Vitamins and Hormones最新文献_第3页

Vitamin B6 and diabetes and its role in counteracting advanced glycation end products. 维生素 B6 与糖尿病及其在抵消高级糖化终产物方面的作用。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.02.005

F Vernì

{"title":"Vitamin B6 and diabetes and its role in counteracting advanced glycation end products.","authors":"F Vernì","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"Naturally occurring forms of vitamin B6 include six interconvertible water-soluble compounds: pyridoxine (PN), pyridoxal (PL), pyridoxamine (PM), and their respective monophosphorylated derivatives (PNP, PLP, and PMP). PLP is the catalytically active form which works as a cofactor in approximately 200 reactions that regulate the metabolism of glucose, lipids, amino acids, DNA, and neurotransmitters. Most of vitamers can counteract the formation of reactive oxygen species and the advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) which are toxic compounds that accumulate in diabetic patients due to prolonged hyperglycemia. Vitamin B6 levels have been inversely associate with diabetes, while vitamin B6 supplementation reduces diabetes onset and its vascular complications. The mechanisms at the basis of the relation between vitamin B6 and diabetes onset are still not completely clarified. In contrast more evidence indicates that vitamin B6 can protect from diabetes complications through its role as scavenger of AGEs. It has been demonstrated that in diabetes AGEs can destroy the functionality of macromolecules such as protein, lipids, and DNA, thus producing tissue damage that result in vascular diseases. AGEs can be in part also responsible for the increased cancer risk associated with diabetes. In this chapter the relationship between vitamin B6, diabetes and AGEs will be discussed by showing the acquired knowledge and questions that are still open.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"125 ","pages":"401-438"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141602091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Aging of the adrenal gland and its impact on the stress response. 肾上腺的老化及其对压力反应的影响。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.12.004

Andreas Yiallouris, Charalampos Filippou, Sophia C Themistocleous, Katerina Menelaou, Vasiliki Kalodimou, Charalambos Michaeloudes, Elizabeth O Johnson

引用次数: 0

Angiotensin II-dependent aldosterone production in the adrenal cortex. 肾上腺皮质中血管紧张素 II 依赖性醛固酮的产生。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.05.001

Anastasios Lymperopoulos, Jordana I Borges, Malka S Suster

{"title":"Angiotensin II-dependent aldosterone production in the adrenal cortex.","authors":"Anastasios Lymperopoulos, Jordana I Borges, Malka S Suster","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2023.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.vh.2023.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"The adrenal cortex is responsible for production of adrenal steroid hormones and is anatomically divided into three distinct zones: zona glomerulosa secreting mineralocorticoids (mainly aldosterone), zona fasciculata secreting glucocorticoids (cortisol), and zona reticularis producing androgens. Importantly, due to their high lipophilicity, no adrenal steroid hormone (including aldosterone) is stored in vesicles but rather gets synthesized and secreted instantly upon cell stimulation with specific stimuli. Aldosterone is the most potent mineralocorticoid hormone produced from the adrenal cortex in response to either angiotensin II (AngII) or elevated K+ levels in the blood (hyperkalemia). AngII, being a peptide, cannot cross cell membranes and thus, uses two distinct G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) types, AngII type 1 receptor (AT1R) and AT2R to exert its effects inside cells. In zona glomerulosa cells, AT1R activation by AngII results in aldosterone synthesis and secretion via two main pathways: (a) Gq/11 proteins that activate phospholipase C ultimately raising intracellular free calcium concentration; and (b) βarrestin1 and -2 (also known as Arrestin-2 and -3, respectively) that elicit sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation. Both pathways induce upregulation and acute activation of StAR (steroidogenic acute regulatory) protein, the enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in aldosterone biosynthesis. This chapter describes these two salient pathways underlying AT1R-induced aldosterone production in zona glomerulosa cells. We also highlight some pharmacologically important notions pertaining to the efficacy of the currently available AT1R antagonists, also known as angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) or sartans at suppressing both pathways, i.e., their inverse agonism efficacy at G proteins and βarrestins.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"124 ","pages":"393-404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139974438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genetic variants in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: Impact on cancer risk, prognosis, and therapeutic directions. 肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统的基因变异：对癌症风险、预后和治疗方向的影响。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.12.002

Muhammad T Abdel Ghafar, Aya A Helmy

引用次数: 0

Sleep loss impairs blood-brain barrier function: Cellular and molecular mechanisms. 睡眠不足会损害血脑屏障功能：细胞和分子机制

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.02.003

Jessica Janeth Avilez-Avilez, María Fernanda Medina-Flores, Beatriz Gómez-Gonzalez

{"title":"Sleep loss impairs blood-brain barrier function: Cellular and molecular mechanisms.","authors":"Jessica Janeth Avilez-Avilez, María Fernanda Medina-Flores, Beatriz Gómez-Gonzalez","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"Sleep is a physiological process that preserves the integrity of the neuro-immune-endocrine network to maintain homeostasis. Sleep regulates the production and secretion of hormones, neurotransmitters, cytokines and other inflammatory mediators, both at the central nervous system (CNS) and at the periphery. Sleep promotes the removal of potentially toxic metabolites out of the brain through specialized systems such as the glymphatic system, as well as the expression of specific transporters in the blood-brain barrier. The blood-brain barrier maintains CNS homeostasis by selectively transporting metabolic substrates and nutrients into the brain, by regulating the efflux of metabolic waste products, and maintaining bidirectional communication between the periphery and the CNS. All those processes are disrupted during sleep loss. Brain endothelial cells express the blood-brain barrier phenotype, which arises after cell-to-cell interactions with mural cells, like pericytes, and after the release of soluble factors by astroglial endfeet. Astroglia, pericytes and brain endothelial cells respond differently to sleep loss; evidence has shown that sleep loss induces a chronic low-grade inflammatory state at the CNS, which is associated with blood-brain barrier dysfunction. In animal models, blood-brain barrier dysfunction is characterized by increased blood-brain barrier permeability, decreased tight junction protein expression and pericyte detachment from the capillary wall. Blood-brain barrier dysfunction may promote defects in brain clearance of potentially neurotoxic metabolites and byproducts of neural physiology, which may eventually contribute to neurodegenerative diseases. This chapter aims to describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which sleep loss modifies the function of the blood-brain barrier.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"126 ","pages":"77-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141728227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Insulin receptor at the blood-brain barrier: Transport and signaling. 血脑屏障上的胰岛素受体：运输和信号传递

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-25 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.05.001

Sumio Ohtsuki

引用次数: 0

The Maillard reactions: Pathways, consequences, and control. 马氏反应：途径、后果和控制。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.04.002

Delia B Rodriguez-Amaya, Jaime Amaya-Farfan

引用次数: 0

Sensors for blood brain barrier on a chip. 芯片血脑屏障传感器

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.02.006

Yan Liang, Jeong-Yeol Yoon

引用次数: 0

Brain microvascular endothelial cell metabolism and its ties to barrier function. 脑微血管内皮细胞新陈代谢及其与屏障功能的关系。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-31 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.05.002

Callie M Weber, Bilal Moiz, Alisa Morss Clyne

{"title":"Brain microvascular endothelial cell metabolism and its ties to barrier function.","authors":"Callie M Weber, Bilal Moiz, Alisa Morss Clyne","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"Brain microvascular endothelial cells, which lie at the interface between blood and brain, are critical to brain energetics. These cells must precisely balance metabolizing nutrients for their own demands with transporting nutrients into the brain to sustain parenchymal cells. It is essential to understand this integrated metabolism and transport so that we can develop better diagnostics and therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and traumatic brain injury. In this chapter, we first describe brain microvascular endothelial cell metabolism and how these cells regulate both blood flow and nutrient transport. We then explain the impact of brain microvascular endothelial cell metabolism on the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, as well as how metabolites produced by the endothelial cells impact other brain cells. We detail some ways that cell metabolism is typically measured experimentally and modeled computationally. Finally, we describe changes in brain microvascular endothelial cell metabolism in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. At the end of the chapter, we highlight areas for future research in brain microvascular endothelial cell metabolism. The goal of this chapter is to underscore the importance of nutrient metabolism and transport at the brain endothelium for cerebral health and neurovascular disease treatment.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"126 ","pages":"25-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11756814/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141728220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

MicroRNA regulation of adrenal glucocorticoid and androgen biosynthesis. 肾上腺糖皮质激素和雄激素生物合成的微RNA调控。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.06.006

Salman Azhar, Wen-Jun Shen, Zhigang Hu, Fredric B Kraemer

{"title":"MicroRNA regulation of adrenal glucocorticoid and androgen biosynthesis.","authors":"Salman Azhar, Wen-Jun Shen, Zhigang Hu, Fredric B Kraemer","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2023.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.vh.2023.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"Steroid hormones are derived from a common precursor molecule, cholesterol, and regulate a wide range of physiologic function including reproduction, salt balance, maintenance of secondary sexual characteristics, response to stress, neuronal function, and various metabolic processes. Among the steroids synthesized by the adrenal and gonadal tissues, adrenal mineralocorticoids, and glucocorticoids are essential for life. The process of steroidogenesis is regulated at multiple levels largely by transcriptional, posttranscriptional, translational, and posttranslational regulation of the steroidogenic enzymes (i.e., cytochrome P450s and hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases), cellular compartmentalization of the steroidogenic enzymes, and cholesterol processing and transport proteins. In recent years, small noncoding RNAs, termed microRNAs (miRNAs) have been recognized as major post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression with essential roles in numerous biological processes and disease pathologies. Although their role in the regulation of steroidogenesis is still emerging, several recent studies have contributed significantly to our understanding of the role miRNAs play in the regulation of the steroidogenic process. This chapter focuses on the recent developments in miRNA regulation of adrenal glucocorticoid and androgen production in humans and rodents.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"124 ","pages":"1-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139974442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0