Vitamins and Hormones最新文献

Clinical manifestations of primary aldosteronism and cardiometabolic risk. 原发性醛固酮增多症的临床表现与心脏代谢风险。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2025.08.002

Eider Pascual-Corrales, José Manuel Ruiz-Cánovas, Marta María Pérez Peña

引用次数: 0

New molecular markers of response to medical therapy in acromegaly. 肢端肥大症药物治疗反应的新分子标志物。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2025.10.006

Aina Raventós, Joan Gil, Montserrat Marques-Pamies, Paula de Pedro-Campos, Carmín Puente de la Vega, Antonio Picó, Cristina Lamas, Elías Delgado, Edelmiro Menéndez, Guillermo Serra, Ignacio Bernabéu, Rocio Villar, Jordi Ferri, Karla Mariaca, Rebeca Martínez, Mónica Marazuela, Marta Araujo-Castro, Betina Biagetti, Mireia Jordà, Elena Valassi, Manel Puig-Domingo

{"title":"New molecular markers of response to medical therapy in acromegaly.","authors":"Aina Raventós, Joan Gil, Montserrat Marques-Pamies, Paula de Pedro-Campos, Carmín Puente de la Vega, Antonio Picó, Cristina Lamas, Elías Delgado, Edelmiro Menéndez, Guillermo Serra, Ignacio Bernabéu, Rocio Villar, Jordi Ferri, Karla Mariaca, Rebeca Martínez, Mónica Marazuela, Marta Araujo-Castro, Betina Biagetti, Mireia Jordà, Elena Valassi, Manel Puig-Domingo","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2025.10.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.vh.2025.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"The management of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) is shifting toward a personalized medicine approach, supported by the identification of biomarkers that can guide individualized surgical and medical strategies. In acromegaly, medical therapy with somatostatin receptor ligands (SRLs), dopamine agonists, and GH receptor antagonists represent the cornerstone of treatment in patients with persistent disease after surgery or when surgery cannot be performed. However, therapeutic outcomes are highly variable, reflecting the substantial heterogeneity of somatotropinomas. The classical approach, which considers clinical factors, radiological features, and histological subtypes, continues to play a role but remains insufficient to reliably identify treatment response with high accuracy. New approaches such as those based on functional testing and omics sciences-including genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics-are showing superiority in identifying determinants of treatment response. Although current evidence is growing, these approaches are still considered in the research field but are slowly being introduced in clinical practice. In this chapter, we review the available molecular and functional markers of response to medical therapy in acromegaly and discuss how to include them in the clinical ground for advancing precision medicine in this disease.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"131 ","pages":"265-292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147582515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Growth hormone: Synthesis and regulation. 生长激素：合成与调控。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2025.10.001

Pedro Iglesias, Fernando Guerrero-Pérez

{"title":"Growth hormone: Synthesis and regulation.","authors":"Pedro Iglesias, Fernando Guerrero-Pérez","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2025.10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.vh.2025.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"Growth hormone (GH) plays an essential role in the regulation of postnatal growth and metabolism through both direct and GH-IGF-1 axis-mediated mechanisms. GH action involves a complex interplay of endocrine, paracrine and autocrine signals that affect multiple tissues and organs. This review addresses the molecular and physiological fundamentals of GH secretion and action, as well as the multiple factors that modulate it, including central and peripheral signals, metabolic variables, physiological and pharmacological states. The relevance of GH receptor signaling and intracellular pathways involved in tissue response is discussed, as well as the mechanisms of hormone resistance that may arise in different clinical contexts. GH secretion, which is pulsatile, is subject to strict regulation by the hypothalamic-pituitary system, involving GHRH, somatostatin and ghrelin, together with negative feedback from GH and IGF-1. In addition, factors such as sleep, nutrition, stress, age or sex contribute significantly to its physiological variability. The implications of the somatotropic axis in pathological conditions such as GH deficiency, acromegaly or GH insensitivity syndromes are also explored.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"131 ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147582555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Aldosterone & cortisol cosecretion. 醛固酮和皮质醇的共同分泌。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2025.10.009

Pol Candela, Carme Figueredo, Felicia A Hanzu

引用次数: 0

Diagnosis of primary aldosteronism: Renin activity, renin concentration and aldosterone/renin ratio. 原发性醛固酮增多症的诊断：肾素活性、肾素浓度和醛固酮/肾素比值。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2025.08.005

Manuel Morales-Ruiz, María Rodríguez-García, Nerea Sainz-Pastor, Alex Barragán-Muñoz, Gregori Casals

{"title":"Diagnosis of primary aldosteronism: Renin activity, renin concentration and aldosterone/renin ratio.","authors":"Manuel Morales-Ruiz, María Rodríguez-García, Nerea Sainz-Pastor, Alex Barragán-Muñoz, Gregori Casals","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2025.08.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.vh.2025.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) is a cornerstone of cardiovascular and electrolyte homeostasis, and its dysregulation is central to the pathophysiology of hypertension, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the RAAS, from its classical and alternative signaling pathways to its clinical implications. We delve into the pathological consequences of both RAAS overactivation and its suppression. A significant focus is placed on the biochemical evaluation of the RAAS, tracing the chronological progression from early bioassays to modern automated immunoassays and high-resolution mass spectrometry for measuring renin and aldosterone. We critically examine the methodologies for determining plasma renin activity (PRA) and direct renin Concentration (DRC), and the nuances of plasma and urinary aldosterone quantification. The aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR) is highlighted as the essential screening tool for PA, with a detailed discussion of assay-specific cut-offs and the imperative of laboratory-specific validation. Furthermore, the chapter outlines the numerous preanalytical and analytical variables that profoundly influence RAAS component measurements, including patient posture, diet, and the significant confounding effects of various medications. Adherence to standardized protocols for sample collection, handling, and analysis is emphasized as critical for accurate diagnosis and management.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"130 ","pages":"105-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146120555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adrenal venous sampling interpretation and molecular imaging as localization tool in primary aldosteronism. 肾上腺静脉取样解释和分子成像作为原发性醛固酮增多症的定位工具。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2025.11.002

Sinan Deniz, Matthias Oettle, Markus Kroiss, Friederike Völter, Martin Reincke

{"title":"Adrenal venous sampling interpretation and molecular imaging as localization tool in primary aldosteronism.","authors":"Sinan Deniz, Matthias Oettle, Markus Kroiss, Friederike Völter, Martin Reincke","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2025.11.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.vh.2025.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the leading cause of secondary hypertension. In general, two principal subtypes are distinguished: A lateralized form in which aldosterone hypersecretion originates from a single adrenal gland, and a non-lateralized form characterized by bilateral adrenal involvement. In patients with lateralized PA, adrenalectomy yields more favorable clinical and biochemical outcomes than pharmacological therapy. Accurate subtype classification is therefore essential to guide the optimal treatment. Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) remains the gold standard for localizing aldosterone excess, though its technical difficulty and limited availability pose challenges. In addition, molecular imaging has emerged as a promising non-invasive alternative in recent years, with novel PET tracers showing potential to complement or replace AVS in selected patients. This chapter summarizes the indications, technical aspects, and interpretation of AVS, and reviews current molecular imaging approaches, emphasizing their potential role as complementary tools in the diagnostic work-up of PA.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"130 ","pages":"255-288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146120279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Co-secreting pituitary adenomas in acromegaly: Classification, diagnosis, and treatment strategies. 肢端肥大症并发垂体腺瘤：分类、诊断和治疗策略。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2025.06.002

Betina Biagetti, Marta Araujo-Castro

引用次数: 0

Growth hormone and glycemic metabolism. 生长激素和血糖代谢。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2025.10.003

Eider Pascual-Corrales, José Manuel Ruiz-Cánovas, Wilfredo Antonio Rivera-Martínez

{"title":"Growth hormone and glycemic metabolism.","authors":"Eider Pascual-Corrales, José Manuel Ruiz-Cánovas, Wilfredo Antonio Rivera-Martínez","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2025.10.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.vh.2025.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"Growth hormone (GH) is secreted in a pulsatile pattern and exerts pleiotropic effects on growth and metabolism. Beyond its role in somatic development, GH is a key regulator of glucose homeostasis through its influence on insulin signaling, lipid mobilization, and substrate partitioning. Chronic disturbances of the GH-IGF-1 axis profoundly affect glucose metabolism. In acromegaly, sustained GH and IGF-1 excess induces systemic insulin resistance via direct antagonism of insulin receptor signaling, increased lipolysis, and elevated free fatty acids, ultimately leading to impaired glucose tolerance or overt diabetes in up to half of patients. Conversely, GH deficiency is characterized by visceral adiposity, low IGF-1, and reduced lean mass, changes that also impair insulin sensitivity through distinct mechanisms. These contrasting phenotypes highlight the dual role of GH in modulating insulin action and glucose control. Notably, insulin resistance in acromegaly is paradoxical in that it occurs despite reduced adipose tissue mass, whereas in GH deficiency it is driven by increased fat accumulation. Therapeutic interventions targeting the GH axis -such as transsphenoidal surgery, somatostatin analogues, GH receptor antagonists, and dopamine agonists- have differential effects on glucose homeostasis, ranging from improvement of insulin sensitivity to further impairment depending on the agent. Recognition of these divergent metabolic consequences is critical for personalized management of patients with acromegaly or GH deficiency. Looking ahead, advances in understanding GH-IGF-1-insulin cross-talk and the molecular drivers of insulin resistance may guide the development of novel therapies aimed at optimizing metabolic outcomes in disorders of the GH axis.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"131 ","pages":"59-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147582425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Acromegaly-Physiopathology and etiology. 肢端肥大——生理病理和病因学。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2026.01.001

Frederic Castinetti

引用次数: 0

Pathogenesis of primary aldosteronism. 原发性醛固酮增多症的发病机制。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2025.08.004

Paola Parra Ramírez, Patricia Martín Rojas-Marcos

{"title":"Pathogenesis of primary aldosteronism.","authors":"Paola Parra Ramírez, Patricia Martín Rojas-Marcos","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2025.08.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.vh.2025.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common cause of endocrine hypertension, characterized by autonomous aldosterone production, unregulated by sodium balance or renin-angiotensin system activity. Once considered a rare, PA is now recognized as a spectrum that includes subclinical forms in normotensive individuals. Aldosterone synthesis, normally regulated by angiotensin II, extracellular potassium, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), undergoes dysregulated in PA, often due to somatic or germline mutations affecting ion channels or intracellular signaling pathways. This disruption promotes morphological alteration in the adrenal cortex, including aldosterone-producing cell clusters (APCCs), micronodules, and aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs). These lesions contribute to renin-independent aldosterone secretion and inappropriate ACTH sensitivity. Aldosterone acts through the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), triggering both genomic and non-genomic effects. MR activation in multiple tissues promotes cardiovascular and metabolic damage, often independent of blood pressure. These insights support early detection and a broader clinical approach to PA, incorporating its genetic, structural, and molecular basis.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"130 ","pages":"27-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146120935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0