Vitamins and Hormones最新文献_第2页

Small-molecule inhibitors of glucose transporters.

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-19 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.06.001

Makoto Kawatani, Hiroyuki Osada

{"title":"Small-molecule inhibitors of glucose transporters.","authors":"Makoto Kawatani, Hiroyuki Osada","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.06.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.vh.2024.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"Facilitative glucose transporters (GLUTs) encoded by the SLC2A genes mediate the initial steps of sugar utilization in cells. Fourteen existing GLUT family members are classified into three subclasses based on the characteristics of the gene structure. Several GLUT isoforms, especially GLUT1 and GLUT3, are overexpressed in many tumors, and their high expression correlates with poor clinical outcomes in patients. Altered energy metabolism, such as increased glycolysis, is a critical hallmark of most human cancers. Therefore, small-molecule GLUT inhibitors are promising bioprobes for understanding complex tumor metabolism and may serve as new candidate drugs for cancer therapy. Certain naturally occurring flavonoids have been shown to inhibit glucose uptake by GLUTs. Recently, a variety of potent and selective GLUT inhibitors of different chemotypes have been developed to target glycolysis-addicted tumors. Moreover, the elucidation of GLUT crystal structures has enabled high-throughput virtual screening to identify GLUT isoform-specific inhibitors. In this chapter, we provide an overview of small-molecule GLUT inhibitors, ranging from natural products to natural product-inspired and synthetic compounds.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"128 ","pages":"213-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Glut-1 inhibition in breast cancer cells.

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2025.01.003

Ajeesh Babu Littleflower, Sulfath Thottungal Parambil, Gisha Rose Antony, Anju M S, Lakshmi Subhadradevi

{"title":"Glut-1 inhibition in breast cancer cells.","authors":"Ajeesh Babu Littleflower, Sulfath Thottungal Parambil, Gisha Rose Antony, Anju M S, Lakshmi Subhadradevi","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.vh.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is a widely prevalent and devastating morbidity that affects millions of women around the world. Conventional treatment options for breast cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, these therapies can frequently have adverse side effects and may not be effective for all patients. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the development of targeted therapies for breast cancer. Glut-1, a key glucose transporter that is often overexpressed in breast cancer cells, is a potential candidate for targeted therapies. Glut-1 is crucial for basal glucose transport into cancer cells and is necessary for their rapid growth and survival. Several Glut-1 inhibitors - both natural and synthetic small molecules - have been identified and used as anticancer agents. In this chapter, we summarize the different approaches of Glut-1 inhibition in breast cancer and the mode of inhibition used by various Glut-1 inhibitors. Further understanding of the mechanisms underlying the efficacy of Glut-1 inhibitors in breast cancer treatment may provide crucial insights that can lead to the advancement of current treatment strategies. The functional inhibition of Glut-1 by specific Glut-1 inhibitors is being explored as a potential treatment modality for breast cancer. This approach holds great promise for improving the therapeutic efficacy of breast cancer treatment and minimizing the side effects associated with conventional therapies.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"128 ","pages":"181-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neuropeptides in the hypothalamus.

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-20 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.07.002

Pilar Marcos, Manuel Lisardo Sánchez, Rafael Coveñas

{"title":"Neuropeptides in the hypothalamus.","authors":"Pilar Marcos, Manuel Lisardo Sánchez, Rafael Coveñas","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.vh.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"The hypothalamus is one of the most complex region in the central nervous system regarding neuroanatomy, neurochemical content, neuropeptide/classical neurotransmitter interactions, physiological actions, and pathophysiology. Hypothalamic neuropeptides have been involved in a large plethora of mechanisms related with obesity, anxiety, feeding, energy metabolism, defensive behavior, mood, and reproduction. The therapeutic potential of these findings is enormous but the physiological complexity occurring in the hypothalamus is huge due in part to the interactions between numerous neuropeptides as well as between neuropeptides and other neuroactive substances. Here, we review the development and neuroanatomy of the hypothalamus as well as the involvement of 31 neuropeptides in hypothalamic functions and pathologies. Alterations in the secretion, release, and/or concentrations of neuropeptides and/or their hypothalamic receptors can trigger different pathologies. Several therapeutic strategies that could be carried out by adjusting neuropeptide levels in the hypothalamus are suggested. The combination of imaging techniques with a detailed neurochemical knowledge of the hypothalamus would be an excellent diagnostic tool, allowing personalized treatment. Several approaches for future research that may contribute to improve or resolve these pathologies are also mentioned.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"127 ","pages":"1-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modulation of respiration and hypothalamus.

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.06.006

Isato Fukushi, Shigefumi Yokota, Yohei Hasebe, Mieczyslaw Pokorski, Yasumasa Okada

{"title":"Modulation of respiration and hypothalamus.","authors":"Isato Fukushi, Shigefumi Yokota, Yohei Hasebe, Mieczyslaw Pokorski, Yasumasa Okada","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.06.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.vh.2024.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"The hypothalamus is the gray matter of the ventral portion of the diencephalon. The hypothalamus is the higher center of the autonomic nervous system and is involved in the regulation of various homeostatic mechanisms. It also modulates respiration by facilitating the respiratory network. Among subregions of the hypothalamus, the paraventricular nucleus, lateral hypothalamic area, perifornical area, dorsomedial and posterior hypothalamus play particularly important roles in respiratory control. Neurons in these regions have extensive and complex interconnectivity with the cerebral cortex, pons, medulla, spinal cord, and other brain areas. These hypothalamic regions are involved in the maintenance of basal ventilation, respiratory responses to hypoxic and hypercapnic conditions, respiratory augmentation during dynamic exercise, and respiratory modulation in awake and sleep states. Disorders affecting the hypothalamus such as narcolepsy, ROHHAD syndrome, and Prader-Willi syndrome could lead to respiratory abnormalities. However, the role of the hypothalamus in respiratory control, especially its interplay with other local respiratory networks has not yet been fully elucidated. Further clarification of these issues would contribute to a better understanding of the hypothalamus-mediated respiratory control and the pathophysiology of respiratory disorders underlain by hypothalamic dysfunction, as well as to the development of new targeted therapies.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"127 ","pages":"125-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of lipid-soluble vitamins on glucose transporter.

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.10.001

Nazim Uddin Afzal, Mir Ekbal Kabir, Hiranmoy Barman, Bhaben Sharmah, Monojit Kumar Roy, Jatin Kalita, Prasenjit Manna

{"title":"The role of lipid-soluble vitamins on glucose transporter.","authors":"Nazim Uddin Afzal, Mir Ekbal Kabir, Hiranmoy Barman, Bhaben Sharmah, Monojit Kumar Roy, Jatin Kalita, Prasenjit Manna","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.vh.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"Glucose is the primary source of energy for most of the cells and essential for basic functionalities of life's biochemical processes. Transportation of glucose via biological membranes is essential for life mediated by glucose transporters (GLUT) through facilitated diffusion. Glucose transporters perform a crucial role in maintaining normal health as they transfer the most essential molecules of life, glucose. There are 14 various types of glucose transporters that transport primarily glucose and fructose. GUTTs are trans-membrane proteins expressed in the plasma membrane that facilitate the entry of carbohydrate molecules inside the cells. These transporters provide the passage for the carbohydrate molecules, which undergo oxidation inside the cells and provide essential energy in the form of ATPs. Lipid-soluble vitamins, namely A, D, E, and K have been reported to play a key role in stimulating several glucose transporters. Supplementation of lipid-soluble vitamins stimulates the expression of glucose transporters, most importantly GLUT4, GLUT2, GLUT1, and GLUT3, which play a critical role in regulating glucose metabolism in muscle, liver, brain, and RBCs. For their ability to increase the expression of GLUTs, the lipid-soluble vitamins can be the potential micronutrient for combating various non-communicable diseases. The present article discusses the essential role of lipid-soluble vitamins in the regulation of glucose transporters.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"128 ","pages":"123-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding xylose transport in yeasts.

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.10.005

Atrayee Chattopadhyay, Mohor Mitra, Mrinal K Maiti

{"title":"Understanding xylose transport in yeasts.","authors":"Atrayee Chattopadhyay, Mohor Mitra, Mrinal K Maiti","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.10.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.vh.2024.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"Xylose constitutes the second major sugar fraction of the plant-derived lignocellulosic biomass, which is the most abundantly available and renewable feedstock for microbial fermentations. Hence, comprehensive utilization of xylose is crucial from the perspective of sustainable development of bio-based products, such as fuels, fine chemicals, and high-value compounds. Due to several inherent advantages, various species and strains of yeast are employed to produce these biomolecules. With the advancement of genetic engineering in yeast, lignocellulosic biomass has begun to be commercialized for producing various bioproducts required in the food, fuel, pharmaceutical, chemical, and cosmetics industries. The increasing demands of these bioproducts worldwide lead to a necessity of utilizing xylose efficiently for yeast fermentation strategies together with/replacing glucose for more economic sustainability. However, yeast fermentation processes mostly employ glucose; hence, our understanding of xylose utilization by yeast has not been as scrupulous as it should have been. There has been a remarkable increase in the number of studies conducted on xylose utilization and metabolism in yeasts in the past decade. Our objective in this chapter is to highlight the key advancements and novel approaches in this area and to integrate our understanding of xylose metabolism in yeasts, which can help culminate into commercializing strategies in the future for the development of important bioproducts.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"128 ","pages":"243-301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

About the Editor.

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0083-6729(25)00011-1

引用次数: 0

Self-assembly of the insulin-responsive vesicles creates a signaling platform for the insulin action on glucose uptake.

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.07.001

Konstantin V Kandror

引用次数: 0

The growing complexity of the control of the hypothalamic pituitary thyroid axis and brown adipose tissue by leptin.

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.07.005

Ricardo H Costa-E-Sousa, Virginia L Brooks

{"title":"The growing complexity of the control of the hypothalamic pituitary thyroid axis and brown adipose tissue by leptin.","authors":"Ricardo H Costa-E-Sousa, Virginia L Brooks","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.07.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.vh.2024.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"The balance between food intake and energy expenditure is precisely regulated to maintain adipose stores. Leptin, which is produced in and released from adipose in direct proportion to its size, is a major contributor to this control and initiates its homeostatic responses largely via binding to leptin receptors (LepR) in the hypothalamus. Decreases in hypothalamic LepR binding signals starvation, leading to hunger and reduced energy expenditure, whereas increases in hypothalamic LepR binding can suppress food intake and increase energy expenditure. However, large gaps persist in the specific hypothalamic sites and detailed mechanisms by which leptin increases energy expenditure, via the parallel activation of the hypothalamic pituitary thyroid (HPT) axis and brown adipose tissue (BAT). The purpose of this review is to develop a framework for the complex mechanisms and neurocircuitry. The core circuitry begins with leptin binding to receptors in the arcuate nucleus, which then sends projections to the paraventricular nucleus (to regulate the HPT axis) and the dorsomedial hypothalamus (to regulate BAT). We build on this core by layering complexities, including the intricate and unsettled regulation of arcuate proopiomelanocortin neurons by leptin and the changes that occur as the regulation of the HPT axis and BAT is engaged or modified by challenges such as starvation, hypothermia, obesity, and pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"127 ","pages":"305-362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vitamin B6 and diabetes and its role in counteracting advanced glycation end products. 维生素 B6 与糖尿病及其在抵消高级糖化终产物方面的作用。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.02.005

F Vernì

{"title":"Vitamin B6 and diabetes and its role in counteracting advanced glycation end products.","authors":"F Vernì","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.02.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.vh.2024.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"Naturally occurring forms of vitamin B6 include six interconvertible water-soluble compounds: pyridoxine (PN), pyridoxal (PL), pyridoxamine (PM), and their respective monophosphorylated derivatives (PNP, PLP, and PMP). PLP is the catalytically active form which works as a cofactor in approximately 200 reactions that regulate the metabolism of glucose, lipids, amino acids, DNA, and neurotransmitters. Most of vitamers can counteract the formation of reactive oxygen species and the advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) which are toxic compounds that accumulate in diabetic patients due to prolonged hyperglycemia. Vitamin B6 levels have been inversely associate with diabetes, while vitamin B6 supplementation reduces diabetes onset and its vascular complications. The mechanisms at the basis of the relation between vitamin B6 and diabetes onset are still not completely clarified. In contrast more evidence indicates that vitamin B6 can protect from diabetes complications through its role as scavenger of AGEs. It has been demonstrated that in diabetes AGEs can destroy the functionality of macromolecules such as protein, lipids, and DNA, thus producing tissue damage that result in vascular diseases. AGEs can be in part also responsible for the increased cancer risk associated with diabetes. In this chapter the relationship between vitamin B6, diabetes and AGEs will be discussed by showing the acquired knowledge and questions that are still open.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"125 ","pages":"401-438"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141602091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0