Veterinary Quarterly最新文献

{"title":"Growth performance, nutrients digestibility, intestinal microbiota and histology altered in broilers fed maize- or sorghum-based diets.","authors":"Aaqil Ahmad, Asad Sultan, Shabana Naz, Naila Chand, Ziaul Islam, Ibrahim A Alhidary, Rifat Ullah Khan, Samia H Abdelrahman, Sifa Dai","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2373295","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2373295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of varying levels of sorghum-based diets as an alternative to maize in broiler nutrition. A total of 320 one-day-old male Ross 708 broiler chickens were randomly allocated to four treatment groups (5 pens per treatment and 16 birds per pen), comprising a control group with a basal diet and groups receiving sorghum-based diets with 20%, 40%, and 100% maize replacement. The overall weight gain was significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) higher in the control group, followed by 20%, 40%, and 100% sorghum replacement. Additionally, overall feed intake was significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.01) higher in the 20% sorghum replacement group compared to the control and other groups. Broilers fed sorghum-based diets exhibited a significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.01) increased feed conversion ratio. Carcass characteristics showed no significant differences between broilers fed corn and sorghum; however, the digestibility of crude protein and apparent metabolizable energy significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.01) increased in the 20% sorghum-corn replacement compared to the 40% and 100% replacement levels. Ileal villus height and width did not differ among the corn-sorghum-based diets, regardless of the replacement percentage. Furthermore, among the cecal microbiota, <i>Lactobacillus</i> count was significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.041) higher in the 20% corn-sorghum diet compared to the 40% and 100% replacement levels. These findings suggest that replacing corn up to 20% of corn with sorghum in broiler diet positively impact growth performance, gut health, nutrient digestibility, and cecal microbiota in broilers. However, larger replacements (40% and 100%) may have negative implications for broiler production and health.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11218579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141472392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in dogs with chronic kidney disease in uremic syndrome undergoing intermittent hemodialysis with and without bypass.","authors":"Suellen Rodrigues Maia, Maria Gabriela Picelli de Azevedo, Silvano Salgueiro Geraldes, Reiner Silveira de Moraes, Adriano Sakai Okamoto, Alessandra Melchert, Regina Kiomi Takahira, João Carlos Pinheiro Ferreira, Henry David Mogollón García, Priscylla Tatiana Chalfun Guimarães Okamoto","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2407168","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2407168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intermittent hemodialysis (IH) is an important therapy in the context of kidney dysfunction in dogs. However, its impact on pro-inflammatory cytokines is unclear. This study assessed IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α serum concentrations in dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing one session of IH without bypass (IH group, <i>n</i> = 4) and with bypass (IH + bypass group, <i>n</i> = 4). The control group (CG) included four healthy dogs. Cytokine levels were measured before, during, and after the first IH session. Comparative analyses of each cytokine within each group and time point were performed, along with a global comparison between groups. No significant changes were observed in cytokines across evaluation times in the IH groups. IL-1β was significantly higher post-session in the IH and IH + bypass groups compared to CG. Globally, IL-1β and TNF-α concentrations were significantly higher in the IH (11.41 pg/mL (10-16.17) and 2 pg/mL (2-88.54), respectively) and IH + bypass groups (10 pg/mL (10-10) and 2 pg/mL (2-215.5), respectively) compared to CG (0.96 pg/mL (0-3.56) and 0 pg/mL (0-0.003), respectively). The IH group also showed elevated IL-6 concentration (0.1 ng/mL (0.1-0.5)) compared to CG (0 ng/mL (0-0.1)). Higher IL-1β and IL-6 concentrations were observed in the IH group (11.41 pg/mL (10-16.17) and 0.1 ng/mL (0.1-0.1), respectively) compared to the IH + bypass group (10 pg/mL (10-10) and 0.1 ng/mL (0.1-0.5), respectively). In conclusion, a single IH session, with or without bypass, did not increase pro-inflammatory cytokines in CKD dogs with uremic syndrome but maintained the inflammatory state. Dogs undergoing IH without bypass may receive a stronger stimulus for cytokine release.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11459725/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Holstein × Montbéliarde-sired F1 generation crossbred female calves have an increased cellular immune response potential compared with purebred Holsteins.","authors":"Zhipeng Zhang, Chen Yu, Zhi Chen, Ping Hou, Jie Sun, Chunhua Yang, Yu Tian, Zhangping Yang, Yi Yang, Shaobin Shang","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2435982","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2435982","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is well known that crossbreds show many advantages over purebreds in improving calf health traits, but the immunological factors responsible for this heterosis remain largely unclear. The objective of this study was to compare the cellular immune responses and antibodies of Holstein (HO) and Montbéliarde-sired × Holstein (MH) F1 generation female calves, and investigate the effects of crossbreeding on the immunity. Fifty three-month-old healthy female calves (25 HO, 25 MH) were selected meticulously in a farm with the same criteria. Subsequently, complete blood count, flow cytometric analysis of T cell subsets and intracellular IFN-γ production, as well as indirect ELISA analysis of antibodies were performed in order to determine the immune profiles of the two groups of calves. We found that MH calves had higher percentage and number of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells than HO calves in the peripheral blood (<i>p</i> < 0.05), with higher MFI of CD44 on CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells (<i>p</i> < 0.05). When stimulated by PMA and Ionomycin, the CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells from MH calves secreted more IFN-γ than that of HO calves (<i>p</i> < 0.01). These results suggested that some immunological traits have been improved in MH calves, which may be an important cause of heterosis in crossbred animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11616738/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between change in serum creatinine concentration and renal cortical anisotropic backscattering artifact in azotemic cats during hospitalization.","authors":"Ming-Jen Kang, Pin-Chen Liu, Hock Gan Heng, Kuan-Sheng Chen","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2384910","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2384910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Information on the clinical outcomes of feline azotemia using ultrasound examinations is limited. This study aimed to understand the correlation between cortical anisotropy backscattering artifact (CABA) and serum creatinine (sCr) changes in feline azotemia after hospitalization and to investigate whether CABA is useful for predicting the clinical outcome of feline azotemia. Sixty-five hospitalized cats with azotemia, including 49 cats with moderate or severe azotemia (severe group) and 16 cats with mild azotemia (mild group). This retrospective study reviewed the CABA using ultrasound images of cats hospitalized with azotemia between 2016 and 2021. The correlation between CABA and the clinical outcomes of cats with azotemia was investigated using the chi-squared or Fisher's exact test, and the intra- and inter-observer agreements in CABA were assessed using McNemar's and Cohen's kappa tests. The presence of CABA was significantly positively correlated with the clinical outcomes of cats with azotemia only in the severe group (<i>p</i> = 0.0034, odds ratio = 8.57). There was no association between CABA and clinical outcomes in cats with mild azotemia (<i>p</i> = 0.75). CABA can be used for clinical outcome prediction in moderate and severe feline azotemia, with a sensitivity of 80.8% and a specificity of 73.9%. Also, satisfactory intra- and inter-observer agreements were revealed in the detection of CABA during ultrasound image review. Our study demonstrated that cats with moderate and severe azotemia with CABA observed during ultrasonography might have better clinical outcomes. These findings provide additional information on the prognosis and treatment of feline azotemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11293257/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141857086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The global seroprevalence of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> infection in workers occupationally exposed to animals (1972-2023): a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Abdullah Mohammed, Musa Ahmed, Nasir Ibrahim","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2396577","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2396577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>, a ubiquitous zoonotic parasite infecting warm-blooded animals, poses a significant health threat to workers with occupational animal exposure (WOEA) due to their frequent contact with potential reservoirs. Existing data on <i>T. gondii</i> seroprevalence in the WOEA exhibits substantial global variation. This systematic review and meta-analysis, adhering to PRISMA guidelines, aimed to quantify the global seroprevalence of <i>T. gondii</i> infection among WOEA over the past five decades (1972-2023). We identified 66 eligible studies through a comprehensive search strategy encompassing English publications, with a total sample size of 15,279. A random-effects model with the Freeman-Tukey transformation in STATA v16.0 accounted for the high heterogeneity observed. We estimated the pooled global seroprevalence of <i>T. gondii</i> infection in WOEA at 41% (95% CI: 36-47%). Subgroup analyses revealed significant variations by gender: males (63%) vs. females (37%) (<i>p</i> < 0.05), occupation: non-livestock workers (54%), livestock workers (47%), slaughterhouse workers (44%), and veterinary personnel (27%) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Geographic trends showed the highest prevalence in Africa (51%), followed by South America (49%), Europe (47%), Australia (43%), Asia (36%), and North America (23%; <i>p</i> < 0.05). Lower prevalence was observed in high-income (39%) and upper-middle-income (38%) countries compared to lower-middle-income (44%) and low-income (48%) countries (<i>p</i> < 0.05). This analysis underscores the high global seroprevalence of <i>T. gondii</i> in the WOEA, highlighting the need for targeted interventions in this high-risk population.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11363739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beclin-1 and LC3B expression in canine mast cell tumours: an immuno-ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study of autophagy.","authors":"Giovanna P Vicente, Leonardo Della Salda, Ricardo F Strefezzi","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2419585","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2419585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mast cell tumours (MCTs) are common malignant neoplasms in dogs, for which prognosis and therapeutic decisions are based on histological features and proliferation markers. Autophagy is a cellular catabolic process responsible for degrading cytoplasmic components to maintain homeostasis, alterations in which are frequently linked to tumour growth and progression. This study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of autophagy in canine MCTs and to verify its value as a prognostic indicator for dogs with the disease. Beclin-1 and LC3B expressions were investigated using immunohistochemistry, and autophagy was ultrastructurally characterised. The autophagic phenomenon was successfully visualised in neoplastic mast cells under transmission electron and immunoelectron microscopy. MCTs from dogs that died due to the disease showed higher positivity for Beclin-1 and dogs with MCTs presenting a LC3B granular immunohistochemical pattern had a significantly shorter post-surgical survival. The occurrence of autophagy is an indicator of poor prognosis. Future studies are needed to elucidate the specific mechanisms and open new opportunities to treatments targeting this cancer cell advantage.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11536674/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142559378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization of the <i>meq</i> oncogene of Marek's disease virus in vaccinated Brazilian poultry farms reveals selective pressure on prevalent strains.","authors":"Ruy D Chacón, Christian J Sánchez-Llatas, Sarah L Pajuelo, Andrea J Diaz Forero, Victor Jimenez-Vasquez, Jack A Médico, Luis F Soto-Ugaldi, Claudete S Astolfi-Ferreira, Antonio J Piantino Ferreira","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2318198","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2318198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Marek's disease virus (MDV) has become an increasingly virulent pathogen in the poultry industry despite vaccination efforts to control it. Brazil has experienced a significant rise of Marek's disease (MD) outbreaks in recent years. Our study aimed to analyze the complete <i>meq</i> gene sequences to understand the molecular epidemiological basis of MD outbreaks in Brazilian vaccinated layer farms. We detected a high incidence rate of visceral MD (67.74%) and multiple circulating MDV strains. The most prevalent and geographically widespread genotype presented several clinical and molecular characteristics of a highly virulent strain and evolving under positive selective pressure. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analysis revealed a closer relationship with strains from the USA and Japan. This study sheds light on the circulation of MDV strains capable of infecting vaccinated birds. We emphasize the urgency of adopting preventive measures to manage MDV outbreaks threatening the poultry farming industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10930104/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140095006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of different dietary levels of iron and zinc for the enrichment of eggs in laying hens.","authors":"Zooheb Ullah, Sarzamin Khan, Muhammad Shuaib, Obaid Ullah, Shahrood Ahmed Siddiqui, Anthony Pokoo-Aikins, Majid S Jabir, Ayman A Swelum","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2431035","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2431035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) are necessary for structural and metabolic functions of the body like, immune competence, physical growth, reproductive function, and neurobehavioral development. The deficiency of micronutrients is a severe public health distress in nearly all developing countries which leads to the syndrome of malnutrition mostly in children and women. The present study was conducted to compare the effect of different levels of Fe and Zn on feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), daily egg production, and Fe and Zn depositions in the egg yolk of laying hens. For this purpose, 80 commercial laying birds were allocated into four groups consisting of four replicates each (<i>n</i> = 5). The basal ration was provided to the control group (C) while three different levels (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg diet/element) of Fe and Zn (1:1) were provided to the FZ100, FZ200, and FZ300 groups, respectively. Overall FI, hen day egg production, and FCR were not affected (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The Fe and Zn content in egg yolk were significantly increased in the FZ300 group after 4 weeks of supplementation. The cost per egg produced in response to different levels of Fe and Zn supplementation was not affected however a numerical increase in cost/egg was found in the FZ300 group. In conclusion, Fe and Zn supplementation (300 mg/kg diet/element) significantly enhanced the egg Fe and Zn contents without adversely affecting production parameters including FI, egg production, and FCR of laying hens.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11583324/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of hempseed (<i>Cannabis sativa L.</i>) in diet on growth, gut health, and immunity in broilers.","authors":"Bushra Sana, Naila Chand, Shabana Naz, Ibrahim A Alhidary, Rifat Ullah Khan, Shamsuddin Shamsi, Caterina Losacco, Vincenzo Tufarelli","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2367214","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2367214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of different levels of hempseed (HS) on growth performance, immunity and gut health in broiler chickens. A total of 192 Hubbard broiler chicks were divided into four groups and fed HS as follow: control (HS0), HS 10% (HS-10), HS 15% (HS-15) and HS 20% (HS-20). The study on HS supplementation in broilers revealed no significant impacts on feed intake during the starter (<i>p</i> = .2294) and finisher phases (<i>p</i> = .2294), or overall (<i>p</i> = .0944), though numerical increases were noted with higher HS levels. Body weight gain showed no significant influence in the starter and finisher phases, with overall weight gain also not significantly different (<i>p</i> = .0944), but numerically higher with increased HS. Feed conversion ratio was unaffected in the starter (<i>p</i> = .6986) and finisher phases (<i>p</i> = .6425), and overall (<i>p</i> = .2218). Dressing percentage (<i>p</i> = .1062) and mortality (<i>p</i> = .1631) were not significantly altered, but HS-20 had the highest dressing percentage and lowest mortality numerically. White blood cell counts increased significantly (<i>p</i> = .0377), especially in HS-15 and HS-20 groups. IgM and IgG production was higher in HS-20 on day 28 (<i>p</i> = .021). Gut pH (<i>p</i> > .05) and intestinal histomorphology (<i>p</i> > .05) were not significantly affected, although villus height increased numerically with higher HS levels. These results suggest potential benefits of HS, especially at higher inclusion levels. In conclusion, the obtained results indicated that HS incorporation into the diet of broilers did not affect the growth performance and gut health; however, the immune responses were significantly higher at 15 and 20% levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11188954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141421779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathological, immunological and molecular epidemiological analysis of lumpy skin disease virus in Indian cattle during a high-mortality epidemic.","authors":"Gundallhalli Bayyappa Manjunathareddy, Mani Saminathan, Lalasangi Sanjeevakumar, Sugana Rao, Murali Dinesh, Kuldeep Dhama, Karam Pal Singh, Bhupendra Nath Tripathi","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2398211","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2398211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an economically significant, emerging viral disease of Cattle and Buffaloes. This study aimed to investigate the causes of high mortality in a recent LSD epidemic in India. We examined 1618 animals across seventy outbreaks and conducted post-mortem on 48 cattle out of 513 clinically suspected LSD cases. The morbidity, mortality and case fatality rates recorded were 31.70%, 2.97 and 9.37% respectively. Disease stages were categorized as early (20.81%), mid (42.02%), and late (37.17%) and the distribution of skin lesions was classified as mild (34.14%), moderate (39.39%), and severe (26.47%). Post-mortem findings revealed systemic infection with necrotic and ulcerative nodules on multiple internal organs. Histologically, necrotizing vasculitis and mononuclear cell infiltration with intracytoplasmic inclusions were observed in various organs. The highest viral load was found in skin nodules/scabs, trachea, tongue, and lymph nodes. The viral load was significantly higher in mid- and late-stages of skin nodules and internal organs; whereas, blood from early-stage showed high viral load. The expression of Th1-type and Th2-type cytokines varied significantly across different stages of the disease. The downregulation of the apoptotic intrinsic and upregulation of the extrinsic pathway genes, suggesting that the latter plays a role in LSDV infection. Genetic analysis revealed that the LSD virus (LSDV) isolates were derived from a Kenyan ancestral strain with unique nucleotide changes in RPO30 and P32 gene. In conclusion, the high mortality in the recent Indian LSD epidemic can be attributed to a newly identified, highly virulent strain of LSDV causing systemic infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11378666/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}