Vitamins and Hormones最新文献

Melatonin, modulation of hypothalamic activity, and reproduction.

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.06.003

Santiago Elías Charif, Verónica Berta Dorfman

{"title":"Melatonin, modulation of hypothalamic activity, and reproduction.","authors":"Santiago Elías Charif, Verónica Berta Dorfman","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.06.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.vh.2024.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"Light is the most reliable environmental cue allowing animals to breed successfully when conditions are optimal. In seasonal breeders, photoperiod (length of daylight) information is sensed by the eyes and transmitted to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the master clock region located in the hypothalamus. This structure has a 24-h firing rhythm involving a cycle of clock protein synthesis and degradation, and provides the timing to synchronize the synthesis and release of melatonin, the chemical signal that transduces the photoperiod information. The enzyme arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase, responsible for melatonin synthesis in the pineal gland, is modulated by environmental light. Melatonin is secreted during the dark hours of the night to blood circulation and cerebrospinal fluid conveying photoperiod information to other tissues. Melatonin exerts its action by binding to specific membrane receptors MT1 and MT2, and can modulate several pathways including neurotransmitters, and hormones like kisspeptin, the gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone, and thyroid hormones, all of them impacting on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. Then, GnRH will modulate in turn the reproductive axis. In conclusion, acting as a transducer of photoperiod information, this hormone exerts precisely timed activation of different pathways that modulate seasonal breeding ensuring optimal conditions for reproduction.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"127 ","pages":"283-303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Glucose transporters and their energy homeostasis function in various organs.

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.08.001

Nithya U, Theijeswini R C, Karthick Raja R, Gayathri Mahalingam

{"title":"Glucose transporters and their energy homeostasis function in various organs.","authors":"Nithya U, Theijeswini R C, Karthick Raja R, Gayathri Mahalingam","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.vh.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"Glucose transporters (GLUTs) belong to a membrane-protein family that essentially participates in easing the transportation and absorption of glucose molecules throughout the cellular membranes. From the brain to the eyes, each section delves into the intricate mechanisms of glucose uptake and utilization, shedding light on the unique adaptations and regulatory pathways in different anatomical structures. Beginning with the brain, known for its high energy demands, the chapter explicates the specialized GLUT expression patterns crucial for neuronal function and synaptic transmission. Moving to metabolic powerhouses like the liver, muscles, and adipose tissue, it elucidates the dynamic interplay of GLUT isoforms in energy storage, mobilization, and insulin responsiveness. Furthermore, the chapter navigates through the kidneys, lungs, skin, and reproductive organs, unveiling the diverse roles of GLUTs in renal glucose reabsorption, pulmonary-epithelial transportation, skin barrier associated functions, and gonadal development. It also explores the significance of placental GLUTs in fatal nutrient supply and the implications of cardiac GLUTs in myocardial energy metabolism. Additionally, it examines the intricate regulation of GLUTs at key barriers like the BBB (Blood-Brain Barrier) and placenta, as well as in endocrine glands such as the pancreas, adrenal medulla and thyroid. Moreover, it further elucidates the less-explored territories of GLUT expression in the bones, gastrointestinal tract, and ocular tissues like the retina, unraveling their implications in immune function, bone metabolism, intestinal glucose-sensing, and retinal physiology.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"128 ","pages":"1-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The molecular mechanism underlying the human glucose facilitators inhibition.

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2025.01.002

Cantao Quan, Xin Jiang

{"title":"The molecular mechanism underlying the human glucose facilitators inhibition.","authors":"Cantao Quan, Xin Jiang","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.vh.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"Glucose is the primary energy substrate and an essential precursor for cellular metabolism. Maintaining glucose homeostasis necessitates the presence of glucose transporters, as the hydrophilic nature of glucose prevents its passage across the cell membrane. The GLUT family is a crucial group of glucose transporters that facilitate glucose diffusion along the transmembrane glucose concentration gradient. Dysfunction in GLUTs is associated with diseases, such as GLUT1 deficiency syndrome, Fanconi-Bickel syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, elevated expression of GLUTs fuels aerobic glycolysis, known as the Warburg effect, in various types of cancers, making GLUT isoforms possible targets for antineoplastic therapies. To date, 30 GLUT and homolog structures have been released on the Protein Data Bank (PDB), showcasing multiple conformational and ligand-binding states. These structures elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying substrate recognition, the alternating access cycle, and transport inhibition. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of human GLUTs and their role in cancer, highlighting recent advances in the structural characterization of GLUTs. We also compare the inhibition mechanisms of exofacial and endofacial GLUT inhibitors, providing insights into the design and optimization of GLUT inhibitors for therapeutic applications.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"128 ","pages":"49-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transport of dehydroascorbic acid by glucose transporters GLUTs.

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.09.002

L Mardones

引用次数: 0

Distribution of the kisspeptin system and its relation with gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the hypothalamus.

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.06.004

Verónica Berta Dorfman

{"title":"Distribution of the kisspeptin system and its relation with gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the hypothalamus.","authors":"Verónica Berta Dorfman","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.06.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.vh.2024.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"Kisspeptin (KISS1), originally catalogued as metastin because of its capacity as a metastasis suppressor in human melanoma and breast cancer, is now recognized as the major puberty gatekeeper and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuroendocrine system modulator. It is a member of the family of RFamide-related peptides that also includes the neuropeptide FF group, the gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone, the prolactin-releasing peptide, and the 26RFa peptides. The KISS1 precursor peptide is processed into a family of peptides known as kisspeptins. Its expression has been described in the hypothalamus as well as in the whole reproductive axis and several extra reproductive tissues of mammals as well as fish and amphibians, but not in birds. KISS1 plays an essential role as a regulator of the reproductive axis by inducing the synthesis and release of GnRH, acting through specific receptors. The study of the kisspeptin system and its relation with reproduction in wild and non-classical laboratory species is extremely useful to understand and become aware of the role of KISS1 in the wide variety of possible different reproductive strategies. In this chapter, KISS1 involvement in non-classical laboratory rodents, fishes, and birds is discussed.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"127 ","pages":"51-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Functional properties of aged hypothalamic cells.

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.07.003

Petr M Masliukov

引用次数: 0

Hypothalamic neural circuits regulating energy expenditure.

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-20 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.07.004

Rashmita Basu, Jonathan N Flak

{"title":"Hypothalamic neural circuits regulating energy expenditure.","authors":"Rashmita Basu, Jonathan N Flak","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.07.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.vh.2024.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"The hypothalamus plays a central role in regulating energy expenditure and maintaining energy homeostasis, crucial for an organism's survival. Located in the ventral diencephalon, it is a dynamic and adaptable brain region capable of rapid responses to environmental changes, exhibiting high anatomical and cellular plasticity and integrates a myriad of sensory information, internal physiological cues, and humoral factors to accurately interpret the nutritional state and adjust food intake, thermogenesis, and energy homeostasis. Key hypothalamic nuclei contain distinct neuron populations that respond to hormonal, nutrient, and neural inputs and communicate extensively with peripheral organs like the gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas, and adipose tissues to regulate energy production, storage, mobilization, and utilization. The hypothalamus has evolved to enhance energy storage for survival in famine and scarce environments but contribute to obesity in modern contexts of caloric abundance. It acts as a master regulator of whole-body energy homeostasis, rapidly adapting to ensure energy supplies for cellular functions. Understanding hypothalamic function, pertaining to energy expenditure, is crucial for developing targeted interventions to address metabolic disorders, offering new insights into the neural control of metabolic states and potential therapeutic strategies.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"127 ","pages":"79-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Kisspeptin control of hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian functions.

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.06.005

K P Joy, R Chaube

{"title":"Kisspeptin control of hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian functions.","authors":"K P Joy, R Chaube","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.06.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.vh.2024.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"The discovery of Kisspeptin (Kiss) has opened a new direction in research on neuroendocrine control of reproduction in vertebrates. Belonging to the RF amide family of peptides, Kiss and its cognate receptor Gpr54 (Kissr) have a long and complex evolutionary history. Multiple forms of Kiss and Kissr are identified in non-mammalian vertebrates, with the exception of birds, and monotreme mammals. However, only a single form of the ligand (KISS1/Kiss1) and receptor (KISS1R/Kiss1r) is retained in higher mammals. Kiss1 is distributed in the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and its primary function is to stimulate gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. Kiss1 neurons are distributed in the rostral periventricular area of the third ventricle (RP3V) and arcuate/infundibular nucleus (ARN/IFN). The ARN/IFN is considered the GnRH pulse generator controlled by steroid negative feedback, and the RP3V neurons is concerned with GnRH surge induced by steroid positive feedback in females. The Kiss1-Kiss1r signaling is important in all aspects of reproduction: puberty onset, maintenance of adult gonadal functions and reproductive aging, and hence assumes therapeutic potentials in the treatment of reproductive dysfunctions and induction of artificial reproduction. This chapter reviews involvement of Kiss1 in the control of the HPG axis functions in female mammals.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"127 ","pages":"153-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Opioid reward and deep brain stimulation of the lateral hypothalamic area.

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.10.004

Mojdeh Fattahi, Milad Rahimpour, Esmail Riahi

{"title":"Opioid reward and deep brain stimulation of the lateral hypothalamic area.","authors":"Mojdeh Fattahi, Milad Rahimpour, Esmail Riahi","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.10.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.vh.2024.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"Opioid use disorder (OUD) is considered a global health issue that affects various aspects of patients' lives and poses a considerable burden on society. Due to the high prevalence of remissions and relapses, novel therapeutic approaches are required to manage OUD. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is one of the most promising clinical breakthroughs in translational neuroscience. It involves stereotactically implanting electrodes inside the brain and transmitting electrical pulses to targeted areas. To date, the nucleus accumbens has been recognized as the most successful DBS target for treating different types of drug addiction. Nevertheless, further preclinical research is required to determine the optimal brain target and stimulation parameters. On the other hand, the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) plays a crucial role in many motivated behaviors including food intake and drug-seeking. Additionally, it projects widely throughout the brain to reward-related areas like the ventral tegmental area. Therefore, this chapter reviews studies investigating the potential positive effects of DBS administration in the LHA in animal models of opioid dependence and other pathological conditions. Findings reveal that LHA has the potential to be targeted for DBS application to treat a wide variety of disorders such as opioid dependence, obesity, and sleep disorders without significant adverse events. However, in the context of opioid dependence, more studies are needed, based on more valid animal models of addiction, including self-administration paradigms and varying stimulation patterns, to indicate that LHA is a safe and effective target for DBS in subjects with refractory opioid dependence.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"127 ","pages":"245-281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

About the editor.

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0083-6729(25)00025-1

引用次数: 0