International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems最新文献

{"title":"A Passive Islanding Method to Improve the Stability of Power Supply to Critical Loads in a Real Distribution Network","authors":"Bemdoo Saka,&nbsp;Jacob Tsado,&nbsp;Vedat Kiray,&nbsp;Suleiman Usman Hussein","doi":"10.1155/etep/7693707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/etep/7693707","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This study proposed a modified passive islanding technique that combines over/under frequency (OUF), rate of change of frequency (ROCOF), rate of change of phase angle difference (ROCPAD), and rate of change of voltage (ROCOV) for sensing of islanding and nonislanding conditions. The technique was implemented in MATLAB/Simulink and applied to the distribution network of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) of Nigeria containing 120 buses to maintain a stable power supply to its critical loads during grid outages. The method utilized the frequency, voltage, and current signals as input to the combined method. For each of the relays, the low threshold was for a fast operation while the high threshold was for a secure operation. First, the OUF, ROCOF, ROCOV, and ROCPAD relays were combined using an AND gate to limit the relay operation during short circuits since the ROCOV measures the voltage drop and determines whether it is in grid-connected or islanding mode. After that, the higher set threshold of the ROCOF was connected using a logical OR gate to limit the operation of the relay under transients and noises. Finally, the higher set threshold of the ROCPAD was used to sense islanding in case the lower threshold failed to initially detect it. The efficacy of the technique was tested on the FCT distribution network, and the result showed successful islanding for the loss of the grid supply and loss of power supply due to fault on the 330 kV line, while the loss of 33 kV feeder and loss of power supply at a single supply point were nonislanding events. After islanding due to an outage and loss of the 330 kV line, it took 0.01138 and 0.000316 s to switch to the DES, and the optimal capacities that supplied power to the critical loads were 33.2 MW at Bus 13, 18.9 MW at Bus 120, 48.4 MW at Bus 72, and 45.1 MW at Bus 46. The total connection of the DES was able to supply 144.8 MW out of the total peak load of 600 MW which represents about 24.13% of the total system load referred to as the critical loads. Therefore, connecting DES capable of islanding operation to the distribution network improves power supply security, supply continuity to consumers, and customer satisfaction.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51293,"journal":{"name":"International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/etep/7693707","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143466210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Wind Driven Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator for Power Grid System","authors":"R. Essaki Raj,&nbsp;N. Vasudevan,&nbsp;S. Srinivasan,&nbsp;T. Abirami,&nbsp;R. Pandian,&nbsp;C. Gnanavel,&nbsp;N. Parkunam,&nbsp;R. Srinivasan,&nbsp;Dejene Hurissa","doi":"10.1155/etep/5188452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/etep/5188452","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>A permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) is commonly utilized in many wind energy conversion systems (WECS). The main advantage of PMSG is variable-speed operation, and it can be connected directly to the turbine without a gearbox. In this paper, a PMSG is employed to convert wind energy into electrical energy and transmit it to a load through an AC-DC-AC converter. This circuit is modelled and simulated with the help of MATLAB simulation software, and the corresponding results are presented. The proposed method is suitable for microwind turbine applications to minimize landscape and connect PMSGs in parallel for better performance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51293,"journal":{"name":"International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/etep/5188452","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Analysis, Experimental Validation, and Application of DC Interruption With Parallel Vacuum Interrupters","authors":"Siyuan Liu,&nbsp;Yifan Chen,&nbsp;Jinchao Chen,&nbsp;Mengze Yu,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Liu,&nbsp;Yingsan Geng","doi":"10.1155/etep/4779710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/etep/4779710","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Large-capacity high voltage direct current circuit breakers (HVDC CBs) are critical equipment for achieving reliable operation of future multiterminal HVDC systems. The objective of this paper is to investigate the interruption characteristics of DCCB with parallel vacuum interrupters. In this paper, the proposed vacuum interrupter is modeled in detail and simulated in the PSCAD environment by taking into account the positive volt-ampere characteristics of the vacuum arc, the current transfer characteristics, and the current sharing characteristics between parallel vacuum interrupters. Then, the vacuum interrupter model is validated by experimental results. The performance of two types of large-capacity multimodule DCCBs is compared regarding operating reliability and actuator decentralization. Meanwhile, the current stress on the VSC branch and the DC interruption characteristics are analyzed. The comparison results show that the 6-module DCCB with series followed by parallel structure is more suitable for high voltage and large-capacity systems. In ±160 kV 4-terminal flexible DC grid, two typical DC fault interruption characteristics of the 6-module DCCB with series followed by parallel structure are simulated and analyzed. The results validate that the multimodule DCCB with series followed by parallel structure has better DC fault interruption performance in multiterminal HVDC systems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51293,"journal":{"name":"International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/etep/4779710","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Electric Railway System Integrated With Distributed Energy Resources: Optimal Operation and Smart Energy Management System","authors":"Mohsen Davoodi,&nbsp;Hamed Jafari Kaleybar,&nbsp;Morris Brenna,&nbsp;Dario Zaninelli","doi":"10.1155/etep/6626245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/etep/6626245","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Global concern about the energy crisis and its environmental impact has focused on sustainable alternatives. The electric railway system (ERS) is a major electrical energy consumer, contributing to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and CO₂ pollution. This study introduces railway energy management systems (REMSs) as a green solution to address these challenges. REMS not only mitigates environmental risks but also enables surplus electricity sales to the grid market. This research formulates an AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) problem by the utilization of mixed integer linear programming (MILP) for optimization of the railway station electrical system operation cost. In this paper, renewable energy resources (RERs), energy storage systems (ESSs), and regenerative braking energy (RBE) are taken into account, as well as the electrical grid. Additionally, by considering the probabilistic and stochastic behaviors of RERs, ESSs, and RBE, using real-time data, significant cost reductions in the daily operations of smart railway stations are achieved. With the aid of MATLAB, the model is effectively solved, and the results provide compelling evidence of the suitability and remarkable effectiveness of the proposed model.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51293,"journal":{"name":"International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/etep/6626245","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-Series Load Online Prediction of Wind Turbine Based on Adaptive Multisource Operational Data Fusion","authors":"Ruojin Wang,&nbsp;Xiaodong Wang,&nbsp;Deyi Fu,&nbsp;Bin Yang,&nbsp;Yingming Liu","doi":"10.1155/etep/5972382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/etep/5972382","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Aiming at the problem that the stochastic change of wind turbine generator (WTG) working conditions and the complex nonlinear relationship between load and operation data make it difficult to predict the short-term load online, this paper proposes an adaptive multi-information source data fusion online prediction method for WTG load. Random forest (RF) and WaveNet time series (WTS) are established as subinformation source models, and the influence of input features and historical data on load prediction is considered from horizontal and vertical dimensions. In order to reduce the influence of original data completeness on load prediction, the deviation degree of load prediction of RF and WTS is analyzed. The deviation degree of the subinformation source model is used as the basis for judgment, and it is fused into a multi-information source load model with adaptive deviation degree analysis to predict the loads on the blades, tower top, and tower bottom of the wind turbine. According to the 15 MW semisubmersible offshore WTG load prediction example, the prediction error of this method is about 4% under normal data conditions and 6% under abnormal data conditions, and the calculation time of 200 sets of test data is 0.053 s, which meets the needs of pitch control and has the potential to be applied in the optimization of pitch control strategy.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51293,"journal":{"name":"International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/etep/5972382","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143110266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Data Decomposition and End-to-End Optimization-Based Monthly Carbon Emission Intensity of Electricity Forecasting Method","authors":"Yue Yan,&nbsp;Haoran Feng,&nbsp;Jinwei Song,&nbsp;Shixu Zhang,&nbsp;Shize Zhang,&nbsp;Qi He","doi":"10.1155/etep/9159507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/etep/9159507","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Accurate high-resolution carbon emission intensity of electricity forecasting (CIF) can assist multi-staker in timely adjusting their electricity consumption strategies to gain benefits. Few studies attempt to perform high-resolution (monthly and above) CIF due to the limited carbon emission data. High-resolution electricity data is easily available, and there is a coupling relationship between electricity and carbon emission data, making it possible to perform high-resolution CIF. Therefore, the paper proposes an end-to-end monthly CIF approach using annual carbon emission and monthly electricity consumption data, which can be divided into two stages. In Stage I, a monthly carbon emission data generator based on the Denton decomposition method is proposed. In Stage II, support vector machine (SVM), known for their effectiveness in small-sample prediction, are employed for monthly CIF. To ensure that the decomposed data effectively improves the predictor’s performance, we propose an end-to-end optimization strategy. This strategy feeds back the predictor’s performance on actual monthly data as optimization target to the generator and uses differential evolution algorithms (DEA) to optimize and adjust the decomposed data. Case studies conducted using actual data from Guangdong Province, China, demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively enhance monthly data, thereby improving prediction accuracy.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51293,"journal":{"name":"International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/etep/9159507","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Handling Multiple-Fuel Options in Economic Dispatch of Thermal Power Plants Through a Tight Model Applying Indicator Variables","authors":"Hossein Sharifzadeh","doi":"10.1155/etep/1572487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/etep/1572487","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Thermal power plants play a central role in present power systems because of their high efficiency, fast startup capability, and flexibility to integrate the variability of renewable generations. These thermal units can utilize various fuels, including coal, natural gas, and oil, which enhances both the economic performance and security of the overall energy system. Representing the fuel cost functions of these units with multiple fuels (MFs) as binary decisions involves adding binary variables to the economic dispatch (ED) problem. The inclusion of these binary variables and nonlinear cost functions results in a complex NP-hard mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP). This paper provides another perspective on the ED, where indicator variables represent the MF options and determine which cost functions should be set to zero. Based on this perspective, the paper builds a tight model to handle the indicator variables and solve the MINLP ED. Moreover, the paper introduces an iterative solution method with a bound-tightening technique to speed up the solution process. We conducted experimental studies using eight ED case studies with MF options involving up to 1280 generating units. The optimal costs obtained from these case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the tight model and the iterative solution method for solving the MINLP ED problem. Furthermore, the proposed approach generally outperforms earlier algorithms in terms of solution quality and robustness. Finally, the tight model can speed up the solution process by 18%–45% compared with the standard formulation in the adopted case studies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51293,"journal":{"name":"International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/etep/1572487","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy and Reserve Scheduling of Distribution Network in Presence of Electric Vehicle Aggregators: A Decentralized Approach","authors":"Atena Tazikeh Lemeski,&nbsp;Reza Ebrahimi,&nbsp;Alireza Zakariazadeh,&nbsp;Keyvan Firuzi","doi":"10.1155/etep/2291677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/etep/2291677","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Bilateral energy transactions between electric vehicles (EVs) and the power grid are managed by entities called aggregators (AGGs) who work as private or network operator’s agents. The remarkable effects of the AGG’s behavior on network parameters entail the provision of coordinated schedules and consideration of network conditions and constraints. In this paper, a novel approach is presented for independent coordinated scheduling of EV charge/discharge via private AGGs, distributed generators (DGs), and the distribution network operator (DSO). The goal is the maximization of AGG profit from energy transactions along with the least network operation costs and improvement of network indices. The objective function of the proposed approach also includes AGG capability to provide the network with spinning reserve which brings incentive payments. For realistic addressing of the problem, the uncertainties related to EV arrival/departure times and their initial State of Charge (SOC) are simulated via different scenarios. The problem is solved using the fast alternating direction method of multipliers (FADMMs) which is well suited for independent-objective optimizations with a fast convergence rate. The proposed distributed algorithm is tested and evaluated on a standard distribution network consisting of AGG and DGs. The results indicate that ignoring network conditions and constraints leads to impractical decisions whereas consideration of DSO requirements by the distributed algorithm will deliver a profitable schedule for AGGs while protecting their privacy and fulfilling DSO’s economical and technical objectives.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51293,"journal":{"name":"International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/etep/2291677","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonintrusive Load Disaggregation Based on Attention Neural Networks","authors":"Shunfu Lin,&nbsp;Jiayu Yang,&nbsp;Yi Li,&nbsp;Yunwei Shen,&nbsp;Fangxing Li,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Bian,&nbsp;Dongdong Li","doi":"10.1155/etep/3405849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/etep/3405849","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM), also known as energy disaggregation, infers the energy consumption of individual appliances from household metered electricity data. Recently, NILM has garnered significant attention as it can assist households in reducing energy usage and improving their electricity behaviors. In this paper, we propose a two-subnetwork model consisting of a regression subnetwork and a seq2point-based classification subnetwork for NILM. In the regression subnetwork, stacked dilated convolutions are utilized to extract multiscale features. Subsequently, a self-attention mechanism is applied to the multiscale features to obtain their contextual representations. The proposed model, compared to existing load disaggregation models, has a larger receptive field and can capture crucial information within the data. The study utilizes the low-frequency UK-DALE dataset, released in 2015, containing timestamps, power of various appliances, and device state labels. House1 and House5 are employed as the training set, while House2 data is reserved for testing. The proposed model achieves lower errors for all appliances compared to other algorithms. Specifically, the proposed model shows a 13.85% improvement in mean absolute error (MAE), a 21.27% improvement in signal aggregate error (SAE), and a 26.15% improvement in F1 score over existing algorithms. Our proposed approach evidently exhibits superior disaggregation accuracy compared to existing methods.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51293,"journal":{"name":"International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/etep/3405849","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution Transformer Winding Fault Detection Based on Hybrid Wavelet-CNN","authors":"Orkhan Afandi,&nbsp;Atabak Najafi","doi":"10.1155/etep/9936120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/etep/9936120","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This paper presents a new decision logic approach for protecting and distinguishing internal faults in power transformers. This method uses the feature extraction technique based on wavelet transform and artificial neural network. The proposed method is designed based on the difference between the energies of the wavelet transform coefficients produced by short circuit fault currents in a certain frequency band. First, the operation of the transformer under phase-to-ground and phase-to-phase short circuit faults was examined. Then, the resulting secondary winding current was transferred to the discrete wavelet transform. This method is used to analyze components of the signal at different scales. Based on the results, it has been shown that due to the good temporal and frequency characteristics of the wavelet transform, the features extracted by the wavelet transform have more distinct features than those extracted by the fast Fourier transform. As a result, the fault detection process was improved by integrating the obtained wavelet transform values into artificial intelligence models. This step allows the analysis process to be automated and faults to be identified more quickly and accurately. The proposed method is more efficient and faster and achieves a higher success rate than the traditional method.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51293,"journal":{"name":"International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/etep/9936120","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143117503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}