{"title":"A note on crossing changes and delta-moves for virtual knots","authors":"Ryuji Higa","doi":"10.1016/j.topol.2025.109622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.topol.2025.109622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We consider the problem of determining whether two given virtual knots can be converted into each other by a sequence of crossing changes or a sequence of Δ-moves. We provide a simple method derived from the <em>r</em>-covering of a virtual knot for approaching this problem. We also give the lower bounds of the Gordian distance for crossing changes and Δ-moves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51201,"journal":{"name":"Topology and its Applications","volume":"377 ","pages":"Article 109622"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Attractors as a bridge from topological properties to long-term behavior in dynamical systems","authors":"Aliasghar Sarizadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.topol.2025.109604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.topol.2025.109604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper refined and introduced some notations (namely attractors, physical attractors, proper attractors, topologically exact and topologically mixing) within the context of relations. We establish necessary and sufficient conditions, including that the phase space of a topologically exact system is an attractor for its inverse, and vice versa, and that a system is topologically mixing if and only if its phase space is a physical attractor.</div><div>Through iterated function systems (IFSs), we illustrate classes of non-trivial topologically mixing and topologically exact IFSs. Additionally, we use IFSs to provide an example of topologically mixing system, generated by finite of homeomorphisms on a compact metric space, that is not topologically exact. These findings connect topological properties with attractor types, providing deeper insights into the long-term dynamics of such systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51201,"journal":{"name":"Topology and its Applications","volume":"377 ","pages":"Article 109604"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Some notes on topological rings and their groups of units","authors":"Abolfazl Tarizadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.topol.2025.109600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.topol.2025.109600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>If <em>R</em> is a topological ring then <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>⁎</mo></mrow></msup></math></span>, the group of units of <em>R</em>, with the subspace topology is not necessarily a topological group. This leads us to the following natural definition: By absolute topological ring we mean a topological ring such that its group of units with the subspace topology is a topological group. We prove that every commutative ring with the <em>I</em>-adic topology is an absolute topological ring (where <em>I</em> is an ideal of the ring).</div><div>Next, we prove that if <em>I</em> is an ideal of a ring <em>R</em> then for the <em>I</em>-adic topology over <em>R</em> we have <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>π</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>/</mo><mo>(</mo><munder><mo>⋂</mo><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>⩾</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></munder><msup><mrow><mi>I</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msup><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> where <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>π</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> is the space of connected components of <em>R</em> and <span><math><mi>t</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> is the space of irreducible closed subsets of <em>R</em>.</div><div>We also show with an example that the identity component of a topological group is not necessarily a characteristic subgroup.</div><div>Finally, we observed that the main result of Koh <span><span>[3]</span></span> as well as its corrected form <span><span>[5, Chap II, §12, Theorem 12.1]</span></span> is not true, and then we corrected this result in the right way.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51201,"journal":{"name":"Topology and its Applications","volume":"377 ","pages":"Article 109600"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Extensions of increasing bounded uniformly continuous functions","authors":"Kaori Yamazaki","doi":"10.1016/j.topol.2025.109599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.topol.2025.109599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we show that, for an increasing bounded uniformly continuous function <em>f</em> on a subspace <em>A</em> of a uniform space <em>X</em> equipped with a preorder, <em>f</em> can be extended to an increasing uniformly continuous function on <em>X</em> if and only if <em>f</em> is uniformly completely order separated in <em>X</em>. This extends McShane's Extension Theorem for metric spaces and Katětov's Theorem for uniform spaces. Moreover, we establish a characterization of a uniform/metric space <em>X</em> equipped with a preorder possessing the monotone uniform extension property, which answers a question asked by E.A.Ok.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51201,"journal":{"name":"Topology and its Applications","volume":"377 ","pages":"Article 109599"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Large C*-polyhedrons in C*-algebras","authors":"Clayton Suguio Hida","doi":"10.1016/j.topol.2025.109598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.topol.2025.109598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A classical polyhedron in a Banach space is a collection of points with a distinctive geometric separation property: each point in the set can be separated from the others by a closed convex set. This concept reflects the interplay between convexity and the geometry of Banach spaces. In this article, we introduce and study a noncommutative analogue of this notion, based on the concept of <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>⁎</mo></mrow></msup></math></span>-convexity, a generalization of classical convexity within the setting of <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>⁎</mo></mrow></msup></math></span>-algebras. We define the notion of a <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>⁎</mo></mrow></msup></math></span>-polyhedron as a family of elements in a <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>⁎</mo></mrow></msup></math></span>-algebra that satisfies a similar separation property with respect to closed <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>⁎</mo></mrow></msup></math></span>-convex sets. Our main goal is to investigate the maximal possible cardinality of <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>⁎</mo></mrow></msup></math></span>-polyhedrons in various <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>⁎</mo></mrow></msup></math></span>-algebras, with particular attention to classical examples from the theory of operator algebras, such as the algebras of compact and bounded operators on a Hilbert space.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51201,"journal":{"name":"Topology and its Applications","volume":"375 ","pages":"Article 109598"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Equicontinuity, rigidity, and distality of trajectories","authors":"Khadija Ben Rejeb , Seif Mezzi","doi":"10.1016/j.topol.2025.109595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.topol.2025.109595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A dynamical system <span><math><mo>(</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>f</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> induces in a natural way two interesting dynamical systems worth studying. One is the system <span><math><mo>(</mo><mi>T</mi><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></math></span> induced on the closure <em>T</em> of all trajectories of <em>f</em> equipped with the Hausdorff metric, and the other one is induced on the space <em>S</em> of all orbits of <em>f</em> equipped with the product topology. In this paper, we study equicontinuity, rigidity and distality for both induced systems, and we investigate the connection of these properties among these induced systems and the original system <span><math><mo>(</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>f</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51201,"journal":{"name":"Topology and its Applications","volume":"375 ","pages":"Article 109595"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On partial knots for symmetric unions","authors":"Christoph Lamm , Toshifumi Tanaka","doi":"10.1016/j.topol.2025.109593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.topol.2025.109593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we show that the partial knot of a 2-bridge ribbon knot is a 2-bridge knot. In particular, we determine the sets of partial knots for all 2-bridge ribbon knots up to 10 crossings, except for 10<sub>3</sub>. Concerning composite symmetric unions, we show that there exists an infinite family of prime knots <span><math><mo>{</mo><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow></msub><mo>}</mo></math></span> such that <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow></msub><mo>♯</mo><mo>−</mo><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> has at least two partial knots and we obtain symmetric union presentations for a certain family of nonsymmetric composite ribbon knots one of which was a potential counterexample to the question which asks if every ribbon knot is a symmetric union. Finally, we show that a partial knot of a symmetric union presentation with one twist region of the Kinoshita-Terasaka knot has trivial Jones polynomial.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51201,"journal":{"name":"Topology and its Applications","volume":"375 ","pages":"Article 109593"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Connecting discrete Morse functions via birth-death transitions","authors":"Chong Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.topol.2025.109594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.topol.2025.109594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study transformations between discrete Morse functions on a finite simplicial complex via birth-death transitions—elementary chain maps between discrete Morse complexes that either create or cancel pairs of critical simplices. We prove that any two discrete Morse functions <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo>:</mo><mi>K</mi><mo>→</mo><mi>R</mi></math></span> on a finite simplicial complex <em>K</em> are linked by a finite sequence of such transitions. As applications, we present alternative proofs of several of Forman's fundamental results in discrete Morse theory and study the topology of the space of discrete Morse functions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51201,"journal":{"name":"Topology and its Applications","volume":"375 ","pages":"Article 109594"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Weakly and strongly reversible spaces","authors":"Miloš S. Kurilić","doi":"10.1016/j.topol.2025.109596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.topol.2025.109596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A topological space <span><math><mi>X</mi></math></span> is <em>reversible</em> iff each continuous bijection (condensation) <span><math><mi>f</mi><mo>:</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>→</mo><mi>X</mi></math></span> is a homeomorphism; <em>weakly reversible</em> iff whenever <span><math><mi>Y</mi></math></span> is a space and there are condensations <span><math><mi>f</mi><mo>:</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>→</mo><mi>Y</mi></math></span> and <span><math><mi>g</mi><mo>:</mo><mi>Y</mi><mo>→</mo><mi>X</mi></math></span>, there is a homeomorphism <span><math><mi>h</mi><mo>:</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>→</mo><mi>Y</mi></math></span>; <em>strongly reversible</em> iff each bijection <span><math><mi>f</mi><mo>:</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>→</mo><mi>X</mi></math></span> is a homeomorphism. We show that the class of weakly reversible non-reversible spaces is disjoint from the class of sequential spaces in which each sequence has at most one limit (containing e.g. metrizable spaces). On the other hand, the class of strongly reversible topologies contains only discrete topologies, antidiscrete topologies and natural generalizations of the cofinite topology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51201,"journal":{"name":"Topology and its Applications","volume":"375 ","pages":"Article 109596"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sophia Fanelle, Evan Huang, Ben Huenemann, Weizhe Shen, Jonathan Simone, Hannah Turner
{"title":"On χ-slice pretzel links","authors":"Sophia Fanelle, Evan Huang, Ben Huenemann, Weizhe Shen, Jonathan Simone, Hannah Turner","doi":"10.1016/j.topol.2025.109578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.topol.2025.109578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A link is called <em>χ</em>-slice if it bounds a smooth properly embedded surface in the 4-ball with no closed components and Euler characteristic 1. If a link has a single component, then it is <em>χ</em>-slice if and only if it is slice. One motivation for studying such links is that the double cover of the 3-sphere branched along a nonzero determinant <em>χ</em>-slice link is a rational homology 3-sphere that bounds a rational homology 4-ball. This article aims to generalize known results about the sliceness of pretzel knots to the <em>χ</em>-sliceness of pretzel links. In particular, we completely classify positive and negative pretzel links that are <em>χ</em>-slice, and obtain partial classifications of 3-stranded and 4-stranded pretzel links that are <em>χ</em>-slice. As a consequence, we obtain infinite families of Seifert fiber spaces that bound rational homology 4-balls.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51201,"journal":{"name":"Topology and its Applications","volume":"375 ","pages":"Article 109578"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}