{"title":"Some variations of topological transitivity for CR-dynamical systems","authors":"Nayan Adhikary, Anima Nagar","doi":"10.1016/j.topol.2025.109482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.topol.2025.109482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We consider the topological dynamics of closed relations (CR) by studying one of the oldest dynamical property - ‘transitivity’. We investigate the two kinds of (closed relation) CR-dynamical systems - <span><math><mo>(</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> where the relation <span><math><mi>G</mi><mo>⊆</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>×</mo><mi>X</mi></math></span> is closed and <span><math><mo>(</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>,</mo><mo>•</mo><mo>)</mo></math></span> giving the ‘suitable dynamics’ for a suitable closed relation <em>G</em>, where <em>X</em> is assumed to be a compact metric space without isolated points.</div><div><span><math><mo>(</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> gives a general approach to study initial value problems for a set of initial conditions, whereas <span><math><mo>(</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>,</mo><mo>•</mo><mo>)</mo></math></span> gives a general approach to study the dynamics of both continuous and quasi-continuous maps.</div><div>We observe that the dynamics of closed relations is richer than the dynamics of maps and find that we have much more versions of transitivity for these closed relations than what is known for maps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51201,"journal":{"name":"Topology and its Applications","volume":"373 ","pages":"Article 109482"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Groups from walks on countable ordinals","authors":"Stepan Milošević , Stevo Todorčević","doi":"10.1016/j.topol.2025.109480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.topol.2025.109480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper deals with topological groups constructed from characteristics of walks on countable ordinals. We introduce two groups, constructed from <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ρ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ρ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>, and show they are both Fréchet, non-metrizable and that the topological group constructed from <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ρ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> has the maximal Tukey type among topological groups of character <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ω</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>. We also consider the group associated with <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ρ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> introduced in [12] and show that under some set-theoretic assumptions the group does not have the maximal Tukey type.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51201,"journal":{"name":"Topology and its Applications","volume":"373 ","pages":"Article 109480"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Definable quotients in locally o-minimal structures","authors":"Masato Fujita , Tomohiro Kawakami","doi":"10.1016/j.topol.2025.109479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.topol.2025.109479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Let <span><math><mi>F</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>(</mo><mi>F</mi><mo>,</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>.</mo><mo>⋅</mo><mo>,</mo><mo><</mo><mo>,</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mo>…</mo><mo>)</mo></math></span> be a definably complete locally o-minimal expansion of an ordered field. We demonstrate the existence of definable quotients of definable sets by definable equivalence relations when several technical conditions are satisfied. These conditions are satisfied when <em>X</em> is a locally closed definable subset of <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msup></math></span> and there is a definable proper action of a definable topological group <em>G</em> on <em>X</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51201,"journal":{"name":"Topology and its Applications","volume":"373 ","pages":"Article 109479"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Products of ordinal-like spaces","authors":"Jocelyn R. Bell","doi":"10.1016/j.topol.2025.109478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.topol.2025.109478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We consider spaces that resemble ordinal spaces and products of these spaces, in particular Σ-products and uniform products: the topology generated by the uniformity of uniform convergence on the set of all functions from <span><math><mi>N</mi></math></span> to the space. We play a weak variation of the proximal infinite game on these spaces to conclude that they are countably proximal and so both pseudonormal and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> (in the sense of Arhangel'skii). In particular, it follows from our results that a Σ-product of ordinal spaces is pseudonormal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51201,"journal":{"name":"Topology and its Applications","volume":"373 ","pages":"Article 109478"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cauchy sequences in b-metric spaces","authors":"Lech Pasicki","doi":"10.1016/j.topol.2025.109477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.topol.2025.109477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present paper a criterion for Cauchy sequences in b-metric spaces is given. To show how it works, an analogon of the Meir-Keeler fixed point theorem is proved. Consequently, an extension of the well-known theorems of Czerwik and of Matkowski is presented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51201,"journal":{"name":"Topology and its Applications","volume":"373 ","pages":"Article 109477"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Asymptotic Betti numbers of random subcomplexes","authors":"Nermin Salepci, Jean-Yves Welschinger","doi":"10.1016/j.topol.2025.109476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.topol.2025.109476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We prove that the normalized expected Betti numbers of a random subcomplex in the <em>d</em>-th barycentric subdivision of a finite simplicial complex converge to universal limits as <em>d</em> grows to +∞.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51201,"journal":{"name":"Topology and its Applications","volume":"373 ","pages":"Article 109476"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144255193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Weight, net weight, and elementary submodels","authors":"Alan Dow , István Juhász","doi":"10.1016/j.topol.2025.109469","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.topol.2025.109469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this note we prove several theorems that are related to some results and problems from <span><span>[6]</span></span>.</div><div>We answer two of the main questions that were raised in <span><span>[6]</span></span>. First we give a ZFC example of a <em>Hausdorff</em> space in <span><math><mi>C</mi><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>ω</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></math></span> that has uncountable net weight. Then we prove that after adding any number of Cohen reals to a model of CH, in the extension every <em>regular</em> space in <span><math><mi>C</mi><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>ω</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></math></span> has countable net weight.</div><div>In the last section we prove in ZFC the following two statements:</div><div>(i) If <span><math><mi>S</mi><mo>⊂</mo><msub><mrow><mi>ω</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> is stationary then for any <em>regular</em> topology on <em>S</em> of uncountable weight <em>S</em> has a non-stationary subset that has uncountable weight as well.</div><div>(ii) For any topology on <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ω</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>, if all final segments of <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ω</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> have uncountable weight then <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ω</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> has a non-stationary subset of uncountable weight.</div><div>In contrast to this, it was shown in <span><span>[6]</span></span> that the analogous statements for net weight are not provable in ZFC.</div><div>It is remarkable that all our proofs of the above results make essential use of elementary submodels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51201,"journal":{"name":"Topology and its Applications","volume":"373 ","pages":"Article 109469"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A generating set of Reidemeister moves of oriented virtual knots","authors":"Danish Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.topol.2025.109468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.topol.2025.109468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In oriented knot theory, verifying a quantity is an invariant involves checking its invariance under all oriented Reidemeister moves, a process that can be intricate and time-consuming. A generating set of oriented moves simplifies this by requiring verification for only a minimal subset from which all other moves can be derived. While generating sets for classical oriented Reidemeister moves are well-established, their virtual counterparts are less explored. In this study, we enumerate the oriented virtual Reidemeister moves, identifying seventeen distinct moves after accounting for redundancies due to rotational and combinatorial symmetries. We prove that a four-element subset serves as a generating set for these moves. This result offers a streamlined approach to verifying invariants of oriented virtual knots and lays the groundwork for future advancements in virtual knot theory, particularly in the study of invariants and their computational properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51201,"journal":{"name":"Topology and its Applications","volume":"373 ","pages":"Article 109468"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Topological dimension of a Reeb graph and a Reeb space","authors":"Irina Gelbukh","doi":"10.1016/j.topol.2025.109462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.topol.2025.109462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We give an upper bound for the topological dimension of a Reeb space and a Reeb graph for a wide class of topological spaces and maps. For example, for a compact manifold <em>M</em>, the Reeb graph <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> of a continuous function <span><math><mi>f</mi><mspace></mspace><mo>:</mo><mspace></mspace><mi>M</mi><mo>→</mo><mi>R</mi></math></span> satisfies <span><math><mi>dim</mi><mo></mo><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub><mo>≤</mo><mn>1</mn></math></span>. For the Reeb space <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> of a continuous map <span><math><mi>f</mi><mspace></mspace><mo>:</mo><mspace></mspace><mi>M</mi><mo>→</mo><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>, it holds <span><math><mi>dim</mi><mo></mo><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub><mo>≤</mo><mi>n</mi></math></span>. We also show that without the compactness requirement for <em>M</em>, the topological dimension of the Reeb graph (Reeb space) can be arbitrarily large, even countably infinite.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51201,"journal":{"name":"Topology and its Applications","volume":"373 ","pages":"Article 109462"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New family of hyperbolic knots whose Upsilon invariants are convex","authors":"Keisuke Himeno","doi":"10.1016/j.topol.2025.109441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.topol.2025.109441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Upsilon invariant of a knot is a concordance invariant derived from knot Floer homology theory. It is a piecewise linear continuous function defined on the interval <span><math><mo>[</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>]</mo></math></span>. Borodzik and Hedden gave a question asking for which knots the Upsilon invariant is a convex function. It is known that the Upsilon invariant of any <em>L</em>-space knot, and a Floer thin knot after taking its mirror image, if necessary, as well, is convex. Also, we can make infinitely many knots whose Upsilon invariants are convex by the connected sum operation. In this paper, we construct hyperbolic knots with convex Upsilon invariants which are none of the above. To calculate the full knot Floer complex, we make use of a combinatorial method for <span><math><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></math></span>-knots.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51201,"journal":{"name":"Topology and its Applications","volume":"373 ","pages":"Article 109441"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}