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Nanoparticles in prevention of protein glycation. 纳米粒子在防止蛋白质糖化方面的作用。
4区 医学
Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.04.001
Aruna Sivaram, Nayana Patil
{"title":"Nanoparticles in prevention of protein glycation.","authors":"Aruna Sivaram, Nayana Patil","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.vh.2024.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are formed by the non-enzymatic attachment of carbohydrates to a biological macromolecule. These AGEs bind to their cognate receptor called receptor for AGEs (RAGEs), which becomes one of the important causal factors for the initiation and progression of several diseases. A deep understanding into the pathways of RAGEs will help in identifying novel intervention modalities as a part of new therapeutic strategies. Although several approaches exist to target this pathway using small molecules, compounds of plant origin etc, nanoparticles have proven to be a critical method, given its several advantages. A high bioavailability, biocompatibility, ability to cross blood brain barrier and modifiable surface properties give nanoparticles an upper edge over other strategies. In this chapter, we will discuss AGEs, their involvement in diseases and the nanoparticles used for targeting this pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"125 ","pages":"287-309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141602143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Maillard reactions: Pathways, consequences, and control. 马氏反应：途径、后果和控制。
4区 医学
Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.04.002
Delia B Rodriguez-Amaya, Jaime Amaya-Farfan
{"title":"The Maillard reactions: Pathways, consequences, and control.","authors":"Delia B Rodriguez-Amaya, Jaime Amaya-Farfan","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.vh.2024.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The century old Maillard reactions continue to draw the interest of researchers in the fields of Food Science and Technology, and Health and Medical Sciences. This chapter seeks to simplify and update this highly complicated, multifaceted topic. The simple nucleophilic attack of an amine onto a carbonyl group gives rise to a series of parallel and subsequent reactions, occurring simultaneously, resulting into a vast array of low and high mass compounds. Recent research has focused on: (1) the formation and transformation of α-dicarbonyl compounds, highly reactive intermediates which are essential in the development of the desired color and flavor of foods, but also lead to the production of the detrimental advanced glycation end products (AGEs); (2) elucidation of the structures of melanoidins in different foods and their beneficial effects on human health; and (3) harmful effects of AGEs on human health. Considering that MRs have both positive and negative consequences, their control to accentuate the former and to mitigate the latter, is also being conscientiously investigated with the use of modern techniques and technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"125 ","pages":"149-182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141602090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Insulin receptor at the blood-brain barrier: Transport and signaling. 血脑屏障上的胰岛素受体：运输和信号传递
4区 医学
Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-25 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.05.001
Sumio Ohtsuki
{"title":"Insulin receptor at the blood-brain barrier: Transport and signaling.","authors":"Sumio Ohtsuki","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a unique system of the brain microvasculature that limits the exchange between the blood and the brain. Brain microvascular endothelial cells form the BBB as part of the neurovascular unit and express insulin receptors. The insulin receptor at the BBB has been studied in two different functional aspects. These functions include (1) the supplying of blood insulin to the brain and (2) the modulation of BBB function via insulin signaling. The first function involves drug delivery to the brain, while the second function is related to the association between central nervous system diseases and type 2 diabetes through insulin resistance. This chapter summarizes recent progress in research on the function of insulin receptors at the BBB.</p>","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"126 ","pages":"113-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141728223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sleep loss impairs blood-brain barrier function: Cellular and molecular mechanisms. 睡眠不足会损害血脑屏障功能：细胞和分子机制
4区 医学
Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.02.003
Jessica Janeth Avilez-Avilez, María Fernanda Medina-Flores, Beatriz Gómez-Gonzalez
{"title":"Sleep loss impairs blood-brain barrier function: Cellular and molecular mechanisms.","authors":"Jessica Janeth Avilez-Avilez, María Fernanda Medina-Flores, Beatriz Gómez-Gonzalez","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.vh.2024.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sleep is a physiological process that preserves the integrity of the neuro-immune-endocrine network to maintain homeostasis. Sleep regulates the production and secretion of hormones, neurotransmitters, cytokines and other inflammatory mediators, both at the central nervous system (CNS) and at the periphery. Sleep promotes the removal of potentially toxic metabolites out of the brain through specialized systems such as the glymphatic system, as well as the expression of specific transporters in the blood-brain barrier. The blood-brain barrier maintains CNS homeostasis by selectively transporting metabolic substrates and nutrients into the brain, by regulating the efflux of metabolic waste products, and maintaining bidirectional communication between the periphery and the CNS. All those processes are disrupted during sleep loss. Brain endothelial cells express the blood-brain barrier phenotype, which arises after cell-to-cell interactions with mural cells, like pericytes, and after the release of soluble factors by astroglial endfeet. Astroglia, pericytes and brain endothelial cells respond differently to sleep loss; evidence has shown that sleep loss induces a chronic low-grade inflammatory state at the CNS, which is associated with blood-brain barrier dysfunction. In animal models, blood-brain barrier dysfunction is characterized by increased blood-brain barrier permeability, decreased tight junction protein expression and pericyte detachment from the capillary wall. Blood-brain barrier dysfunction may promote defects in brain clearance of potentially neurotoxic metabolites and byproducts of neural physiology, which may eventually contribute to neurodegenerative diseases. This chapter aims to describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which sleep loss modifies the function of the blood-brain barrier.</p>","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"126 ","pages":"77-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141728227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sensors for blood brain barrier on a chip. 芯片血脑屏障传感器
4区 医学
Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.02.006
Yan Liang, Jeong-Yeol Yoon
{"title":"Sensors for blood brain barrier on a chip.","authors":"Yan Liang, Jeong-Yeol Yoon","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.02.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.vh.2024.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective membrane that regulates the passage of substances between the bloodstream and the brain, thus safeguarding the central nervous system. This chapter provides an overview of current experimental models and detection methods utilized to study the BBB, along with the implementation of sensors and biosensors in BBB research. We discuss static and dynamic BBB models, highlighting their respective advantages and limitations. Additionally, we examine various detection methods employed in BBB research, including those specific to static and dynamic models. Furthermore, we explore the applications of physical sensors and biosensors in BBB models, focusing on their roles in monitoring barrier integrity and function. We also discuss recent advancements in sensor integration, such as robotic interrogators and integrated electrochemical and optical biosensors. Finally, we present a brief conclusion and future outlook, emphasizing the importance of continued innovation in BBB research to advance our understanding of neurological disorders and drug development.</p>","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"126 ","pages":"219-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141728226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Aging of the adrenal gland and its impact on the stress response. 肾上腺的老化及其对压力反应的影响。
4区 医学
Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.12.004
Andreas Yiallouris, Charalampos Filippou, Sophia C Themistocleous, Katerina Menelaou, Vasiliki Kalodimou, Charalambos Michaeloudes, Elizabeth O Johnson
{"title":"Aging of the adrenal gland and its impact on the stress response.","authors":"Andreas Yiallouris, Charalampos Filippou, Sophia C Themistocleous, Katerina Menelaou, Vasiliki Kalodimou, Charalambos Michaeloudes, Elizabeth O Johnson","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2023.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.vh.2023.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article discusses the physiological and anatomical changes of adrenal gland with age and the effects this has overall on how the organ responds to stress. Physiological changes entail a decrease in adrenocorticoid hormone secretion however cortisol levels remain intact leading to a disruptive stress response. Additionally, loss of zonation of the organ also occurs. Both characteristics in combination with chronic stress affect overall health. Complex interplay between adrenal aging and stress responsiveness is confounded further by the impact they expel on other systems, such as the thyroid hormone. The body undergoes age-related transformations modifying rate of cellular growth, differentiation, senescence, and hormone production. Given the multiplicity and complexity of hormones, their production must be considered to develop appropriate interventions to mitigate its effect on age related diseases in health.</p>","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"124 ","pages":"341-366"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139974437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Angiotensin II-dependent aldosterone production in the adrenal cortex. 肾上腺皮质中血管紧张素 II 依赖性醛固酮的产生。
4区 医学
Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.05.001
Anastasios Lymperopoulos, Jordana I Borges, Malka S Suster
{"title":"Angiotensin II-dependent aldosterone production in the adrenal cortex.","authors":"Anastasios Lymperopoulos, Jordana I Borges, Malka S Suster","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2023.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.vh.2023.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The adrenal cortex is responsible for production of adrenal steroid hormones and is anatomically divided into three distinct zones: zona glomerulosa secreting mineralocorticoids (mainly aldosterone), zona fasciculata secreting glucocorticoids (cortisol), and zona reticularis producing androgens. Importantly, due to their high lipophilicity, no adrenal steroid hormone (including aldosterone) is stored in vesicles but rather gets synthesized and secreted instantly upon cell stimulation with specific stimuli. Aldosterone is the most potent mineralocorticoid hormone produced from the adrenal cortex in response to either angiotensin II (AngII) or elevated K<sup>+</sup> levels in the blood (hyperkalemia). AngII, being a peptide, cannot cross cell membranes and thus, uses two distinct G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) types, AngII type 1 receptor (AT<sub>1</sub>R) and AT<sub>2</sub>R to exert its effects inside cells. In zona glomerulosa cells, AT<sub>1</sub>R activation by AngII results in aldosterone synthesis and secretion via two main pathways: (a) G<sub>q/11</sub> proteins that activate phospholipase C ultimately raising intracellular free calcium concentration; and (b) βarrestin1 and -2 (also known as Arrestin-2 and -3, respectively) that elicit sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation. Both pathways induce upregulation and acute activation of StAR (steroidogenic acute regulatory) protein, the enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in aldosterone biosynthesis. This chapter describes these two salient pathways underlying AT<sub>1</sub>R-induced aldosterone production in zona glomerulosa cells. We also highlight some pharmacologically important notions pertaining to the efficacy of the currently available AT<sub>1</sub>R antagonists, also known as angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) or sartans at suppressing both pathways, i.e., their inverse agonism efficacy at G proteins and βarrestins.</p>","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"124 ","pages":"393-404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139974438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Genetic variants in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: Impact on cancer risk, prognosis, and therapeutic directions. 肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统的基因变异：对癌症风险、预后和治疗方向的影响。
4区 医学
Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.12.002
Muhammad T Abdel Ghafar, Aya A Helmy
{"title":"Genetic variants in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: Impact on cancer risk, prognosis, and therapeutic directions.","authors":"Muhammad T Abdel Ghafar, Aya A Helmy","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2023.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.vh.2023.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is known to maintain blood pressure and electrolyte balance, it has recently been linked to a number of biological processes such as angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, metastasis, and cellular proliferation, increasing the risk of cancer development and progression. Multiple genetic variants have been found to affect the genes encoding RAAS components, altering gene transcription and protein expression. This review provides an up-to-date insight into the role of RAAS in carcinogenesis, as well as the impact of RAAS genetic variants on the risk of cancer development, progression, and patient survival and outcomes, as well as response to treatment. This paves the way for the application of precision medicine in cancer risk assessment and management by implementing preventative programs in individuals at risk and guiding the therapeutic direction in cancer patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"124 ","pages":"165-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139974441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Brain microvascular endothelial cell metabolism and its ties to barrier function. 脑微血管内皮细胞新陈代谢及其与屏障功能的关系。
4区 医学
Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-31 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.05.002
Callie M Weber, Bilal Moiz, Alisa Morss Clyne
{"title":"Brain microvascular endothelial cell metabolism and its ties to barrier function.","authors":"Callie M Weber, Bilal Moiz, Alisa Morss Clyne","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain microvascular endothelial cells, which lie at the interface between blood and brain, are critical to brain energetics. These cells must precisely balance metabolizing nutrients for their own demands with transporting nutrients into the brain to sustain parenchymal cells. It is essential to understand this integrated metabolism and transport so that we can develop better diagnostics and therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and traumatic brain injury. In this chapter, we first describe brain microvascular endothelial cell metabolism and how these cells regulate both blood flow and nutrient transport. We then explain the impact of brain microvascular endothelial cell metabolism on the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, as well as how metabolites produced by the endothelial cells impact other brain cells. We detail some ways that cell metabolism is typically measured experimentally and modeled computationally. Finally, we describe changes in brain microvascular endothelial cell metabolism in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. At the end of the chapter, we highlight areas for future research in brain microvascular endothelial cell metabolism. The goal of this chapter is to underscore the importance of nutrient metabolism and transport at the brain endothelium for cerebral health and neurovascular disease treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"126 ","pages":"25-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11756814/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141728220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Glycation and drug binding by serum albumin. 血清白蛋白的糖化和药物结合。
4区 医学
Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.12.001
Anu Jain, Nand Kishore
{"title":"Glycation and drug binding by serum albumin.","authors":"Anu Jain, Nand Kishore","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2023.12.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.vh.2023.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accumulation of glycation products in patients with hyperglycaemic conditions can lead to their reaction with the proteins in the human system such as serum albumin, haemoglobin, insulin, plasma lipoproteins, lens proteins and collagen among others which have important biological functions. Therefore, it is important to understand if glycation of these proteins affects their normal action not only qualitatively, but also importantly quantitatively. Glycation of human serum albumin can easily be carried out over period of weeks and its drug transportability may be examined, in addition to characterisation of the amadori products. A combination of ultrasensitive isothermal titration calorimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, spectroscopy and chromatography provides structure-property-energetics correlations which are important to obtain mechanistic aspects of drug recognition, conformation of the protein, and role of amadori products under conditions of glycation. The role of advance glycation end products is important in recognition of antidiabetic drugs. Further, the extent of glycation of the protein and its implication on drug transportability investigated by direct calorimetric methods enables unravelling mechanistic insights into role of functionality on drug molecules in the binding process, and hinderance in the recognition process, if any, as a result of glycation. It is possible that the drug binding ability of the protein under glycation conditions may not be adversely affected, or may even lead to strengthened ability. Rigorous studies on such systems with diverse functionality on the drug molecules is required which is essential in deriving guidelines for improvements in the existing drugs or in the synthesis of new molecular entities directed towards addressing diabetic conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"125 ","pages":"89-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141602140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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