葡萄糖转运蛋白及其在各器官中的能量稳态功能。

4区 医学 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-23 DOI:10.1016/bs.vh.2024.08.001
Nithya U, Theijeswini R C, Karthick Raja R, Gayathri Mahalingam
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引用次数: 0

摘要

葡萄糖转运蛋白(GLUTs)属于一个膜蛋白家族,主要参与减缓葡萄糖分子在细胞膜上的运输和吸收。从大脑到眼睛,每个部分都深入研究了葡萄糖摄取和利用的复杂机制,揭示了不同解剖结构中独特的适应和调节途径。从以高能量需求著称的大脑开始,本章阐述了对神经元功能和突触传递至关重要的特殊GLUT表达模式。转移到肝脏、肌肉和脂肪组织等代谢强国,它阐明了GLUT亚型在能量储存、动员和胰岛素反应中的动态相互作用。此外,本章还介绍了肾脏、肺、皮肤和生殖器官,揭示了GLUTs在肾脏葡萄糖重吸收、肺上皮运输、皮肤屏障相关功能和性腺发育中的不同作用。它还探讨了胎盘glut在致死性营养供应中的意义以及心肌glut在心肌能量代谢中的意义。此外,它还研究了GLUTs在血脑屏障和胎盘等关键屏障以及胰腺、肾上腺髓质和甲状腺等内分泌腺体中的复杂调节。此外,该研究还进一步阐明了GLUT在骨骼、胃肠道和视网膜等眼部组织中的表达,揭示了它们在免疫功能、骨代谢、肠道葡萄糖感知和视网膜生理学中的意义。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Glucose transporters and their energy homeostasis function in various organs.

Glucose transporters (GLUTs) belong to a membrane-protein family that essentially participates in easing the transportation and absorption of glucose molecules throughout the cellular membranes. From the brain to the eyes, each section delves into the intricate mechanisms of glucose uptake and utilization, shedding light on the unique adaptations and regulatory pathways in different anatomical structures. Beginning with the brain, known for its high energy demands, the chapter explicates the specialized GLUT expression patterns crucial for neuronal function and synaptic transmission. Moving to metabolic powerhouses like the liver, muscles, and adipose tissue, it elucidates the dynamic interplay of GLUT isoforms in energy storage, mobilization, and insulin responsiveness. Furthermore, the chapter navigates through the kidneys, lungs, skin, and reproductive organs, unveiling the diverse roles of GLUTs in renal glucose reabsorption, pulmonary-epithelial transportation, skin barrier associated functions, and gonadal development. It also explores the significance of placental GLUTs in fatal nutrient supply and the implications of cardiac GLUTs in myocardial energy metabolism. Additionally, it examines the intricate regulation of GLUTs at key barriers like the BBB (Blood-Brain Barrier) and placenta, as well as in endocrine glands such as the pancreas, adrenal medulla and thyroid. Moreover, it further elucidates the less-explored territories of GLUT expression in the bones, gastrointestinal tract, and ocular tissues like the retina, unraveling their implications in immune function, bone metabolism, intestinal glucose-sensing, and retinal physiology.

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来源期刊
Vitamins and Hormones
Vitamins and Hormones 医学-内分泌学与代谢
CiteScore
3.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
66
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: First published in 1943, Vitamins and Hormones is the longest-running serial published by Academic Press. In the early days of the serial, the subjects of vitamins and hormones were quite distinct. The Editorial Board now reflects expertise in the field of hormone action, vitamin action, X-ray crystal structure, physiology, and enzyme mechanisms. Vitamins and Hormones continues to publish cutting-edge reviews of interest to endocrinologists, biochemists, nutritionists, pharmacologists, cell biologists, and molecular biologists. Others interested in the structure and function of biologically active molecules like hormones and vitamins will, as always, turn to this series for comprehensive reviews by leading contributors to this and related disciplines.
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