Vitamins and Hormones最新文献_第5页

About the editor. 关于编辑。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0083-6729(25)00025-1

引用次数: 0

Small-molecule inhibitors of glucose transporters. 葡萄糖转运蛋白的小分子抑制剂。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-19 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.06.001

Makoto Kawatani, Hiroyuki Osada

{"title":"Small-molecule inhibitors of glucose transporters.","authors":"Makoto Kawatani, Hiroyuki Osada","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"Facilitative glucose transporters (GLUTs) encoded by the SLC2A genes mediate the initial steps of sugar utilization in cells. Fourteen existing GLUT family members are classified into three subclasses based on the characteristics of the gene structure. Several GLUT isoforms, especially GLUT1 and GLUT3, are overexpressed in many tumors, and their high expression correlates with poor clinical outcomes in patients. Altered energy metabolism, such as increased glycolysis, is a critical hallmark of most human cancers. Therefore, small-molecule GLUT inhibitors are promising bioprobes for understanding complex tumor metabolism and may serve as new candidate drugs for cancer therapy. Certain naturally occurring flavonoids have been shown to inhibit glucose uptake by GLUTs. Recently, a variety of potent and selective GLUT inhibitors of different chemotypes have been developed to target glycolysis-addicted tumors. Moreover, the elucidation of GLUT crystal structures has enabled high-throughput virtual screening to identify GLUT isoform-specific inhibitors. In this chapter, we provide an overview of small-molecule GLUT inhibitors, ranging from natural products to natural product-inspired and synthetic compounds.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"128 ","pages":"213-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Distribution of the kisspeptin system and its relation with gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the hypothalamus. 下丘脑kisspeptin系统的分布及其与促性腺激素释放激素的关系。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.06.004

Verónica Berta Dorfman

{"title":"Distribution of the kisspeptin system and its relation with gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the hypothalamus.","authors":"Verónica Berta Dorfman","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"Kisspeptin (KISS1), originally catalogued as metastin because of its capacity as a metastasis suppressor in human melanoma and breast cancer, is now recognized as the major puberty gatekeeper and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuroendocrine system modulator. It is a member of the family of RFamide-related peptides that also includes the neuropeptide FF group, the gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone, the prolactin-releasing peptide, and the 26RFa peptides. The KISS1 precursor peptide is processed into a family of peptides known as kisspeptins. Its expression has been described in the hypothalamus as well as in the whole reproductive axis and several extra reproductive tissues of mammals as well as fish and amphibians, but not in birds. KISS1 plays an essential role as a regulator of the reproductive axis by inducing the synthesis and release of GnRH, acting through specific receptors. The study of the kisspeptin system and its relation with reproduction in wild and non-classical laboratory species is extremely useful to understand and become aware of the role of KISS1 in the wide variety of possible different reproductive strategies. In this chapter, KISS1 involvement in non-classical laboratory rodents, fishes, and birds is discussed.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"127 ","pages":"51-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Functional properties of aged hypothalamic cells. 衰老下丘脑细胞的功能特性。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.07.003

Petr M Masliukov

引用次数: 0

Hypothalamic neural circuits regulating energy expenditure. 调节能量消耗的下丘脑神经回路。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-20 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.07.004

Rashmita Basu, Jonathan N Flak

{"title":"Hypothalamic neural circuits regulating energy expenditure.","authors":"Rashmita Basu, Jonathan N Flak","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"The hypothalamus plays a central role in regulating energy expenditure and maintaining energy homeostasis, crucial for an organism's survival. Located in the ventral diencephalon, it is a dynamic and adaptable brain region capable of rapid responses to environmental changes, exhibiting high anatomical and cellular plasticity and integrates a myriad of sensory information, internal physiological cues, and humoral factors to accurately interpret the nutritional state and adjust food intake, thermogenesis, and energy homeostasis. Key hypothalamic nuclei contain distinct neuron populations that respond to hormonal, nutrient, and neural inputs and communicate extensively with peripheral organs like the gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas, and adipose tissues to regulate energy production, storage, mobilization, and utilization. The hypothalamus has evolved to enhance energy storage for survival in famine and scarce environments but contribute to obesity in modern contexts of caloric abundance. It acts as a master regulator of whole-body energy homeostasis, rapidly adapting to ensure energy supplies for cellular functions. Understanding hypothalamic function, pertaining to energy expenditure, is crucial for developing targeted interventions to address metabolic disorders, offering new insights into the neural control of metabolic states and potential therapeutic strategies.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"127 ","pages":"79-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12007011/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Kisspeptin control of hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian functions. Kisspeptin对下丘脑-垂体-卵巢功能的控制。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.06.005

K P Joy, R Chaube

{"title":"Kisspeptin control of hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian functions.","authors":"K P Joy, R Chaube","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"The discovery of Kisspeptin (Kiss) has opened a new direction in research on neuroendocrine control of reproduction in vertebrates. Belonging to the RF amide family of peptides, Kiss and its cognate receptor Gpr54 (Kissr) have a long and complex evolutionary history. Multiple forms of Kiss and Kissr are identified in non-mammalian vertebrates, with the exception of birds, and monotreme mammals. However, only a single form of the ligand (KISS1/Kiss1) and receptor (KISS1R/Kiss1r) is retained in higher mammals. Kiss1 is distributed in the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and its primary function is to stimulate gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. Kiss1 neurons are distributed in the rostral periventricular area of the third ventricle (RP3V) and arcuate/infundibular nucleus (ARN/IFN). The ARN/IFN is considered the GnRH pulse generator controlled by steroid negative feedback, and the RP3V neurons is concerned with GnRH surge induced by steroid positive feedback in females. The Kiss1-Kiss1r signaling is important in all aspects of reproduction: puberty onset, maintenance of adult gonadal functions and reproductive aging, and hence assumes therapeutic potentials in the treatment of reproductive dysfunctions and induction of artificial reproduction. This chapter reviews involvement of Kiss1 in the control of the HPG axis functions in female mammals.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"127 ","pages":"153-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Opioid reward and deep brain stimulation of the lateral hypothalamic area. 阿片奖赏与下丘脑外侧区深部脑刺激。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.10.004

Mojdeh Fattahi, Milad Rahimpour, Esmail Riahi

{"title":"Opioid reward and deep brain stimulation of the lateral hypothalamic area.","authors":"Mojdeh Fattahi, Milad Rahimpour, Esmail Riahi","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"Opioid use disorder (OUD) is considered a global health issue that affects various aspects of patients' lives and poses a considerable burden on society. Due to the high prevalence of remissions and relapses, novel therapeutic approaches are required to manage OUD. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is one of the most promising clinical breakthroughs in translational neuroscience. It involves stereotactically implanting electrodes inside the brain and transmitting electrical pulses to targeted areas. To date, the nucleus accumbens has been recognized as the most successful DBS target for treating different types of drug addiction. Nevertheless, further preclinical research is required to determine the optimal brain target and stimulation parameters. On the other hand, the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) plays a crucial role in many motivated behaviors including food intake and drug-seeking. Additionally, it projects widely throughout the brain to reward-related areas like the ventral tegmental area. Therefore, this chapter reviews studies investigating the potential positive effects of DBS administration in the LHA in animal models of opioid dependence and other pathological conditions. Findings reveal that LHA has the potential to be targeted for DBS application to treat a wide variety of disorders such as opioid dependence, obesity, and sleep disorders without significant adverse events. However, in the context of opioid dependence, more studies are needed, based on more valid animal models of addiction, including self-administration paradigms and varying stimulation patterns, to indicate that LHA is a safe and effective target for DBS in subjects with refractory opioid dependence.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"127 ","pages":"245-281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Targeting epigenetic effects of androgen-androgen receptor signaling in prostate cancer. 雄激素-雄激素受体信号在前列腺癌中的靶向表观遗传效应。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2025.04.001

Anjali Pal, Kainat, Nuzhat Bano, Pradeep Kumar Sharma

{"title":"Targeting epigenetic effects of androgen-androgen receptor signaling in prostate cancer.","authors":"Anjali Pal, Kainat, Nuzhat Bano, Pradeep Kumar Sharma","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.vh.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"Prostate cancer (PCa) is a multifaceted and heterogeneous disease that affects men globally. PCa incidences and related deaths in men are a major clinical challenge that needs immediate attention to prevent, manage, or treat the disease to improve overall health in patients. Activation of androgen receptor (AR) signaling and subsequent transactivation of downstream genes play a predominant role in PCa development, progression, and metastasis. Over the last few decades, the role of epigenetics has been much appreciated in the pathogenesis of PCa. There is widespread involvement of several epigenetic changes (such as DNA modifications by methylation, histone modifications by acetylation, chromatin remodellers, and non-coding RNAs, etc.) in the regulation of PCa initiation, progression, as well as the emergence of androgen-insensitive castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) phenotype, which has improved our understanding of disease etiology. Moreover, targeting selective epigenetic marks has raised immense opportunities to target PCa, owing to the possibilities of reversal of epigenetic changes involved in the disease progression. Several epigenetic inhibitors (e.g., DNMT inhibitors, HDAC inhibitors) have been investigated in preclinical studies as well as in clinical trials to establish effective epigenetic-based therapies against PCa, and indeed, few of them have already made their way to the clinic. Epigenetics also plays a role in the reactivation of AR signaling in CRPC; though hormonal therapies are ineffective in these tumors, epigenetic inhibitors combined with other therapies are considered important in targeting CRPC. Here, we have summarized epigenetics in the regulation of AR signaling, progress in understanding epigenetics' role in etiology, and the importance of designing effective therapies for PCa, including CRPC. We have also discussed the limitations and challenges in epigenetics therapies and strategies to overcome obstacles in improving existing therapies to better manage PCa disease in clinics.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"129 ","pages":"143-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144857006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Higher thyroid hormone levels and cancer. 甲状腺激素水平升高和癌症。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.08.002

Petra Petranović Ovčariček, Alfredo Campennì, Rosaria Maddalena Ruggeri, Michael C Kreissl, Frederik A Verburg, Alexis Vrachimis, Murat Tuncel, Luca Giovanella

{"title":"Higher thyroid hormone levels and cancer.","authors":"Petra Petranović Ovčariček, Alfredo Campennì, Rosaria Maddalena Ruggeri, Michael C Kreissl, Frederik A Verburg, Alexis Vrachimis, Murat Tuncel, Luca Giovanella","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"Many studies, from in-vitro and in-vivo to population-based studies, demonstrate undesirable effects of higher thyroid hormone levels on the development of cancer, as well as its prognosis and consequently an outcome of cancer patients. Thyroid hormones mediate cancer cells' growth, proliferation, and metastatic diffusion. Current data demonstrate an increased risk of solid as well as hematologic malignancies in patients with higher serum thyroid hormone levels and/or lower thyrotropin levels (TSH). However, the results are sparse. The present chapter will summarize studies investigating the correlation between hyperthyroidism, higher upper reference range triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels, and normal-low TSH with cancer risk and prognosis, respectively. The diagnostics, clinical management, and treatment of hyperthyroidism in cancer patients will also be illustrated. Finally, the importance of a prompt restoration of euthyroidism in cancer patients and the priority role of radioiodine (RAI) therapy to permanently eliminate hyperthyroidism in most cancer patients will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"129 ","pages":"99-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144857002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hypogonadism in men with prolactinoma: Diagnosis, treatment, and management of persistent hypogonadism. 男性催乳素瘤性腺功能减退：诊断、治疗和持续性腺功能减退的管理。

4区医学

Vitamins and Hormones Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.11.001

Yaron Rudman, Ilan Shimon

{"title":"Hypogonadism in men with prolactinoma: Diagnosis, treatment, and management of persistent hypogonadism.","authors":"Yaron Rudman, Ilan Shimon","doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"Prolactin-secreting adenomas comprise approximately 50 % of all clinically relevant pituitary adenomas. Most men with prolactinomas present with large and invasive tumors. Despite effective medical therapy with dopamine agonists and prolactin normalization, over 20 % of men with prolactinomas will remain with hypogonadism. There are two suggested mechanisms for hypogonadism: central suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis caused by elevated prolactin levels leading to inhibition of the kisspeptin neurons in the hypothalamus and loss of pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion, and tumor mass effect with compression of the normal pituitary tissue and destruction of gonadotroph cells. Hypogonadism in men results in sexual dysfunction, low libido, anemia, fatigue, and infertility. Identification of patients who are likely to recover the damaged gonadal axis upon prolactin suppression is important. These are men that harbor smaller tumors, with higher testosterone levels at diagnosis, no visual field defects, and without impairment in the secretion of other pituitary hormones. Testosterone replacement should be offered to patients with lower chance of restoring normal function of the gonadal axis. However, most men will achieve spontaneous recovery of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis within 12 months after prolactin normalization. For men with prolactinoma and hypogonadism persistence who wish to restore fertility, treatment with gonadotropins or with clomiphene citrate has been found to be safe and effective. In the present review, we propose an algorithm for the management of hypogonadism persistence in men with macroprolactinomas.","PeriodicalId":51209,"journal":{"name":"Vitamins and Hormones","volume":"129 ","pages":"185-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144857004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0