization of Urban Energy Systems Based on Inner-Outer Iterative Method","authors":"Chenxu Yin;Yonghui Sun;Dongliang Xie;Fan Sheng;Liang Zhao","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2025.000695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2025.000695","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the increasingly tight energy coupling in urban energy systems, which are composed of the power distribution network (PDN), the transportation network (TN), and the gas distribution network (GDN). A non-cooperative game optimization model for the urban energy system is developed, to achieve coordinated optimization among these three different energy networks operated by independent stakeholders. To avoid excessive sharing of private information, an inner-outer iterative method is further proposed to obtain the Nash equilibrium and enhance solving efficiency. In the proposed method, each energy network is iteratively optimized by exchanging only the price and load information, and the network parameters are not disclosed. In the inner layer, the PDN-TN coupled subsystem and the PDN-GDN coupled subsystem are solved separately. In the outer layer, interactions between charging loads and gas prices are coordinated through the PDN, thereby enabling cross-network coordination of urban energy systems. Case studies demonstrate that the convergence speed of the PDN- TN coupled subsystem is significantly improved by dynamically adjusting the electricity price based on sensitivity coefficients. Balanced resource allocation of the urban energy system is achieved through the non-cooperative game, while autonomy of all stakeholders is preserved. Energy procurement costs are reduced by up to 25.56% compared with that of the PDN-TN coupled subsystem.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"14 5","pages":"1720-1731"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11458069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149034039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhi Rui;Xiaoyuan Xu;Zheng Yan;Bin Qian;Xiaoming Lin
{"title":"Risk Assessment of Coupled Transportation Network and Distribution Network Considering Charging Power Restriction and Uncertainty Factors","authors":"Zhi Rui;Xiaoyuan Xu;Zheng Yan;Bin Qian;Xiaoming Lin","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2025.000941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2025.000941","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing interdependence between transportation networks (TNs) and distribution networks (DNs) presents significant challenges for the analysis and risk assessment of coupled networks. This paper presents a risk assessment framework of coupled TN and DN (TDN) considering charging power restriction and uncertainty factors, simulating operations through a coordinated optimization model. The model incorporates charging power restrictions for fast charging stations (FC-Ss). To enhance computation efficiency, nonlinear constraints are linearized, and an accuracy-aware adaptive piecewise linearization method is utilized. Random variables within the coupled TDN are employed as inputs to develop a surrogate model based on the Gaussian process regression method, complemented by suitable kernel functions designed for the scenarios with numerous discrete categorical variables. A global sensitivity analysis is conducted to identify the continuous and discrete uncertainty factors that significantly impact system performance. The proposed risk assessment framework serves as a valuable tool for evaluating the coupled TDN and facilitating the identification of continuous and discrete uncertainty factors affecting network operation while revealing risks associated with failures in the operation of coupled TDN.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"14 5","pages":"1732-1743"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11522665","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149034214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhanced Bi-Layer Iterative Stochastic Robust Planning Method for Shared Rental Energy Storage in Industrial Microgrids","authors":"Yanxin Wang;Jiajia Chen;Ping Li;Yanlei Zhao;Bingyin Xu","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2025.000822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2025.000822","url":null,"abstract":"The synergistic installation of energy storage (ES) and photovoltaic (PV) systems in industrial microgrids plays an irreplaceable role in improving energy efficiency, curbing carbon emission growth, and promoting sustainable economic development. However, the high initial investment costs of ES, coupled with the inherent uncertainty and volatility of PV, have restricted the large-scale application of ES. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an enhanced bi-layer iterative stochastic robust planning method for shared rental ES (SRES) in industrial microgrids. The upper layer develops a multi-objective probabilistic information gap decision theory (IGDT) method to investigate the optimal capacity and power of SRES among industrial microgrids under PV uncertainty. The lower layer proposes a demand power defense-driven distributed model predictive control (DMPC) method to manage the leased power from SRES to industrial microgrid. Numerical results demonstrate that compared with the self-built ES and shared ES, SRES achieves economic benefit improvements of 2.37% and 2.42%, respectively. The proposed planning method effectively mitigates the impact of PV uncertainty, enhances demand power defense capability, and significantly improves overall economic efficiency.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"14 5","pages":"1845-1856"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11511449","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149034216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}