{"title":"Exploring the sociodemographic, clinical and neuropsychological factors associated with relational memory in schizophrenia.","authors":"Ana Elisa Sousa, Jennifer D Ryan, Martin Lepage","doi":"10.1080/13546805.2022.2153657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13546805.2022.2153657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The Transverse Patterning (TP) task has been used to measure episodic relational memory (RM) deficits in clinical populations. Individuals with schizophrenia often fail to learn TP with standard, and sometimes extensive training. Identifying the differences between TP learners and non-learners can improve our understanding of successful TP performance and its underlying mechanisms, which may help improve interventions aimed at ameliorating RM performance. We investigated sociodemographic, clinical and neuropsychological factors associated with TP performance in schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty-six participants with schizophrenia completed a semantically rich and a relational-binding dependent version of the TP task and reported on their task awareness and strategy use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-six participants failed to learn the task rules after extensive training. Learners had superior verbal, visual and working memory, executive functions and overall cognitive functioning compared to non-learners. Learners also had superior awareness of task rules and pairs relationships and used elaborated cognitive strategies more often.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results support previous findings that some individuals with schizophrenia show RM impairment even with extensive TP training. We shed light on neuropsychological and metacognitive factors associated with TP performance. This knowledge could enhance interventions targeted to improve relational memory in schizophrenia when extensive training fails.</p>","PeriodicalId":51277,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychiatry","volume":"28 1","pages":"67-84"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9929586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dayane Santos Martins, Mathias Hasse-Sousa, Ramiro de Freitas Xavier Reckziegel, Clara de Olivera Lapa, Carolina Petry-Perin, Maria Julia Britto, Isadora Bosini Remus, Clarissa Severino Gama, Leticia Sanguinetti Czepielewski
{"title":"A five-year follow-up of the verbal memory performance of individuals with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: evidence of unchanging deficits under treatment.","authors":"Dayane Santos Martins, Mathias Hasse-Sousa, Ramiro de Freitas Xavier Reckziegel, Clara de Olivera Lapa, Carolina Petry-Perin, Maria Julia Britto, Isadora Bosini Remus, Clarissa Severino Gama, Leticia Sanguinetti Czepielewski","doi":"10.1080/13546805.2022.2133694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13546805.2022.2133694","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are chronic and heterogeneous mental disorders that present cognitive and functional impairments. Verbal memory is considered an important predictor of functioning and a domain vulnerable to the aging process. However, only few studies investigate the progression of memory longitudinally in BD and SZ, especially in lower- and middle-income countries. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the course of verbal memory in individuals with BD and SZ.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed 31 individuals with BD and 27 individuals with SZ under treatment at outpatient clinics at baseline and after five years. They were assessed through a sociodemographic questionnaire, memory and estimated IQ (eIQ) instruments, and clinical scales.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals with SZ showed worse verbal memory performance in comparison to BD, however, we did not observe changes over time within patient groups. Individuals with BD with higher eIQ showed a better verbal memory performance, while no effect of eIQ was found for subjects with SZ.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with SZ and BD showed different levels of verbal memory impairment, although they had similar unchanging trajectories after 5 years under psychiatric treatment. This finding indicates a relative stable cognitive course for both disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":51277,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychiatry","volume":"28 1","pages":"19-35"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9557536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cotard delusion, emotional experience and depersonalisation.","authors":"Martin Davies, Max Coltheart","doi":"10.1080/13546805.2022.2119839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13546805.2022.2119839","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cotard delusion-the delusional belief \"I am dead\"-is named after the French psychiatrist who first described it: Jules Cotard. Ramachandran and Blakeslee proposed that the idea \"I am dead\" comes to mind when a neuropathological condition has resulted in complete abolition of emotional responsivity to the world. The idea would arise as a putative explanation: if \"I am dead\" were true, there would be no emotional responsivity to the world.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We scrutinised the literature on people who expressed the delusional belief \"I am dead\", looking for data on whether such patients are reported as entirely lacking in emotional responsivity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In numerous cases, patients with Cotard delusion are described as experiencing emotions including anxiety, fear, guilt, distress, euphoria and worry.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We conclude that complete absence of emotional responsivity cannot be what prompts the delusional idea that one is dead. We propose that, in at least some cases, the idea \"I am dead\" comes to mind in response to symptoms of depersonalisation or derealisation, often present in cases of Cotard delusion, and give examples of Cotard patients with abnormalities in various neural areas that could be responsible for the presence of such symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":51277,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychiatry","volume":"27 6","pages":"430-446"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10631891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniah Zumrawi, Brianne L Glazier, Olga Leonova, Mahesh Menon, Ric Procyshyn, Randall White, Robert Stowe, William G Honer, Ivan J Torres
{"title":"Subjective cognitive functioning, depressive symptoms, and objective cognitive functioning in people with treatment-resistant psychosis.","authors":"Daniah Zumrawi, Brianne L Glazier, Olga Leonova, Mahesh Menon, Ric Procyshyn, Randall White, Robert Stowe, William G Honer, Ivan J Torres","doi":"10.1080/13546805.2022.2108389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13546805.2022.2108389","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Introduction:</i> Relationships between subjective cognitive functioning (SCF), objective cognitive functioning (OCF), and depressive symptoms are poorly understood in treatment-resistant psychosis (TRP). This study (a) compares SCF in TRP using positively and negatively worded scales, (b) assess these scales' accuracy, and (c) explores the association between these scales and depressive symptoms. We hypothesised that both SCF scales would be highly correlated, minimally associated with OCF, and similarly associated with depressive symptoms. <i>Methods:</i> Archival clinical data from 52 TRP inpatients was utilised. OCF composite scores were derived from a broad neuropsychological battery. SCF was assessed using the norm-referenced PROMIS 2.0 Cognitive Abilities (positively worded) and Concerns (negatively worded) subscales. A depressive symptom score was derived from the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. <i>Results:</i> SCF ratings were higher in patients than OCF. There was a small but significant correlation between PROMIS subscales (<i>r</i> = .30). Neither PROMIS subscale was associated with OCF (<i>r</i> = -.11, <i>r</i> = .01). Depressive symptoms were correlated with the positively (<i>r</i> = -.29) but not negatively worded scale (<i>r</i> = -.13). <i>Conclusion:</i> Individuals with TRP inaccurately rate their cognitive functioning and tend to overestimate their ability. Positively and negatively worded SCF scales associate variably with depressive symptoms, indicating they may not be used interchangeably in TRP.</p>","PeriodicalId":51277,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychiatry","volume":"27 6","pages":"411-429"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9198650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lucy Webster, Christine Norman, Gary Jones, Mike Marriott
{"title":"Mediating role for metacognitive processes in the relationship between schizotypy and anxiety and depression symptoms.","authors":"Lucy Webster, Christine Norman, Gary Jones, Mike Marriott","doi":"10.1080/13546805.2022.2108388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13546805.2022.2108388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Introduction:</i> Depression and anxiety symptoms are highly prevalent in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and are commonly associated with schizotypy in non-clinical samples. However, it remains unclear what factors could be contributing to the relationships between schizotypy and anxiety and depression symptoms. Using path analysis, we explored the complex interplay between schizotypy, metacognitive beliefs, cognitive insight, and symptoms of emotional distress.<i>Methods:</i> Self-report data of schizotypy, metacognitive beliefs, cognitive insight, depression, and anxiety symptoms were collected from 344 participants from a predominantly student sample.<i>Results:</i> Path analysis confirmed unique associations between schizotypy dimensions, metacognitive beliefs, and cognitive insight. Furthermore, negative beliefs about worry mediated the link between the schizotypy dimensions, unusual experiences, cognitive disorganisation, and introvertive anhedonia and both depression and anxiety symptoms. Lack of cognitive confidence also mediated the relationship between cognitive disorganisation and depression symptoms. Finally, the cognitive insight subcomponent self-reflectiveness mediated the relationship between unusual experiences and cognitive disorganisation and anxiety.<i>Conclusions:</i> This study significantly furthers our understanding of the complex relationship between schizotypy, metacognitive processes, and emotional distress. Our findings also provide support for interventions which modify metacognitive beliefs and self-reflectiveness, which may prove beneficial for treatment in clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":51277,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychiatry","volume":"27 6","pages":"393-410"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9186750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erik Winther Skogli, Stian Orm, Ingrid Nesdal Fossum, Per Normann Andersen, Merete Glenne Øie
{"title":"Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder persistence from childhood into young adult age: a 10-year longitudinal study.","authors":"Erik Winther Skogli, Stian Orm, Ingrid Nesdal Fossum, Per Normann Andersen, Merete Glenne Øie","doi":"10.1080/13546805.2022.2123735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13546805.2022.2123735","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of this study was to estimate ADHD persistence in a European clinical sample of children diagnosed with ADHD and followed prospectively for 10 years into young adulthood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed 85 children with ADHD at baseline (<i>M</i><sub>age </sub>= 11.6, SD = 2.1, 54% male) and re-assessed 59 at 10-year follow-up (<i>M</i><sub>age </sub>= 21.4, SD = 2.3, 54% male). ADHD symptoms at baseline were assessed with a semi-structured clinical interview (Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia/Present and lifetime version) and parent rating scales (ADHD Rating Scale IV, Child Behavior Checklist). ADHD symptoms at 10-year follow-up were assessed with a semi-structured clinical interview (MINI-Plus) and self-report scales (ADHD Self-Report Scale version 1.1 screener, Adult Self Report). Functional impairment at 10-year follow-up was assessed with the Global Assessment of Functioning scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 10-year follow-up, 39% met ADHD symptom thresholds based on clinical evaluation using MINI-Plus or the ADHD Self-Report Scale version 1.1 screener or the Adult Self Report together with clinicians' rating of functional impairment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ADHD persistence rates in this European clinical sample match previous estimates and indicate that a significant proportion of those diagnosed with ADHD as children still exhibit clinical levels of ADHD symptoms in adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":51277,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychiatry","volume":"27 6","pages":"447-457"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9199143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Desmond J Spann, Kelsey T Straub, Jessica P Y Hua, Amelia M Pellegrini, John G Kerns
{"title":"Examining associations between social anhedonia and convergent thinking using the Remote Associates Test.","authors":"Desmond J Spann, Kelsey T Straub, Jessica P Y Hua, Amelia M Pellegrini, John G Kerns","doi":"10.1080/13546805.2022.2126302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13546805.2022.2126302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Introduction:</i> Social anhedonia (SocAnh) predicts increased risk of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, with evidence that these disorders are associated with increased creativity. However, it is still largely unknown whether SocAnh is associated with one central aspect of creative thinking, convergent thinking.<i>Methods:</i> In two studies, college students with either extreme levels of SocAnh (<i>n</i> = 44 and <i>n</i> = 70) or controls with an average level of SocAnh (<i>n</i> = 111 and <i>n</i> = 100) completed a convergent thinking task, the Remote Associates Test, and also completed measures of current affect. In the second study, participants also completed a divergent thinking task.<i>Results:</i> In both studies, the SocAnh group had better performance than controls on the convergent thinking task. Further, this group difference remained after removing shared variance with current affect. In Study 2, groups did not differ on divergent thinking.<i>Conclusions:</i> Overall, consistent with research linking schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and creativity, the current research suggests that SocAnh is associated with increases in some aspects of creativity.</p>","PeriodicalId":51277,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychiatry","volume":"27 6","pages":"458-470"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10630206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cognitive NeuropsychiatryPub Date : 2022-09-01Epub Date: 2022-02-10DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2022.2038554
Stephanie Miles, Maja Nedeljkovic, Philip Sumner, Andrea Phillipou
{"title":"Understanding self-report and neurocognitive assessments of cognitive flexibility in people with and without lifetime anorexia nervosa.","authors":"Stephanie Miles, Maja Nedeljkovic, Philip Sumner, Andrea Phillipou","doi":"10.1080/13546805.2022.2038554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13546805.2022.2038554","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective</i>: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious eating disorder associated with several cognitive difficulties including poor cognitive flexibility (i.e. difficulties in effectively adapting to changes in the environment and/or changing task demands). AN research has primarily assessed cognitive flexibility using neurocognitive tests, and little is known about the differences or similarities between self-report and neurocognitive assessments of cognitive flexibility. This study investigated the relationship between self-report and neurocognitive assessments of cognitive flexibility in people with no history of an eating disorder (<i>n</i> = 207) and people with a self-reported lifetime diagnosis of AN (<i>n</i> = 19).<i>Methods:</i> Participants completed self-report and neurocognitive assessments of cognitive flexibility through an online study.<i>Results:</i> No significant correlations were found between self-report and neurocognitive assessments of cognitive flexibility for either group of the sample, suggesting that these assessments may evaluate different aspects of cognitive flexibility. Further, negative mood and self-reported eating disorder symptoms were found to significantly relate to self-reported cognitive flexibility, but were not associated with performance on neurocognitive tests of cognitive flexibility.<i>Conclusions</i>: To provide a comprehensive understanding of perceived and objective cognitive flexibility in AN, future research and clinical assessments should include both self-report and neurocognitive assessments.</p>","PeriodicalId":51277,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychiatry","volume":"27 5","pages":"325-341"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39905630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cognitive NeuropsychiatryPub Date : 2022-07-01Epub Date: 2021-12-13DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2021.2014309
Hui-Xin Hu, Shu-Yao Jiang, Hai-di Shan, Min-Yi Chu, Qin-Yu Lv, Zheng-Hui Yi, Simon S Y Lui, Eric F C Cheung, Raymond C K Chan
{"title":"Negative belief-updating bias for positive daily life events in individuals with schizophrenia and social anhedonia.","authors":"Hui-Xin Hu, Shu-Yao Jiang, Hai-di Shan, Min-Yi Chu, Qin-Yu Lv, Zheng-Hui Yi, Simon S Y Lui, Eric F C Cheung, Raymond C K Chan","doi":"10.1080/13546805.2021.2014309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13546805.2021.2014309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Low-pleasure beliefs are found in both patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and individuals with high social anhedonia (SocAnh), and are associated with anhedonia. However, little is known about the development and maintenance of these low-pleasure beliefs in the clinical and subclinical populations. We investigated whether patients with SZ and individuals with high SocAnh have deficits in updating their beliefs, which may contribute to the understanding of the formation and maintenance of low-pleasure beliefs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Modified Belief Updating Task was administered to assess belief-updating patterns in a clinical sample (36 SZ patients and 30 matched controls) and a subclinical sample (27 individuals with high SocAnh and 30 matched controls).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that compared with controls, SZ patients updated their beliefs to a greater extent and more frequently when receiving bad news for positive life events, but not for negative life events. Moreover, individuals with high SocAnh also exhibited similar patterns in updating their beliefs for positive life events after controlling depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that negative belief-updating patterns for positive events may play an important role in the formation and maintenance of low-pleasure beliefs in patients with SZ and individuals with high SocAnh.</p>","PeriodicalId":51277,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychiatry","volume":"27 4","pages":"237-254"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39578241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}