Vitamins and Hormones最新文献_第4页

Cushing´s syndrome: Clinical presentation and associated comorbidities. 库欣综合征：临床表现及相关合并症

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-15 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2026.04.001

Alín Abreu Lomba, Aura María Salazar-Solarte, David Alexander Vernaza Trujillo, Wilfredo Antonio Rivera-Martínez

{"title":"Cushing´s syndrome: Clinical presentation and associated comorbidities.","authors":"Alín Abreu Lomba, Aura María Salazar-Solarte, David Alexander Vernaza Trujillo, Wilfredo Antonio Rivera-Martínez","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2026.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.vh.2026.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"Cushing's syndrome (CS) presents with a constellation of features reflecting chronic glucocorticoid excess. Hallmarks-central adiposity with thin extremities, dorsocervical and supraclavicular fat pads, round facies with plethora, wide violaceous striae, skin fragility, acne or hirsutism, and proximal myopathy-often coexist with systemic complications that drive morbidity and mortality. Phenotype and evolution vary by etiology: Cushing's disease typically evolves insidiously and may cycle, whereas ectopic ACTH secretion often presents abruptly with severe hypercortisolism, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, profound protein catabolism, and heightened infection risk. Adrenal forms range from overt CS to mild autonomous cortisol secretion, with attenuated stigmata yet meaningful cardiometabolic burden. Age and sex modulate expression: children frequently show growth deceleration with weight gain; older adults exhibit sarcopenic obesity, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disease; men may develop hypogonadism, and women menstrual dysfunction. The comorbidity spectrum spans hypertension, insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and hepatic steatosis; venous thromboembolism due to a prothrombotic milieu; skeletal fragility with vertebral fractures; immune dysregulation predisposing to serious infections; and neuropsychiatric and cognitive sequelae that impair quality of life and can persist after biochemical remission. This chapter synthesizes contemporary evidence to (i) highlight red-flag patterns that shorten diagnostic latency; (ii) link pathophysiologic axes to multisystem complications; and (iii) offer practical screening and initial management clues for high-risk populations (e.g., refractory hypertension, difficult-to-control diabetes), to reduce the long-term health burden of hypercortisolism.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"132 ","pages":"1-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148158958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diagnosis of primary aldosteronism: Novel workup strategies and biochemical tools. 原发性醛固酮增多症的诊断：新的检查策略和生化工具。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2025.08.006

Arturo Vega-Beyhart, Jose María Jimenez-Casinello

{"title":"Diagnosis of primary aldosteronism: Novel workup strategies and biochemical tools.","authors":"Arturo Vega-Beyhart, Jose María Jimenez-Casinello","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2025.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.vh.2025.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a prevalent yet underdiagnosed cause of hypertension, significantly contributing to cardiovascular morbidity. Despite established guidelines, the diagnostic pathway for PA remains complex, hindered by analytical and physiological variability in aldosterone and renin measurements, and limitations of the aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR) for the screening. These challenges often lead to delayed diagnosis and suboptimal patient outcomes. This chapter critically reviews emerging innovations designed to overcome these barriers, exploring advancements across several domains. We examine novel applications of traditional biomarkers, such as renin suppression and angiotensin II-based ratios, alongside the utility of non-invasive salivary as well as urinary aldosterone measurements. Furthermore, the integration of steroidomics, proteomics, and molecular profiling, including microRNAs and extracellular vesicles, is discussed to offer deeper biochemical insights. Finally, transformative potential of functional imaging techniques, particularly CXCR4-targeted PET, and the increasing role of machine learning in refining diagnostic algorithms and identifying novel biomarkers is explored. These advancements in novel biomarkers and work-up strategies promise to enhance the sensitivity, specificity, and practicality of PA diagnosis, facilitating earlier intervention and improving patient care.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"130 ","pages":"151-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146120566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

GH and GnRH-gonadotropin secretion. GH和gnrh促性腺激素分泌。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2025.10.002

Adriana De Sousa Lages, Valentim Lopes, Richard Anderson

{"title":"GH and GnRH-gonadotropin secretion.","authors":"Adriana De Sousa Lages, Valentim Lopes, Richard Anderson","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2025.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.vh.2025.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"The hypothalamic pituitary gonadal (HPG) and hypothalamic pituitary somatotropic (HPS) axes are interconnected, orchestrating growth, metabolism, and reproduction through reciprocal feedback. Growth hormone (GH) and insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) stimulate gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and kisspeptin neurons, support luteinizing hormone release, and regulate gonadal steroidogenesis and gametogenesis. Conversely, sex steroids, particularly estradiol, potentiate GH secretion by sensitizing somatotrophs to growth hormone releasing hormone and enhancing ghrelin driven pathways. This crosstalk evolves across developmental stages, most prominently during puberty, when the synergistic rise of sex steroids, GH, and IGF-1 creates an anabolic environment driving linear growth, skeletal maturation, and reproductive competence. From a translational perspective, this interplay has important diagnostic and therapeutic implications. In short stature with delayed diagnosis, combined GH and GnRH analogue therapy may extend growth potential and improve adult height. In central or peripheral precocious puberty, particularly when growth velocity declines during GnRH analogue treatment, co-treatment can prevent growth deceleration and optimize stature. In reproductive medicine, GH has been explored as an adjuvant in assisted reproductive technologies, with evidence suggesting benefits in follicular recruitment, oocyte quality, embryo development, and endometrial receptivity, although consistent effects on live birth rates remain uncertain. Emerging strategies, including kisspeptin analogues, highlight opportunities to modulate reproductive and somatotropic axes simultaneously, offering potential interventions in hypogonadism and functional hypothalamic disorders. By integrating mechanistic insights with clinical application, the coordinated regulation of GnRH and GH illustrates how translational neuroendocrinology can bridge molecular discovery with diagnostic innovation and therapeutic progress in growth and reproductive health.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"131 ","pages":"25-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147582123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Acromegaly and genetics. 肢端肥大症和遗传学。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2025.10.008

Idoia Martínez de Lapiscina, Candela Baquero, Luis Castaño

引用次数: 0

The thyroid endocrine axis in breast cancer pathophysiology and prognosis. 甲状腺内分泌轴与乳腺癌病理生理及预后的关系。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.10.007

Ioannis A Voutsadakis

{"title":"The thyroid endocrine axis in breast cancer pathophysiology and prognosis.","authors":"Ioannis A Voutsadakis","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"The Estrogen Receptor (ER) is a well-established regulator of the biologic behavior of breast cancer and a biomarker of response to endocrine treatments. Other steroid and non-steroid nuclear receptors, including Progesterone Receptor (PR), Androgen Receptor (AR), Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) and Thyroid Receptors (TRs), are often co-expressed with ER in breast cancers and modulate its biologic effects. In addition these receptors are also expressed in sub-sets of ER negative breast cancers and act as alternative transcription factors with cancer associated effects. The isotypes of TRs, TRα, TRβ, and other receptors of hormones of the thyroid axis such as the surface thyroid receptor, αvβ3 integrin and the receptor for TSH, TSH-R expressed in sub-sets of breast cancers, have both pro-carcinogenic and anti-carcinogenic functions that depend on the specific cancer cell environment. For TRs, co-expression of ER is important for their respective transcriptional output as these nuclear receptors interact at the chromatin level. The surface αvβ3 integrin receptor, on the other hand, activates signal transduction pathways that may affect ER function and its ability to execute its transcriptional program. Based on the role of the thyroid axis in breast cancer tissues, therapeutic opportunities from the manipulation of the axis in breast cancer arise, and initial studies have been performed with intriguing results. A biomarker based approach taking into consideration the breast cancer sub-types, including expression of other nuclear receptors and the expression of nuclear and surface thyroid receptors in breast cancer cells, could provide therapeutic opportunities, in a personalized manner.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"129 ","pages":"203-239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144857008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in relation to breast cancer. 脱氢表雄酮（DHEA）与乳腺癌的关系

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.11.002

Robert T Chatterton

{"title":"Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in relation to breast cancer.","authors":"Robert T Chatterton","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"Prediagnostic serum concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfated form (DS) are generally increased in breast cancer patients; serum cortisol concentrations are predictably increased as well. The association of increased adrenal steroids with breast cancer may indicate a causal role. However, administration of DHEA to rats and mice has shown a beneficial effect of DHEA in preventing or suppressing breast cancer in numerous studies. DHEA treatment inhibits the development of spontaneous virally induced mammary cancers and suppresses carcinogen-induced as well as radiation-induced mammary tumors. DHEA also antagonizes the effect of estrogen on growth of human breast cancer xenografts in nude mice. DHEA is effective in suppressing cancer development in other organ systems as well including lung, liver, colon, prostate, lymphatic, and skin cancers. We hypothesize that the increase of DHEA in breast fluid and serum is the result of stress-induced adrenal activation and that the glucocorticoid component is the detrimental component rather than DHEA or DS. The mechanisms by which DHEA suppresses tumor growth includes the non-competitive inhibition of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis, immune suppression of virally induced breast cancer, enhancement of natural killer cell cytotoxicity by both DHEA and DS, suppression of IL-6, and promotion of estrogen receptor beta expression. The evidence supports the use of DHEA or its derivatives for suppression of cancers regardless of the mechanism by which the cancer arises.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"129 ","pages":"61-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144857000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Melatonin, modulation of hypothalamic activity, and reproduction. 褪黑素，调节下丘脑活动，和生殖。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.06.003

Santiago Elías Charif, Verónica Berta Dorfman

{"title":"Melatonin, modulation of hypothalamic activity, and reproduction.","authors":"Santiago Elías Charif, Verónica Berta Dorfman","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"Light is the most reliable environmental cue allowing animals to breed successfully when conditions are optimal. In seasonal breeders, photoperiod (length of daylight) information is sensed by the eyes and transmitted to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the master clock region located in the hypothalamus. This structure has a 24-h firing rhythm involving a cycle of clock protein synthesis and degradation, and provides the timing to synchronize the synthesis and release of melatonin, the chemical signal that transduces the photoperiod information. The enzyme arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase, responsible for melatonin synthesis in the pineal gland, is modulated by environmental light. Melatonin is secreted during the dark hours of the night to blood circulation and cerebrospinal fluid conveying photoperiod information to other tissues. Melatonin exerts its action by binding to specific membrane receptors MT1 and MT2, and can modulate several pathways including neurotransmitters, and hormones like kisspeptin, the gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone, and thyroid hormones, all of them impacting on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. Then, GnRH will modulate in turn the reproductive axis. In conclusion, acting as a transducer of photoperiod information, this hormone exerts precisely timed activation of different pathways that modulate seasonal breeding ensuring optimal conditions for reproduction.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"127 ","pages":"283-303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Glucose transporters and their energy homeostasis function in various organs. 葡萄糖转运蛋白及其在各器官中的能量稳态功能。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.08.001

Nithya U, Theijeswini R C, Karthick Raja R, Gayathri Mahalingam

{"title":"Glucose transporters and their energy homeostasis function in various organs.","authors":"Nithya U, Theijeswini R C, Karthick Raja R, Gayathri Mahalingam","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"Glucose transporters (GLUTs) belong to a membrane-protein family that essentially participates in easing the transportation and absorption of glucose molecules throughout the cellular membranes. From the brain to the eyes, each section delves into the intricate mechanisms of glucose uptake and utilization, shedding light on the unique adaptations and regulatory pathways in different anatomical structures. Beginning with the brain, known for its high energy demands, the chapter explicates the specialized GLUT expression patterns crucial for neuronal function and synaptic transmission. Moving to metabolic powerhouses like the liver, muscles, and adipose tissue, it elucidates the dynamic interplay of GLUT isoforms in energy storage, mobilization, and insulin responsiveness. Furthermore, the chapter navigates through the kidneys, lungs, skin, and reproductive organs, unveiling the diverse roles of GLUTs in renal glucose reabsorption, pulmonary-epithelial transportation, skin barrier associated functions, and gonadal development. It also explores the significance of placental GLUTs in fatal nutrient supply and the implications of cardiac GLUTs in myocardial energy metabolism. Additionally, it examines the intricate regulation of GLUTs at key barriers like the BBB (Blood-Brain Barrier) and placenta, as well as in endocrine glands such as the pancreas, adrenal medulla and thyroid. Moreover, it further elucidates the less-explored territories of GLUT expression in the bones, gastrointestinal tract, and ocular tissues like the retina, unraveling their implications in immune function, bone metabolism, intestinal glucose-sensing, and retinal physiology.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"128 ","pages":"1-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The molecular mechanism underlying the human glucose facilitators inhibition. 人葡萄糖促进剂抑制的分子机制。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2025.01.002

Cantao Quan, Xin Jiang

{"title":"The molecular mechanism underlying the human glucose facilitators inhibition.","authors":"Cantao Quan, Xin Jiang","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.vh.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"Glucose is the primary energy substrate and an essential precursor for cellular metabolism. Maintaining glucose homeostasis necessitates the presence of glucose transporters, as the hydrophilic nature of glucose prevents its passage across the cell membrane. The GLUT family is a crucial group of glucose transporters that facilitate glucose diffusion along the transmembrane glucose concentration gradient. Dysfunction in GLUTs is associated with diseases, such as GLUT1 deficiency syndrome, Fanconi-Bickel syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, elevated expression of GLUTs fuels aerobic glycolysis, known as the Warburg effect, in various types of cancers, making GLUT isoforms possible targets for antineoplastic therapies. To date, 30 GLUT and homolog structures have been released on the Protein Data Bank (PDB), showcasing multiple conformational and ligand-binding states. These structures elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying substrate recognition, the alternating access cycle, and transport inhibition. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of human GLUTs and their role in cancer, highlighting recent advances in the structural characterization of GLUTs. We also compare the inhibition mechanisms of exofacial and endofacial GLUT inhibitors, providing insights into the design and optimization of GLUT inhibitors for therapeutic applications.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"128 ","pages":"49-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transport of dehydroascorbic acid by glucose transporters GLUTs. 葡萄糖转运体GLUTs转运脱氢抗坏血酸。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.09.002

L Mardones

引用次数: 0