Neural Plasticity最新文献

{"title":"Reduced Expression of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Beta 2 Restores Neuronal Injury and Improves Cognitive Dysfunction Induced by A<i>β</i>1-42.","authors":"Shan Li,&nbsp;Guo-Ji Yan,&nbsp;Ya-Xin Tan,&nbsp;Lu-Lu Xue,&nbsp;Ting-Hua Wang,&nbsp;Hao-Ran Zhao,&nbsp;Min-Nan Lu,&nbsp;Hui-Xiang Zhang,&nbsp;Rong Mei,&nbsp;Xiao-Han Dong,&nbsp;Li-Na Liu,&nbsp;Dan Wang,&nbsp;Yan-Bin Xiyang","doi":"10.1155/2022/3995227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3995227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Voltage-gated sodium channel beta 2 (Nav2.2 or Nav<i>β</i>2, coded by SCN2B mRNA), a gene involved in maintaining normal physiological functions of the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, might be associated with prefrontal cortex aging and memory decline. This study investigated the effects of Nav<i>β</i>2 in amyloid-<i>β</i> 1-42- (A<i>β</i>1-42-) induced neural injury model and the potential underlying molecular mechanism. The results showed that Nav<i>β</i>2 knockdown restored neuronal viability of A<i>β</i>1-42-induced injury in neurons; increased the contents of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), enzyme neprilysin (NEP) protein, and NEP enzyme activity; and effectively altered the proportions of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolites including A<i>β</i>42, sAPP<i>α</i>, and sAPP<i>β</i>, thus ameliorating cognitive dysfunction. This may be achieved through regulating NEP transcription and APP metabolism, accelerating A<i>β</i> degradation, alleviating neuronal impairment, and regulating BDNF-related signal pathways to repair neuronal synaptic efficiency. This study provides novel evidence indicating that Nav<i>β</i>2 plays crucial roles in the repair of neuronal injury induced by A<i>β</i>1-42 both <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":51299,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":"2022 ","pages":"3995227"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9671742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10428829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ulinastatin Alleviates Repetitive Ketamine Exposure-Evoked Cognitive Impairment in Adolescent Mice.","authors":"Yu Hong,&nbsp;Shiyu Meng,&nbsp;Shouping Wang,&nbsp;Ting Liu,&nbsp;Jiayi Liu","doi":"10.1155/2022/6168284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6168284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ketamine (KET) is widely used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia, and long-term use is required for treatment of depression patients. Repeated use of KET is associated with mood and memory disorders. Ulinastatin (UTI), a urinary trypsin inhibitor, has been widely undertaken as an anti-inflammatory drug and proved to have neuroprotective effects. The aim of this work was to determine whether prophylactic use of UTI could attenuate KET-induced cognitive impairment. It was found that repetitive KET anesthesia cause cognitive and emotional disorders in adolescent mice in WMZ and OFT test, while UTI pretreatment reversed the poor performance compared to the AK group, and the platform finding time and center crossing time were obviously short in the CK+UTI group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Our ELISA experiment results discovered that UTI pretreatment reduced the expression levels of IL-1<i>β</i> and IL-6 induced by CK anesthesia compared to AK (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In addition, UTI pretreatment protected the cognitive function by restraining the expression levels of Tau protein, Tau phospho-396 protein, and A<i>β</i> protein in the CK group compared to the AK group in Western blotting (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The results suggested that UTI could act as a new strategy to prevent the neurotoxicity of KET, revealing a significant neuroprotective effect of UTI.</p>","PeriodicalId":51299,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":"2022 ","pages":"6168284"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9763019/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10772939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Nerve Growth Factor Therapeutics for Brain Injury: The Current Translational Challenges in Preclinical and Clinical Research.","authors":"Serena-Kaye Sims,&nbsp;Brynna Wilken-Resman,&nbsp;Crystal J Smith,&nbsp;Ashley Mitchell,&nbsp;Lilly McGonegal,&nbsp;Catrina Sims-Robinson","doi":"10.1155/2022/3889300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3889300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are among the leading causes of death and disability worldwide with impairments ranging from mild to severe. Many therapies are aimed at improving functional and cognitive recovery by targeting neural repair but have encountered issues involving efficacy and drug delivery. As a result, therapeutic options for patients are sparse. Neurotrophic factors are one of the key mediators of neural plasticity and functional recovery. Neurotrophic factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) serve as potential therapeutic options to increase neural repair and recovery as they promote neuroprotection and regeneration. BDNF and NGF have demonstrated the ability to improve functional recovery in preclinical and to a lesser extent clinical studies. Direct and indirect methods to increase levels of neurotrophic factors in animal models have been successful in improving postinjury outcome measures. However, the translation of these studies into clinical trials has been limited. Preclinical experiments have largely failed to result in significant impacts in clinical research. This review will focus on the administration of these neurotrophic factors in preclinical and clinical stroke and TBI and the challenges in translating these therapies from the bench to the clinic.</p>","PeriodicalId":51299,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":"2022 ","pages":"3889300"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8906958/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10865392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of TGF-<i>β</i>1-Mediated Exercise Analgesia in Spared Nerve Injury Mice.","authors":"Xinzheng Sun,&nbsp;Chenghao Wang,&nbsp;Junqi Wu,&nbsp;Xiaoke Chen,&nbsp;Hui He","doi":"10.1155/2022/7382327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7382327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peripheral nerve injury leads to severe neuropathic pain. Previous studies have highlighted the beneficial effects of physical exercise on alleviating neuropathic pain. Exercise regulating transforming growth factor-<i>β</i>1 (TGF-<i>β</i>1) can improve several diseases and relieve neuropathic pain induced by peripheral nerve injury. Here, we investigated whether exercise could alleviate neuropathic pain by modulating TGF-<i>β</i>1 expression. We assessed mechanical and cold pain behavior and conducted molecular evaluation of the spinal cord. We found that spared nerve injury (SNI) led to mechanical and cold allodynia in the hind paw, elevated the expression of latency-associated peptide- (LAP-) TGF-<i>β</i>1, and activated astroglial in the spinal cord. Exercise decreases allodynia, astroglial activation, and LAP-TGF-<i>β</i>1 in SNI mice. Intrathecal injection of a TGF-type I receptor inhibitor attenuated exercise analgesia and enhanced astroglial activation. These findings demonstrate that exercise induces analgesia by promoting TGF-<i>β</i>1 activation and inhibiting astrogliosis. Our study reveals a new underlying mechanism for exercise-attenuated neuropathic pain in the maintenance stage of neuropathic pain after nerve injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":51299,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":"2022 ","pages":"7382327"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9729053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10480023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Effects of Vitamin C against Neomycin-Induced Apoptosis in HEI-OC1 Auditory Cell.","authors":"Liang Gong,&nbsp;Biao Chen,&nbsp;Jingyuan Chen,&nbsp;Yongxin Li","doi":"10.1155/2022/1298692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1298692","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ototoxic hearing loss results from hair cell death via reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and consequent apoptosis. We investigated the effects of vitamin C (VC) on neomycin-induced HEI-OC1 cell damage, as well as the mechanism of inhibition. HEI-OC1 cells were treated with neomycin or with vitamin C (VC). The results indicated that VC had a protective effect on neomycin-induced HEI-OC1 cell death. Mechanistically, VC decreased neomycin-induced ROS generation, suppressed cell death, and increased cell viability. VC inhibited neomycin-induced apoptosis, ameliorated neomycin reduced antiapoptotic Bcl-2 expression, and suppressed neomycin increased expression of proapoptotic Bax, caspase-3 cleavage and caspase-8. TUNEL labeling demonstrated that VC blocked neomycin-induced apoptosis. Further study revealed that the effect of VC on neomycin-induced hair cell death was through interference with JNK activation and p38 phosphorylation. These results indicate that VC via suppressed ROS generation, which inhibited cell death by counteracting apoptotic signaling induced by neomycin in cells. Hence, VC is a potential candidate for protection agent against neomycin-induced HEI-OC1 cell ototoxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":51299,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":"2022 ","pages":"1298692"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9117069/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10243311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive Power of Cognitive Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Disease Drug Development: Utility of the P300 Event-Related Potential.","authors":"John Olichney,&nbsp;Jiangyi Xia,&nbsp;Kevin J Church,&nbsp;Hans J Moebius","doi":"10.1155/2022/2104880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2104880","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), and their associated deterioration of cognitive function are common causes of disability. The slowly developing pathology of neurodegenerative diseases necessitates early diagnosis and monitored long-term treatment. Lack of effective therapies coupled with an improved rate of early diagnosis in our aging population have created an urgent need for the development of novel drugs, as well as the need for reliable biomarkers for treatment response. These issues are especially relevant for AD, in which the rate of clinical trial drug failures has been very high. Frequently used biomarker evaluation procedures, such as positron emission tomography or cerebrospinal fluid measurements of phospho-tau and amyloid beta, are invasive and costly, and not universally available or accessible. This review considers the functionality of the event-related potential (ERP) P300 methodology as a surrogate biomarker for predicting the procognitive potential of drugs in clinical development for neurocognitive disorders. Through the application of standardized electroencephalography (EEG) described here, ERP P300 can be reliably measured. The P300 waveform objectively measures large-scale neuronal network functioning and working memory processes. Increased ERP P300 latency has been reported throughout the literature in disorders of cognition, supporting the potential utility of ERP P300 as a biomarker in many neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, including AD. Specifically, evidence presented here supports ERP P300 latency as a quantitative, unbiased measure for detecting changes in cognition in patients with AD dementia through the progression from mild to moderate cognitive impairment and after drug treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":51299,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":"2022 ","pages":"2104880"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9666049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10483223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Role of Additional Mirror Therapy on the Recovery of Upper Extremity Motor Function after Stroke: A Single-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Xin Wen,&nbsp;Li Li,&nbsp;Xuelian Li,&nbsp;Huanghong Zha,&nbsp;Zicai Liu,&nbsp;Yang Peng,&nbsp;Xuejin Liu,&nbsp;Huiyu Liu,&nbsp;Quan Yang,&nbsp;Jing Wang","doi":"10.1155/2022/8966920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8966920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rehabilitation of upper extremity hemiplegia after stroke remains a great clinical challenge, with only 20% of patients achieving a basic return to normal hand function. How to promote the recovery of motor function at an early stage is crucial to the life of the patient.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To invest the effects of additional mirror therapy in improving upper limb motor function and activities of daily living in acute and subacute stroke patients, and further explore the effects of other factors on the efficacy of MT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants who presented with unilateral upper extremity paralysis due to a first ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke were included in the study. They were randomly allocated to the experimental or control group. Patients in the control group received occupational therapy for 30 minutes each session, six times a week, for three weeks, while patients in the experimental group received 30 minutes of additional mirror therapy based on occupational therapy. The primary outcome measures were Fugl-Meyer Assessment-upper extremity (FMA-UE), Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), and Instrumental Activity of Daily Living (IADL) which were evaluated by two independent occupational therapists before treatment and after 3-week treatment. A paired <i>t</i>-test was used to compare the values between pretreatment and posttreatment within an individual group. Two-sample <i>t</i>-test was utilized to compare the changes (baseline to postintervention) between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 52 stroke patients with unilateral upper extremity motor dysfunction who were able to actively cooperate with the training were included in this study. At baseline, no significant differences were found between groups regarding demographic and clinical characteristics (<i>P</i> > 0.05 for all). Upper limb motor function and ability to perform activities of daily living of the patients were statistically improved in both groups towards the third week (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In addition, statistical analyses showed more significant improvements in the score changes of FMA-UE and IADL in the experimental group compared to the control group after treatment (<i>P</i> < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed in the ARAT score changes between the two groups (<i>P</i> > 0.05). The subgroup analysis showed that no significant heterogeneity was observed in age, stroke type, lesion side, and clinical stage (<i>P</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, some positive changes in aspects of upper limb motor function and the ability to perform instrumental activities of daily living compared with routine occupational therapy were observed in additional mirror therapy. Therefore, the application of additional mirror therapy training should be reconsidered to improve upper extremity motor in stroke patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":51299,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":"2022 ","pages":"8966920"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9825233/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9279939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of High-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Neurobehavioral and Electrophysiology in Patients with Disorders of Consciousness.","authors":"Jian-Min Chen,&nbsp;Qing-Fa Chen,&nbsp;Zhi-Yong Wang,&nbsp;Yang-Jia Chen,&nbsp;Nan-Nan Zhang,&nbsp;Jian-Wen Xu,&nbsp;Jun Ni","doi":"10.1155/2022/7195699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7195699","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) has been proposed as a promising therapeutic intervention for patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC). However, its therapeutic effects in the literature are inconsistently documented. The primary aim of this study was to explore the alterations in neural connectivity and neurobehavioral reactivity during rTMS modulation in patients with DOC. In addition, safety was investigated as a secondary aim.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The presence of bilateral N20 components in DOC patients was determined by somatosensory-evoked potential (SEP) before enrollment in the study. A total of 64 patients were enrolled and randomly placed into the active and sham groups. Ultimately, 50 patients completed the study. Twenty-five patients in the active group underwent real HF-rTMS, and 25 patients in the sham group underwent sham HF-rTMS, which was delivered over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The outcome measures of performed pre- and postintervention included the latencies of the N20 and N20-P25 amplitudes of SEP, brainstem auditory-evoked potential (BAEP) grade, JFK Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) score, and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score; any adverse events were recorded at any time during the intervention.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Result: &lt;/strong&gt;Following six weeks of treatment, a significant increase was observed in the total CRS-R and GCS scores, and the N20-P25 amplitudes of patients in the two groups were compared with that obtained from preintervention (all &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; values &lt; 0.05). The waves of BAEP in the two groups also showed a trend toward normalized activity compared with preintervention grades (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; values &lt; 0.05). A significant decrease in the latencies of N20 (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; values &lt; 0.001) was observed in the active group compared with measurements obtained from preintervention, whereas no significant decrease was observed in the sham group (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; values = 0.013). The improvement in total CRS-R scores (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; values = 0.002), total GCS scores (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; values = 0.023), and N20-P25 amplitudes (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; values = 0.011) as well as the decrease in latencies of N20 (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; values = 0.018) and change in BAEP grades (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; values = 0.013) were significantly different between the two groups. The parameters in neural connectivity (N20-P25 amplitudes, N20 latencies, and BAEP grades) were significantly correlated with the total CRS-R and GCS scores at postintervention, and the changes of CRS-R before and after interventions have a positive relationship with N20-P25 amplitudes. No adverse events related to the rTMS protocol were recorded.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Neural connectivity levels are affected by HF-rTMS and are significantly related to clinical responses in DOC patients with the presence of bilateral N20. The elevation of neural connectivity levels may lay a foundation for successful HF-rTMS treatment for DO","PeriodicalId":51299,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":"2022 ","pages":"7195699"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9699789/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10790008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Exerts Neuroprotective Effects and Improves Motor Functions in Hemiparkinsonian Rats.","authors":"Tsung-Hsun Hsieh,&nbsp;Xiao-Kuo He,&nbsp;Hui-Hua Liu,&nbsp;Jia-Jin J Chen,&nbsp;Chih-Wei Peng,&nbsp;Hao-Li Liu,&nbsp;Alexander Rotenberg,&nbsp;Ko-Ting Chen,&nbsp;Ming-Yuan Chang,&nbsp;Yung-Hsiao Chiang,&nbsp;Pi-Kai Chang,&nbsp;Chi-Wei Kuo","doi":"10.1155/2021/1763533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1763533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a popular noninvasive technique for modulating motor cortical plasticity and has therapeutic potential for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the therapeutic benefits and related mechanisms of rTMS in PD are still uncertain. Accordingly, preclinical animal research is helpful for enabling translational research to explore an effective therapeutic strategy and for better understanding the underlying mechanisms. Therefore, the current study was designed to identify the therapeutic effects of rTMS on hemiparkinsonian rats. A hemiparkinsonian rat model, induced by unilateral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), was applied to evaluate the therapeutic potential of rTMS in motor functions and neuroprotective effect of dopaminergic neurons. Following early and long-term rTMS intervention with an intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) paradigm (starting 24 h post-6-OHDA lesion, 1 session/day, 7 days/week, for a total of 4 weeks) in awake hemiparkinsonian rats, the effects of rTMS on the performance in detailed functional behavioral tests, including video-based gait analysis, the bar test for akinesia, apomorphine-induced rotational analysis, and tests of the degeneration level of dopaminergic neurons, were identified. We found that four weeks of rTMS intervention significantly reduced the aggravation of PD-related symptoms post-6-OHDA lesion. Immunohistochemically, the results showed that tyrosine hydroxylase- (TH-) positive neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and fibers in the striatum were significantly preserved in the rTMS treatment group. These findings suggest that early and long-term rTMS with the iTBS paradigm exerts neuroprotective effects and mitigates motor impairments in a hemiparkinsonian rat model. These results further highlight the potential therapeutic effects of rTMS and confirm that long-term rTMS treatment might have clinical relevance and usefulness as an additional treatment approach in individuals with PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":51299,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":"2021 ","pages":"1763533"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8723880/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9095193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three Mediating Pathways of Anxiety and Security in the Relationship between Coping Style and Disordered Eating Behaviors among Chinese Female College Students.","authors":"Wenyue Han,&nbsp;Zheng Zheng,&nbsp;Ning Zhang","doi":"10.1155/2021/7506754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7506754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>According to previous studies, eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors are associated with coping style, anxiety, and sense of security. However, the specific mechanism between them has not been elucidated. The purpose of this study was to explore whether anxiety and sense of security play mediating roles in coping style and disordered eating behaviors among Chinese female college students.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Six hundred and ninety-one female college students (mean age = 19.36; SD = 1.06) completed the Simple Coping Style Questionnaire, the Eating Disorder Inventory, the Security Questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and a brief demographic survey. The percentage bootstrap method of deviation correction was conducted to determine the mediating effect of anxiety and sense of security on coping style and disordered eating behaviors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Coping style had direct and indirect effects on disordered eating behaviors. Anxiety and sense of security were not only independent mediators in the relationship between coping style and disordered eating behaviors but also chain mediators.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of the current study provide preliminary evidence that preventive interventions targeting anxiety and sense of security may be feasible for young women who develop disordered eating behaviors due to stress in their lives.</p>","PeriodicalId":51299,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":"2021 ","pages":"7506754"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8478589/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10165360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}